10 B Netherlands Commission for the International Rubber Exhibition, London 1911. H. S. J. MAAS Esq., Consul General for the Netherlands in Great Britain and Ireland, 12 Blom field street, London E. C, Honorary President. A. G. N. SWART, LL. D., Director of Rubber Planting Companies, Scheveningen, President and Commissioner General. JAC. MUSLY Esq., Partner in the firm of Messrs. Weise & Co., Rotterdam, Vice-President. J. G. VON HEMERT Esq., President of the Surinam Society, Amsterdam, Vice-President. K. H. H. VAN BENNEKOM Esq., Honorary Consul for Belgium, The Hague. Ist Secretary. CH. H. MOENS Esq., Partner in the firm of Messrs. Mees & Moens, Rotterdam, 2nd Secretary. B. BAKKER Esq., Netherland Rubber and Gutta Percha Factory "St. Joris", Ridderkerk. Dr. A. H. BERKHOUT, Ex-Conservator of Forestry in the Netherlands East Indies Wageningen. S. P. VAN EEGHEN Esq., President of the Chamber of Commerce, Amsterdam. Prof. Dr. S. HOOGEWERFF, Ex-Professor at the Technical University at Delft, Wassenaar. Prof. Dr. G. VAN ITERSON, Professor at the Technical University at Delft. F. K. KATZ Esq., Secretary of the Association for Promoting the Interests of Exhibitors, Amsterdam.
100 No. 69. GENERAL UNION OF RUBBER-PLANTERS OF THE EAST COAST OF SUMATRA AT MEDAN (DELI). 67. Model of an Assistent's house on a plantation on the East Coast of Sumatra. 68. Model of a coolie hut on a plantation on the East coast; 69. Model of coolie hospital. Collection of photos. 70. Map of the East Coast of Sumatra, showing the Rubber plantations. 71. Publication of Dr. Schuffner and Dr. Kuenen on the state of health of coolies under the Senembah company; typical of the whole * East Coast. 72. Example of the existing Coolie Contract and of the Coolie Ordinance. 73. Album of views of the East Coast of Sumatra. Individual Exhibits. No. 70. PAMANOEKAN AND TJIASSEM LAND EXPLOITATION COMPANY. BATAVIA RESIDENCY, JAVA. 74. Sample light smoked Hevea sheets from latex. 75. Sample dark smoked Hevea sheets from latex. 76. Sample unsmoked Hevea sheets from latex. 77. Sample Hevea sheet from scrap (crepe). 78. Sample Hevea sheets from skimmings. 79. Sample Hevea sheet from shavings. 80. Sample Ficus sheets from latex. 81. Sample Ficus sheets from scrap. 82. Sample Ficus balls from scrap. 83. Ribbon from which Ficus balls are prepared. 84. Sample Castilloa sheet from scraps. 85. Small sample bags Robusta coffee No. 1. 86. Small sample bags Liberia coffee No. 1. 87. Small sample chests Kasomalang tea. 88. Small sample chests Boekanegara tea.
101 89. Small sample chests rice. 90. Small chests rice husks No. 11. 91. 2 Bundles paddy of normal growth. 92. Various samples of paddy in bundles on a small scale of the best quality of different kinds of paddy grown. 93. Various samples Cinchona bark (ledger). 94. Various Cinchona bark samples (hybrid). 95. Sample small bags Cinchona bark. 96. Sample black pepper. Collection of photos. 97. Map of the Pamanoekan and Tjiassem lands. Various statistics. No. 71. "NGRANKAH" CULTIVATION CO. (KEDIRI RESIDENCY, JAVA). 98. Specimens of the trunk of the Castilloa elastica, 2 1 ' 2 feet long. From trees of 1 to 8 years; showing the growth in circumference. 99. Specimen of the trunk of Castilloa elastica, indicating the method of tapping and the healing of the wound. 100. Ripe and unripe fruit of the Castilloa elastica, (in spirits of wine). 101. Sample of the seed of Castilloa elastica. 102. Larvae of beetles which attack the trunks and branches of young trees (in spirits of wine). 103. Branch damaged by the beetle mentioned under No. 102. 104. Tools used for tapping Castilloa elastica. 105. Chests, as used for shipment of Castilloa rubber. 106. Chest containing different kinds of Castilloa rubber. Collection of photos. No. 72. THE "KOELON BAMBANG" PLANTATION (MANAGER MR. NIC. VAN DELDEN) KEDIRI RESIDENCY, JAVA. 107. Sample of rubber from the Ficus elastica crepe. 108. Sample of rubber from the Ficus elastica sheet. 109. Sample of rubber from the Ficus elastica block (snioked). 110. Sample of rubber from the Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara) crepe. 111. Sample of rubber from the Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara) sheet. 112. Sample of rubber from the Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara) block (smoked).
102 113. Sample of rubber from the Castilloa crepe. 114. Sample of rubber from the Castilloa elastica sheet. 115. Sample of rubber from the Castilloa elastica block (smoked). 116. Tub used in the preparation of rubber. 117. Tapping knives. 118. Board with sheets of the above mentioned varieties of rubber, for advertising purposes. 119. Sample of coffee grown as catch erop. 120. Sample of coca grown as catch erop. 121. Seeds of the Manihot Glaziovii. No. 73. THE "PASIR AJOENAN" PLANTATION (MANAGER Mr. E. ORUENEWALD) BANTAM RESIDENCY, JAVA. 122. Chest of Para rubber weighing 60 K.G., sheet, from 4 year old trees, prepared with fluoric hydrogen, in wooden cöagulation tubs of 100 L. capacity, rolled in a hand mangle, and slightly smoked; estate situated 120 M. above sea-level; harvested in January 1911. Half fish-bone method, tappers usual '/, gauge, distance between the incisions 16 to 18 c.M. No. 74. LANGKAPOERA RUBBER ESTATE LTD. (MANAGER Mr. A. PAULMANN, LAMPONO DISTRICTS RESIDENCY, SUMATRA.) 123. Chest with one large and a number of small balls of rubber, formed from the scrap of Ficus elastica, in all 35 K.G. Large ball composed of rubber (from the third tapping in the same year) of 25, '9 years old Ficus trees, also 2 l / 2 K.G. "Tropf" rubber. These 25 trees were planted at wide distances apart in good soil 150 M. above sea-level. The trees appear to be very healthy. Three or four tappings per year have given since 1909 750 to 1000 grammes of dry rubber per year and per tree.
103 No. 75 THE "TJIRANDJI" PLANTATION, (MANAGER MR H. F. F. STENNEKES) PREANGER REGENCIES, JAVA. 124. Sample Para rubber lst grade crepe (3 rolls) 2.5 K.G. 125. Sample Para rubber 2nd grade crepe (1 roll) 1 K.G. 126. Sample Para rubber 3rd grade crepe (1 roll) 1/2 K.G. 127. Sample Para rubber sheet. 128. Sample Para rubber biscuit. No. 76. THE "TJOEROEO" PLANTATION; (MANAGER MR. L. G. DE VOS VAN NEDERVEEN CAPPEL) BATAVIA RESIDENCY, JAVA 129. Sample Para rubber 10 sheets from 5'A, years old trees, total 3 KG. Collection photos. No. 77. THE "PASIR OETJINO" PLANTATION (MANAGER MR. W. VOLZ); PREANGER REGENCIES, JAVA. 130. Chest with 20 pound sheets of Para rubber. 131. Chest with 20 pound crepe lst grade of Para rubber. 132. Chest with 20 pound crepe 2nd grade of Para rubber. 133. Chest with 20 pound crepe 3rd grade of Para rubber. 134. Chest with 20 pound crepe 4th grade of Para rubber. 135. Case of tapping implements. 136. Pamphlet on the plantation.
11 J. MERENS Esq., Partner in the firm of Messrs. Merens Bros , Haarlem. E. P. DE MONCHY Rzn. Esq., President of the Chamber of Commerce, Rotterdam. J. POMPE Esq., Director of the Amsterdam Rubber Factory, Amsterdam. Prof. Dr. P. VAN ROMBURGH, Professor at Utrecht University, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Netherland Gutta Percha Company. Utrecht. A. SLINGERVOET RAMONDT Esq., Technical Engineer, Delft. Prof. Dr. F. A. F. C. WENT, Professor at Utrecht University, Utrecht.
12 C Netherlands East-Indian Commission for the International Rubber Exhibition, London 1911. Dr. W. R. TROMP DE HAAS, President. T. OTTOLANDER Esq., . E. H. ANDRIESSE Esq., Members. C. H. HAMAKER Esq., i E. VELDS Esq., Ist Secretary. H. J. VAN HASSELT Esq., 2nd Secretary. D Netherlands West-Indian Commission for the International Rubber Exhibition, London 1911. Dr. P. J. S. CRAMER, President. J. M. DA COSTA Esq., G. VAN DIEN Jr. Esq., A. W. DROST Esq., J. T. REINDERS FOLMER Esq., J. W. GONGGRIJP Esq., \ Members. C. M. H. KROESEN Esq., W. R. MENKMAN Esq., P. M. NAHAR Esq., J. A. POLAK Esq., B. BILGEN, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer.
15 E The Rubber Industry in the Netherlands (Copyright) Specially written for this publication by Prof. S. HOOOEWERFF and A. SLINGERVOET RAMONDT, chemical engineer. The rubber industry of Holland is of growing importance. There are four factories at present, and, fortunately, Dutch consumers have begun to realize more and more that first-class productscan Be obtained in their own country as well as abroad. Moreover, the manufacture for export is extending daily. The industry of manufactured india rubber is about 70 years old. The discovery of the vulcanizing process by Goodyear in 1842 may be looked upon as the starting point. Before that year the use of india rubber was very limited. Therefore it is very important for the study of the growth of this industry to state that there exists in the Netherlands one of the oldest rubber works, viz. that of Merens Brothers, at Haarlem. About
16 1830 a Mr. Van Geuns, a chemist, started making rubber articles and for that purpose settled in a barn in the Doelstraat. The use of india rubber was limited to rendering tissues waterproof. However, from a prospectus, issued in 1842, dealing with fire-engine-hoses, it appears that Van Geuns already knew the process of vulcanizing, for he announced hoses which resisted high pressure and retained, both in slimmer heat and in severe cold, this property as well as their flexibility. The fact that in a diary of Mr. Van Geuns for the year 1828, which is jealously preserved by the present owners, sulphur is mentioned with other ingredients, as being the chief compounding material of many of the mixtures used by Van Geuns for rubber articles, points to nis being already acquainted with an operation, very analogous with Goodyear's vulcanizing process. In 1839 the business was transferred to the Zuiderbuitenspaarne, where it has been situated up to this date, and after some years Van Geuns became associated with H. de Clercq, who furnished the necessary funds and, after the founder's death, carried on the business alone. In 1876 he sold it to Mr. Allard Merens, who at the end of three years took into partnership his brother under the name of Merens Brothers. The new firm applied itself to the manufacture of "technical articles" and stopped that of chirurgical instruments and waterproof tissues. By and by old-fashioned tools were replaced by modern machinery, the output being increased by extending the works and adding more h. p. The plant now consists of six mixing milis, one calender, nine vulcanizing heaters, four vulcanizing presses, two spreaders and a lot of smaller machines. In 1899 a new building was added for asbestos goods. In the beginning of 1906 death put an end to Mr. Allard Merens' active life; since then Messrs. J. Merens and P. Risselade have been managers. In 1910 Mr. H. Merens also entered the firm. The factory has its own power and light station, with a 78 h.p. dynamo. Vulcanizing is done exclusively by steam; no substitutes or reclaimed rubber are made; these are procured from elsewhere. The principal manufactures are all kinds of rubber and asbestos packing and hoses; a speciality of this factory is the manufacture of armoured hoses up to a length of 200 metres in one piece. Further, all kinds of tech nical articles are made, especially those used in electrotechnics, so that the manufacture of vulcanite plays an important part. In 1880 the number of employees was only eight; to-day sixty adults earn their living in this factory. The total amount of wages paid in 1900 was something over £ 1900, and in 1909 £ 3.316. The quantity of raw material used in 1900 was 54,353 kilogrammes, in 1909 74,600 kilogrammes. Since the beginning of 1910 exportation to all parts of the world gives the factory a good deal more to do.
17 The second factory of importance is called "St. Joris", and belongs to the firm of Bakker & Sons, at Ridderkerk. In 1879 Mr. B. Bakker, sen., and his son established a small factory for the manufacture of technical rubber goods, with only a few workmen. It gradually grew, and to-day nothing is left of the old building and the factory occupies an area of about 3000 square metres, and employs about sixty men and women. Mr. Bakker died in 1886 and his son has continued the business under the same name to this day. The factory is driven and lighted by electricity, the total driving power equalling about 100 h.p. Vulcanization is carried on exclusively by steam, in seven vulcanizing presses; moreover, there are five single and doublé calenders, six washing and mixing milis, and many other machines. The process of vulcanization with chloride of sulphur is not applied, nor are reclaimed rubber or substitutes being manufactured; but since the strong development of electrotechnics, vulcanite is being made in considerable quantities. Whilst the mam products still are articles for technical purposes, as valves, packing, sheets etc, bicycle and motor tyres also form a very important part of the output in recent years. As a speciality a particular kind of packing, called "Sintjoriet", is made as a compound of rubber and asbestos. Contrary to what is done at the factory at Haarlem, Bakker & Sons only work on orders, and do not manufacture stock goods. Speaking chronologically, the third factory is that of Messrs. Pompe & Co., at Amsterdam, commonly called the Amsterdam Rubber Mills. It was established in 1886 by Messrs. L. Pompe, D. de Boer and H. L. Rijnink, and in a couple of years it was necessary to add another building. To-day the factory uses more than 100 h.p. for power only, and it has about 50 workmen. The mam product consists again, principally, of articles for technical purposes, such as packing, in all varieties, hoses for gas and water, rubber heels, etc. A speciality is the manufacture of rubber flooring tiles, of which some beautiful specimens were to be seen at the Rubber Exhibition of 1908. The youngest of Dutch rubber factories is the Rubber Mills "Vredestijn", Ltd., director Mr. E. Schiff, mechanical engineer. It was established at Loosduinen, near The Hague, in 1910, with a capital of about £ 16.000. This factory covers a large space; special care has been taken for an ample provision of light and ventilation, and a large area is still open, which enables the company to extend the business if necessary. The inoving power is electric; about 170 h.p. are already supplied for the driving of the different machines, amongst which are five vulcanizing presses. At the present time there are no more than 15 workmen, but this •j
18 number will be gradually increased in accordance with the growing of the business of the only newly erected factory. The works specially manufacture bicycle- and motor-tyres, although all kinds of other articles made, if ordered. Rubber waste is bought by the company and reclaimed on the premises for private use. In conclusion we may point out that this factory is the first in our country which possesses a very completely equipped chemical research laboratory, at the head of which is a chemical engineer, and so the company is able to test the latest progress of science in connection with the practical applications in manufacture. F The Communications between the Netherlands East Indies and Europe. From the Netherlands two regular lines of mail steamers keep up a weekly service; one week a mail steamer of the "Rotterdamsche Lloyd" leaves Rotterdam for Batavia, Samarang and Soerabaya via Marseilles, the Suez Canal and Padang on the South Coast of Sumatra, while the ncxt week a mailsteamer of the "Maatschappij Nederland" leaves Amsterdam with the same destinations, but calls at Oenoa, Sabang (north coast of Sumatra) and Singapore. The fleets of these two companies consist of 16 up-to-date mailsteamers, carrying the Royal Dutch Mail, fitted with wireless telegraphic installations, refrigerating plant etc. etc. and first and second class passenger accommodations. Cargo steamers maintain a further cargo-carrying service, bringing the chief products, like sugar, coffee, tobacco, rubber, pepper etc. to Europe. Between Java and the other islands belonging to the Indian Archipelago, a regular service is maintained by the excellent steamers of the "Koninklijke Pakketvaart-Maatschappij", which receives subsidy from the Government. This company works in conjunction with the afore-mentioned two companies. Further indirect Communications exist by the P. & O. s.s. Cy, the "Messageries Maritimes", the Nordd. Lloyd and other well-known s.s. Cies, the ships of which call at Singapore, whither one has to proceed by one of the steamers of the "Koninklijke Pakketvaart-Maatschappij".
19 G The Rubber market of Rotterdam. The Rotterdam market is one of the oldest in the world. The Congo Bassin was practically opened by Rotterdam merchants more than 50 years ago. The African Trading Company (Afrikaansche Handels Vennootschap) at Rotterdam was for a long period of years the sole importer of Congo Rubbers and their steamers "Afrikaan", "Koningin Wilhelmina" and "Erasmus", were practically the only Congo traders until 1895 when the Belgian Line of "Ville" steamers started their regular monthly service to Antwerp and Rotterdam. The present New African Trading Company is also interested in the French Congo from where regular supplies come to the Rotterdam market, whilst other firms own factories in the Soudan and Mozambique. In the latter years several companies have been formed for the Cultivation of Rubber in the East and the produce of these plantations will give a further importance to the market before many years are over. Rotterdam is at present the centre of the trade in Surinam Sheet Balata, the three principal producers of this article in the Colony having their head-quarters in Rotterdam. Owing to its favorable situation on an open river and the brilliant modern port, Rotterdam offers many advantages to both importers and consumers. Charges are lower than anywhere else and the quick handling of all goods is unequalled, owing to the central position of all warehouses and the frequent and quick communication by rail, river and sea with all eentres of the industry in the world. The arrivals of Rubber at Rotterdam during the last 10 years were: 1901 849 tons 1902 970 „ 1903 796 „ 1904 1117 1905 1347 „ 1906 1356 „ 1907 1089 „ 1908 1270 „ 1909 1140 „ 1910 1150 „
2 qualification of the relationship of those properties or values with regard to practical use may be sufficient. A medium course by which the methods of testing are more or less adapted to the practical applications, has of course, most chance of practical success, but it has the drawback that it emphasizes those practical applications. Here, again, experience, empiricism, must show, what will serve as a standard. In any case, it may be said, that only the first steps in this direction have been taken. This difficult task having been finished, it is possible to indicate by numbers to the consumer, the quality of the product bought by him, and it will also be possible for the rubber manufacturer to get a better idea, expressed in figures, and not empirically determined, of the article, but this is not of much use to either producer or importer of raw rubber. The question, how the qualities of the finished products are influenced by the qualities of the material brought to market, certainly requires a special examination. He who makes the study of this question his aim, will be compelled to study thoroughly all manipulations applied in the rubber-factory, or rather, in the numerous branches of the rubber industry, for the nature of the finished product is not only dependent on the quality of the elementary substance, but also on the way of washing, mixing, on the nature of the filling-materials, the lengtli of vulcanization, the temperature, the quantity of sulphur, the finishing etc. This circumstance is still complicated by the fact, that the kind of influence, exerted by the fore-mentioned factors, changes, with regard to the nature of the elementary substance. An enormous amount of work is indeed still to be done, bèfore this problem, regarding the principal kinds of rubber, is solved. A certain rubber is given, and the question is: "For what purpose, and in which way, is it worked best, and which, then, are the physical, or mechanical qualities of the resulting product?" It does not follow that the analysis of the physical factors, is in every case the only way to define the quality of rubber. A simple chemical analysis often gives important indications. On one side, there is, in certain cases, an empirical connection between the chemical composition of the worked product, and the physical property, to which this rubber article owes its application, which connection is sufficiently known, to allow of a chemical determination of the quality. This, for instance, applies to the fixing of the insulating power of rubber-insulating material, for which certain prescriptions, concerning its chemical composition, have been given in many countries. On the other side, the quality of raw rubber, to a great extent, is also shown by the chemical nature. The proportion of water-, impurities and resin are factors which exert on the rubber, a more immediate influence than importers are often inclined to believe. He, for instance, who
22 No. 1. The Government Bureau for India Rubber Trade and Industry at Delft (Netherlands). One set of experimental or Laboratory Machinery compactly arranged upon one Combination Bed Plate; this Bed plate being arranged with Hinged Doors suitable for storage purposes. The Machinery mounted on this Bed plate consists of one Improved Type India Rubber Washing Machine with Rollers 4 1 / 2 " dia. by 9" wide on suitably cut face for Washing and Cleaning Rubber. One India Rubber Mixing Machine with Rollers 4 ] ,'.," dia. by 9" wide, made from Chilled Iron, Ground and Polished on Face, bored and fitted with Steam Heated and Water Cooling Arrangement, this Machine for Mixing the Rubber with the compounds. One Three Roller Calender with Chilled Rollers, steam heated and water cooled; these rollers being 4 1 / 2 " dia. by 9" wide, and fitted with two sets of roller end wheels, one set giving even motion for Sheeting and the other set arranged at Frietion Speeds for Frictioning the Rubber into duck, etc. The above Machines are driven by means of six B. H. P. Electric Motor having Machine Cut Reduction Gear, Line Shafting and each Machine fitted with Heywood & Bridge's Patent Frietion Clutch, so that each Machine can be stopped or started independently from the other. One Screw Type Vulcanizing Press with 12" square Platens suitable for Vulcanizing the Rubber in Sheet-form or Moulded articles, as desired. A Vulcanizing Pan is also provided for Vulcanizing various articles in Moulds. The whole of the Machines, etc. are fitted with all improvements and appliances as is the case with large Machines used by Rubber Manufacturers. The whole of the above forms a very compact Plant suitable for Technical Colleges, Laboratories and experimental work generally. Vide Supplement.
24 No. 2. Weise & Co., Rubber Merchants, Boompjes 58, ROTTERDAM. Various specimens of Rubber, Jeloetoeng, Gutta Percha and Balata a. different samples of African Rubbers: Prime red Kassai, Congo. Kassai Nuts, „ Kassai Strips, „ Kassai Pieces, „ Wamba, Cherries, „ Thimbles, „ Roots containing Rubber. Block and Crepe Rubber from roots. Prime black Kassai, Congo. Finest black Uppercongo. Uppercongo black strips. Equateur. Red Uppercongo. Conakry. Lahou Niggers. Soudan. Mozambique. b. different samples of Plantation Rubber: Hevea Crepe, Straits. Hevea Crepe, Java. Hevea Crepe, Sumatra. Hevea smoked sheets. Hevea smoked rolls. Hevea sheets. Hevea sheets (rolled). Hevea biscuits. Hevea scraps and virgin pieces. Ceara sheets, Java. Ceara biscuits, Java.
25 Ficus scraps. Ficus blocks. Ficus balls (different shapes). Ficus crepe. Ficus crepe (rolled). Ficus sheets, biscuits and cakes. Ficus blocks. Castilloa sheets, biscuits and cakes. Castilloa crepe. Castilloa blocks. c. Samples of Dyera and products from Dyera: Pressed Jelutong, Dyera. Jelutong, Crepe Rubber extracted from Jelutong. Block Rubber „ „ „ Resin d. Para as first imported into Europe. e. Artificial Rubber. No. 3. Koloniale Handel and Consignatie Maatschappij. (Consignees Weise & Co., Rotterdam). Consignees and importers of Colonial produce, Rotterdam, Semarang, Tjilatjap, Cheribon, Tegal (Java), Paneb (Sumatra), Ternate (Moluccas). a. different samples of Java, wild Rubber: Ficus, Sumatra. Ficusrolls, Preanger Java. Ficus balls, Lampong Sumatra. Ficus blocks, Java. Ficus balls and cakes. Ficus blocks, Sumatra. Rambong, Sumatra. Rambong, low quality, Sumatra. Borneo.
26 b. Samples of different products Coffee. Nutmegs. Mace. Pepper. Cocoa. Coca. Hemp. Coprali. Kapoc. Kapocseed. Cotton. Cottonseed. No. 4. Van Eeghen & Co., AMSTERDAM. Map showing estates of which this firm are consignees. Samples Hevea, Crêpe and Sheets. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea and Ceara. Name and address: Cultuur Maatschappij Rembes. Name and situation of the estate: Rembes Residency Semarang. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 800 ft. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 4 —5000 m.M. Age of trees tapped: Hevea 5 years, Ceara 10 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 24 X 36 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Coffee and Pala Trees. Method of preparing the latex: with acetic-acid. Sort of Rubber: Ficus and Ceara. Name and address: Koloniale Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij „Amsterdam"
27 Name and situation of the estate: Poerwodadi, district Sengoro, dep. Malang, residency Pasaroean, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 1300—1600 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: about 2500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4—15 years. Distance between the trees tapped: varies considerably, Ficus 20 X 20 a few Cearas BXB and 6X6. Method of preparing the latex: Ceara without chemicals; Ficus with purub. Sort of Rubber: Ficus. Name and address: Cultuur Maatschappij „Tjikandi Oedik", Amsterdam. Name and situation of the estate: Tjikandi Oedik, residency of Bantam, Serang, district Tjikandi. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 20 —70 Metres. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 40 trees, age about 9 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 12 X 12; 18 X 18 and 24 X 24. Nature of catchcrops: in a small part some coconuttrees. Method of preparing the latex: after having been dried and cleaned pressed in blocks of about a picul weight. Sort of Rubber: Ficus. Name and address: Cultuur Maatschappij Pondok —Gedeh, The Hague. Name and situation of the estate: Pondok—Gedeh estates district of Buitenzorg, residency Batavia, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 700—7000 feet. Average annuall rainfall on the estate: 4000 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: Scraps 18 years; sheets 7 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 20 Rijnlandsche Roeden. Method of preparing the latex: cöagulation with creosote. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Nederlandsche Rubber Maatschappij Amsterdam. Name and situation of the estate: Soengei Poetih Serdang, East-Coast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 52 Metres. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2529 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4—5 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 17 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Liberia Coffee. Method of preparing the latex: cöagulation with acetic acid.
28 PHOTOS. 1. View of Liberia Hevea plantations on the right and Tea(Hevea)-gardens on the left. 2. Oldest tree (4 years old) on which tapping trials have been made. 3. Hevea, one year old, plantation Tjiholeang. 4. View of the coffee-fabric. 5. View of the estate managers house. 6. Tea plantation Tjirangkong. 7. General view of the tea-gardens Tjirangkong. 8. View of tea plantation Tjirangkong. 9. View of the Liberia-Hevea plantation. 10. View of the Kampong Tjipongpok. No. 5. Amsterdam Rubber Market various samples of Rubber collected by F. JOOSTEN, broker, Amsterdam. JAVA. 1. RAMBONG BALL DVK/BW from the Government forest department. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society. la. RAMBONG CREPE DVK/BW from the Government forest department. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society. 2. RAMBONG SHEETS B W A Estate Assembagoes. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society.
29 3. RAMBONG BLOCK Tjipetir from the Government forest department. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society. 4. RAMBONG SHEETS K A Estate Karang Anjer. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society. 5. CASTILLOA SHEETS KA Estate Karang Anjer. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society. 6. RAMBONG SHEET G N Estate Gogo Niti. Consignees: Tiedeman & van Kerchem. 7. RAMBONG BLOCK GN Estate Gogo Niti. Consignees: Tiedeman & van Kerchem. 8. CASTILLOA SHEET G N Estate Gogo Niti. Consignees: Tiedeman & van Kerchem. 9. HEVEA CREPE RCMA Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Amsterdam". Consignees: Van Leeuwen Boomkamp & Co. 10. HEVEA CREPE RCMA Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Amsterdam". Consignees: Van Leeuwen Boomkamp & Co
3 is acquainted with the variation of the proportion of moisture in Djeloetong, will not deny the great importance of a determination of the water present in this product. Passing from' the more easy to the more difficult, the Government Bureau has been opened, in the first place, for the chemical analysis of raw rubber (since the l st of February 1911) whilst, from the l st of August, also, the chemical analysis of vulcanized rubber will be made by the Bureau. Then the mechanical test of the finished product will follow, and at last the study of the very difficult problem of the connection between the qualities of the ready product, and those of the original one, and the way of working it up, will be taken up. The Bureau hopes to further the raw rubber Trade, by, at least, partially, changing the empirie determinations, into scientific ones, so that all that was formely expressed by a vague description, can now be expressed by a definite number. In ttiis way, discussion is avoided, as certain standards emanating from an impartial body are created. He who knows the important services, rendered to Trade by the estimation of silk, the chemical test of sugar, and that of cinchona bark, will not deny, that, in this respect, there is much to be attained. No doubt, a long time will pass, before the idea is fully realized, and with the actual scarcity of rubber, as each product is bought by manufacturers, the need of measures, such as above mentioned, is, as a matter of course, less feit. That the chemical analysis of the vulcanized rubber, made by an impartial institute, is urgently needed however, follows from the fact, that up to now, the fulfilment of the above named prescriptions, as to the chemical composition of the insulation-material, was but little controlled. One has only to superficially acquaint oneself with what is required by the great consumers of rubber wares, to be struck by the necessity of knowledge of the chemical composition, which also holds good for many other adaptations. As to the regulations and the tariff of the chemical tests, persons interested are referred to the circulars, laid out on the stand of the Bureau. That the Bureau will do full justice to the mechanical testing-methods, needs no further comment beyond those already made, and the point from which it views the testing question is now sufficiently indicated. Full impartiality, regarding the proposed methods, will remain on the foreground, and it is for this reason that the Bureau does not like to indicate the methods it follows, before it has obtained greater experience, and after it has critically studied several testing apparatus.
3 Index. Page. Number. 7. A. Introduction. 10. B. The Netherlands Commission for the Int. Rubber Exhibition. 12. C. „ „ East Indian Commission for the Int. Rubber Exhibition. 12. D. „ „ West Indian „„ „ „ Treatises. 7. A. Introduction. 10. B. The Netherlands Commission for the Int. Rubber Exhibition. 12. C. „ „ East Indian Commission for the Int. Rubber Exhibition. 12. D. „ „ West Indian „ „ „ „ Treatises. 15. E. The Rubber Industry in the Netherlands by Prof. S. Hoogewerff and A. Slingervoet Ramondt, Chemical engineer. 18. F. The Communications between the Netherlands East Indies and Europe. 19. G. The Rubber market of Rotterdam. 19. O. The Rubber market of Rotterdam. EXHIBITORS. Science. 22. 1. The Government Bureau of India Rubber Trade and Industry at Delft (Netherlands). Trade. Trade. 24. 2. Weise & Co., Rubber Merchants, Rotterdam. 25. 3. Koloniale Handel- & Consignatie-Maatschappij. (Consignees Messrs. Weise & Co., Rotterdam). 25. 3. Koloniale Handel- & Consignatie-Maatschappij. (Consignees Messrs. Weise & Co., Rotterdam). 26. 4. Van Eeghen & Co., Merchants, Amsterdam. 28. 5. Amsterdam Rubber Market. Various samples of Rubber collected by F. Joosten, Rubber Broker, Amsterdam. 28. 5. Amsterdam Rubber Market. Various samples of Rubber collected by F. Joosten, Rubber Broker, Amsterdam. 34. 6. Mees & Moens, East Indian Merchants, Rotterdam. 38. 7. Blaauwhoedenveem Cy. Ltd, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerpen. 39. 8. Vriesseveem Cy. Ltd., Amsterdam, Rotterdam. 43. 9. Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij. (Royal Packet Steam Navigation Cy.), Amsterdam. 38. 7. Blaauwhoedenveem Cy. Ltd, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerpen. 39. 8. Vriesseveem Cy. Ltd., Amsterdam, Rotterdam. 43. 9. Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij. (Royal Packet Steam Navigation Cy.), Amsterdam. 45. 10. Internationale Guano- en Superphosphaatwerken. (Intern. Guano and Superphosphate works), Zwyndrecht, Holland.
30 11. HEVEA CREPE RCMA Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Amsterdam". Consignees: Van Leeuwen Boomkamp & Co. 12. CEARA BISCUITS KÏ £^ A Koloniale Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Estate Poerwodadie. _ . ( Netherland Trading Society. Consignees: j & Co 13. CASTILLOA SHEETS N g° esne K Landbouw Maatschappij Ngoesrie. Consignee: Aug. Janssen. 14. HEVEA SHEETS PRM Preanger Rubber Maatschappij. Estate Penandjong Mandalareh. Consignee: Handel Maatschappij Deli-Atjeh. 15. RAMBONG SCRAPS Estate Bodjong Gede. Consignees: J. M. W. van Dusseldorp & Co 16. RAMBONG CREPE HP Importers: Hooft & Co. 17. HEVEA SHEET GT Cultuur Maatschappij üoenoeng Toenggal. Consignee: Maatschappij tot voortzetting der zaken v/h. P. A. Voute Jr.
31 SUMATRA 18. HEVEA SHEET J e] . Rubber Cultuur Onderneming "Timbang-Deli". 19. HEVEA CREPE Rubber Cultuur Onderneming "Timbang-Deli". 20. RAMBONG SCRAPS jj,. Rubber Cultuur Onderneming "Timbang-Deli". 21. RAMBONG CREPE JV Dcli Rubber Cultuur Onderneming "Timbang-Deli". 22. HEVEA SHEETS ALC Estate Tandjong Kleling. Amsterdam-Langkat Compagnie. 23. HEVEA CREPE ALC Estate Tandjong Kleling. Amsterdam-Langkat Compagnie. 24. RAMBONG SCRAPS A L C Estate Tandjong Kieling. Amsterdam-Langkat Compagnie. 25. HEVEA SHEETS SRCM Serbadjadi. Sumatra Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Serbadjadi 26. HEVEA CREPE SRCM Serbadjadi. Sumatra Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Serbadjadi
32 27. RAMBONG SHEETS DM S Estate Tandjong Slamat. Dcli Maatschappij. 28. RAMBONG CREPE DM/S Estate Tandjong Slamat. Dcli Maatschappij. 29. HEVEA CREPE RCMA Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Amsterdam. Consignees: Van Leeuwen Boomkamp & Co., 30. HEVEA SHEETS D R M Estate Poeloe Tagor. Dcli Rubber Maatschappij. 31. RAMBONG SAUSAGE SL Estate Soengei Landei Consignees: Waller & Plate. MALABAR. 32. HEVEA BISCUITS MALABAR Rubber Maatschappij "Malabar". Estate Poonoor. Consignees: Matthes & Ostwalt. CELEBES. 33. HEVEA BISCUITS MENADO Estate Tiniawangko. Moluksche Handels Vennootschap.
33 s 34. RAMBONG BALL MENADO Estate Tiniawangko. Moluksche Handels Vennootschap. SUMATRA. 35. Compressed Jeloetong I H C Importer: Ind. Handel Comp. BURMA. 36. HEVEA BISCUITS J.H.H. Consignee: F. /oosten. SUMATRA. 37. RAMBONG CREPE A P C Amsterdam Padang Comp. Consignee: Netherland Trading Society.
34 No. 6. Exhibits Mees & Moens, Rotterdam. East Indian Merchants. Importers of colonial produce. ROTTERDAMSCHE CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ. Selokaton Estate (consignees Messrs. Mees & Moens, Rotterdam). Samples. Liberian Coffee. „ Liberian Coffee (two years old having been warehoused in Java). „ Robusta Coffee. „ Hybrid Coffee. „ Mace. „ Nut-megs. „ Cocoa. „ Capoc. Tea samples representing the various grades as produced by the estate. „ Tea packed in lead as sold to the natives. „ Ficus rubber. Collection of Cinchona-Bark samples. 1. Succirubra-pipes, long. 2. „ „ medium. 3. „ „ very thin. 4. „ „ in bundies. 5. „ „ ordinary. 6. „ „ in short bundies. 7. „ „ pipes, short. 8. „ „ sliced in bundies. 9. „ „ broken pipes. 10. „ „ Bark, sliced. 11. „ „ „ „ lst Quality. 12. „ „ Root „ lst 13. „ „ Bark, scraps lst „ 14. „ „ „ „ 2nd 15. „ „ Root 16. „ „ „ „ lst „ small. 17. „ „ „ „ large. 18. „ „ „ „ 2nd Quality.
35 PHOTOS. 7. View of the tea-gardens and factory. 8. „ „ „ „ factory. 9. Producing robusta tree. 10. 11 months old robusta tree. 11. 21 months old robusta plantation. 12. View of one of the coffee establishments. 13. A few of the wild trees. PECALONGANSCHE CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ. (Consignees Mees & Moens, Rotterdam). Samples. Liberian Coffee (Kedondong estate). „ „ „ (Wonodadi „ ). „ cocoa. Different (Kedondong „ ). Mace and nutmegs. Cubebs. PHOTOS. 14. House of the Estate manager. 15. 5—6 year old Liberian coffee trees. 16. 18 year old Liberian coffee trees. 17. 3 year old cocoa trees. CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ SOEMBER -SENGKARENG. (Consignees Mees & Moens, Rotterdam). Samples Java Coffee. „ Cocoa. MAATSCHAPPIJ TOT EXPLOITATIE VAN HET LAND "WIDODAREN". (Consignees Mees & Moens, Rotterdam). Samples Liberian Coffee. „ Cocoa. „ Capoc. „ Ficus rubber.
36 PHOTOS. 18. Java and Liberian coffee trees. 19. Curing of Java coffee. 20. „ of Java cocoa. 21. Transport used on Widodaren estate. 22. Coffee and cocoa drying-bouse. BATJAN ARCHIPELAGO CV. OF ROTTERDAM LTD. (Consignees Mees & Moens, Rotterdam.) The Island of Batjan is situated between 0° 13' to 0° 55' Northern Latitude and 127' 22' to 128= Eastem Longtitude. lts area is about 50 square miles. It lies on the route of steamers between Australia, China and Japan; it has a beautiful bay with safe anchorage. There is a regular service of the Royal Packet ss. Coy's steamers. The concessions, obtained from the Sultan of Batjan and granted by the Netherland's Government, to the Batjan Archipelago Company of Rotterdam, Ltd., comprising about 350.000 acres, entitling the Company to exercise Agriculture. Mining and Fisheries on their territory, are valid until 1955 and can then be renewed. Rubber, Coffee, Coconut and Tobacco are grown on this land, Gum Copal is produced in large quantities in the woods, which also yield very valuable kinds of wood, as ironwood, ebony etc. The pearl-fisheries produce large quantities of fine mother-of-pearl shells, several highly valuable pearls have been found. Although mining has never been taken up and no serious prospecting has ever been done, there are unmistakable indications of the presence of iron, copper and gold deposits. Samples of Gum Copal as collected on the Company's concessions. 1. Gum Copal marked HSA. z. „ „ ~ rio. o. „ ~ „ rioo. 4. „ „ „ FSA. D. ~ „ ~ rox. o. ~ „ ~ rï>. 7. ~ „ ~ CioA. 8. „ „ „ GS. 9. „ „ „ HIA. 10. „ „ „ HIB. 11. „ „ „ H 2. 12. „ „ „ H 3.
37 13. Gum Copal marked H 4. 14. „ „ „ HFA. 15. „ „ „ HFx. 16. „ „ „ HFxx. Collection of mother of pearl shells fished by the C"V on their pearl diving concessions, showing "blisters". Sample Liberian Coffee. PHOTOS. 1. View of the bay of Laboeka. 2. „ „ „ harbour. 3. „ „ one of the mountains. 4. Part of the Hevea plantation. 5. Rubber nurseries. 6. Pearl, fished in the pearl diving concessions. General map of the island of Batjan.
38 No. 7 Blaauwhoedenveem Company Ltd. AMSTERDAM ROTTERDAM ANTWERP. Joint Stock Company. Established A. D. 1616. Share Capital: Florins 6,000,000.—. Wharfingers. Forwarding agents. Sworn weighers. Warrants issued on which all Bunkers pay advances. Spacious warehouses. Rubbervaults and Sampling Rooms. Storing and liandling of Rubber a speciality. Tbc coloured piaster cast exhibited, represents the warehouse "Santos" situated at Rotterdam opposite the pier where the Brasil steamers discharge. The only Rubber-Cellars in the immediate neighbourhood of steamers carrying this cargo. The Photographs surrounding the cast represent: Amsterdam. Head-Offices with sampling and showrooms Singel 204— 208. Rotterdam. Head-Offices with adjacent warehouses "Neerlands-Indië" and "Schotland". Leuvehaven 227. Antwerp. A busy scène on the River Scheldt near to the offices Ruc Leys 24/26. Amsterdam. Western Block with Rubber vaults on the Commercial Quay. View from the town. Amsterdam. Western Block with Rubber vaults on the Commercial Quay. View from the "IJ". Amsterdam. Eastern Block on the Commercial Quay. Bonded warehouses and General Merchandise. Amsterdam. Bonded warehouse "Dinsdag" in the Entrepot-Docks: Tea, Nutmegs and Mace-floors. Rotterdam. Warehouses "Navigation", "Commerce" and "Industry", opposite the pier of the Holland-America Line. Rotterdam. Plan of warehouse "St Job", in course of construction. Situated in the close vicinity of the pier where the Javasteamers discharge. Rubber cellars and sampling rooms.
39 No. 8. Vriesseveem ComjDany, Limited. AMSTERDAM-ROTTERDAM. Wharfingers, Forwarding Agents, Svvorn Weighers, Warrants Issued. Various Photographs, representing the Company's Headoffices and Warehouses at Amsterdam and Rotterdam. le. Different Interiors of our special Rubber Establishment in the Cold Stores at Amsterdam, where Rubber can be stored, even a long time, without any loss in wcight or quality. 2e. Several Departments of our Cold Stores at Amsterdam. 3e. Our Head-Offices and some of our Warehouses at Amsterdam and Rotterdam. 1. RUKBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stores). Weighing of rubber. (Amsterdam). 2. RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stores). Cutting of rubber. (Amsterdam). 3. RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stores). Cutting of rubber. (Amsterdam). 4. RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stones). Storage of rubber. (Amsterdam).
4 A collaboration with the I. R. T. C. which, on this side, is greatly wished for, is fully assured, thanks to the persons charged with the mana gement of the office. How the Bureau will make its study of the influence of the nature of the raw material and the way of working upon the finished product, is made clear by the installation, bought for this purpose, from the firm of David Bridge and which is shown at the second Rubber exhibition, before being placed at Delft. By this installation, composed of: one washing machine, one mixing machine, one calender, one vulcanizing press and one vulcanizing pan, the Bureau will be able to make all principal products of rubber-manufacture. The graphic representations etc. found on the stand of the Bureau, will finally show, that the importance of the rubber trade and rubber industry for the Netherlands, and all means to be applied in its favour, must be considered as belonging to the task of that Bureau. May the example, given by the Dutch Government in a most liberal way, and deserving much appreciation, lead to imitation, and may a solution of the problems, most important to technical progress and interesting to science, soon be found, by a close collaboration of the authorities of the different countries. The exhibits of the Bureau can be discribed as follows: A I—3. The amount of capital which different countries have invested in rubber-cultivation in the Dutch East Indies, is expressed in about 6 drawings. From these drawings we get a clear idea of the immense growth of the cultivation of rubber since the last exhibition in 1908. The increase was greatest in 1910. In the drawings relating to 1910, is indicated the proportion of the shares issued, and un-issued of the various companies. A 4. This drawing shows vs the total number of companies established on the 3lst of December 1910 in the Dutch East Indies, and how these companies are divided all over Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Riouw. A 5. This drawing shows vs that in the Dutch East Indies, too, the
4 Page. N'umber 47. 11. Fabriek van Chemische Producten. Chemical Factories. Schiedam Ltd. 49. 12. Jean Heybroek, Ironmonger, Baarn, Holland. 50. 13. Firm J. H. de Bussy, Printing works, Amsterdam. 50. 14. Merens Brothers. Rubber and Asbestos works Amsterdam. 51. 15. Nederlandsche Caoutchouc en Gutta Percha Fabriek "St. Joris", Bakker & Zoon. Ridderkerk. Holland. 52. 16. F. J. du Chattel, The Hague. 53 16a. Koloniale Bank, Amsterdam. 54. 16b. N.V. Boeatan, The Hague. West Indian Colonies. 58. 17. Exhibition for the Surinam-Committee. 62. 18. Balata Company Surinama (Consignees Messrs. Weise & Co., Rotterdam i. 62. 19. Balata Company Guyana. (Consignees Messrs. Weise & Co., Rotterdam). 62. 20. A. Knottenbelt & Co., Importers of Colonial produce, Rotterdam. 63. 21. Colonial Museum, Haarlem. East Indian Colonies. 66. 22. Nederlandsche Rubber Maatschappij, Amsterdam. Van Eeghen & Co. 67. 23. Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Amsterdam". 67. 24. Amsterdam Java Rubber Compagnie. The Hague. 68 25. Oost-Java Rubber Maatschappij. Rotterdam. 69. 26. Rotterdam Tapanoeli Cultuur Maatschappij. Rotterdam. 70. 27. Amsterdam Tapanoeli Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij. Amsterdam and Arnhem. 71. 28. Langsar Sumatra Rubber Maatschappij. Rotterdam. 71. 29. Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Soengey Raja. The Hague 72. 30. Sumatra Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Serbadjadi". Amsterdam. 72. 31. Sumatra Caoutchouc Maatschappij. Amsterdam and Brussels. 73. 32. Bantamsche Plantagen Maatschappij. The Hague and Antwerp. 73. 33. Cultuur Maatschappij Nieuw Tjisalak. The Hague and Antwerp. 75. 34. Tjikadoe Rubber Plantage. Amsterdam and Antwerp. 75. 35. Cultuur Maatschappij "Waringin". Amsterdam and Antwerp. 76. 36. The Sennah Rubber Estate Limited. London and Antwerp. 77. 37. The Cultuur Maatschappij Tjibintaro-Plantations. Hulst, (Netherland). 77. 38. Algemeene Belgisch-Javasche Cultuur Maatschappij. Amsterdam and Antwerp. 78. 39. Belgisch-Nederlandsche Cultuur Maatschappij. Amsterdam and Antwerp. 79. 40. Deli-Moeda Plantagen Maatschappij. The Hague and Antwerp. 80. 41. Société Franco-Néerlandaise de Culture et de Commerce. The Hague and Paris. 81. 42. Cultuur Maatschappij Tjondong. The Hague and Paris.
40 5. RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stores). Sampling-room. (Amsterdam). 6. RUBBER ESTABLISHMENT (Cold Stores). Sampling-room. (Amsterdam). 7. COLD STORES. Engine-room. (Amsterdam!. 8. COLD STORES. (Amsterdam). 9. HEAD OFFICE, VRIESSEVEEM LTD. (Amsterdam). 10. WAREHOUSES "SIBYLLA". (Amsterdam). 11. COLD STORES AND WAREHOUSES "PRINS HENDRIK" (Amsterdam). 12. WAREHOUSES "WILHELMINA". (Amsterdam).
41 13. ELECTRIC COFFEE PEELING ESTABLISHMENT "GABAH" (Rotterdam.) 14. WAREHOUSES "DE MOLUKKEN". (Rotterdam.) 15. WAREHOUSES "BRAZILIË". (Rotterdam.) 16. WAREHOUSES "DE WILHELMINAKADE". (Rotterdam.) 17. HEAD OFFICE, VRIESSEVEEM Ltd. (Rotterdam.) IS. COLD STORES, Grapes Departement. (Amsterdam.) 19. COLD STORES, Fruit Departement. (Amsterdam.) 20. CINCHONABARK DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam.) 21. HIDES DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam.)
42 22. SPICES DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam.) 23. GUM DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam). 24. PRESSING OF TOBACCO. (Amsterdam). 25. TOBACCO DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam). 26. CINCHONABARK DEPARTEMENT (Amsterdam). 27. COLLECTION OF CINCHONABARK- AND COCASAMPLES, CINCHONABARK DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam). 28. ELECTR. CINCHONABARK-MILL FOR SAMPLES, CINCHONABARK DEPARTEMENT. (Amsterdam).
43 No. 9 Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (Royal Packet Steam Navigation Company). A concisc sketch of the Company's Origin and Qrowth. The regular steamship-service between the different ports of the Netherlands India Archipelago properly speaking, dates from the last years of the first half of the 19th century. In the beginning a regular service was rhaintained between Batavia, Semarang and Sourabaya by a single steamer, belonging to the Nu-tlier lands India Steam Navigation Company. In 1850 a monthly service between Sourabaya and Macassar was started by way of trial with a single steamer, belonging to a private concern. In the same year the Netherlands India Steam Navigation Company put in a second steamer and a provisory agreement was made by the Netherlands India Government with Mr. Cores de Vries for the maintaining of a regular Steamship-service between Batavia and Padang; Batavia and Macassar via Sourabaya, and Macassar- Menado via Amboina and Ternate. In 1854 a definite agreement was made with Mr. Cores de Vries for a period of five years, on condition that from the lst of June 1554 the following regular services were to be maintained: Batavia, Semarang, Sourabaya, Macassar, Banda, Amboina, Ternate, Menado, Macassar, Sourabaya, Semarang, Batavia. — Batavia, Muntok, Rhio, Singapore and back. In 1854 a contract for a period of 4 years, coming into force from lst of May, was also made with the Netherlands India Steam Navigation Company for the conveyance of the mails from Batavia to Singapore. This contract was extended until 31st May 1859. From this date till the end of 1860 the contract for the mail-service between Batavia and Singapore was granted solely to Mr. Cores de Vries, whose contract for the other services had meanwhile been extented until 3lst May 1865. On the 21st July 1863 a public tender was held for the maintenance of more extended services during a period of 10 consecutive years (1866 1875). Mr. H. V. Rohinson of London offered the lowest tender and obtained the contract, which he transferred to the Netherlands India Steam Navi gation Company. This Company afterwards was the lowest subscriber for the public tender held in January 1874 for a period of 15 years (1876—1890).
44 In 1888 negotiations were opened for the maintenance of the mail services in the Archipelago during the period 1891- -1905 and the contract was given to the Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij of Amsterdam, established in August of that year. The capital of the Company was fixed at 6,000,000. — Guilders. The necessary steps were immediately taken for the building of new steamers, duly fitted for tropical service. Originally 13 steamers were built, all on Dutch wharves, delivered in due time, and despatched to India. The Head-Agency was established at Batavia and everything put in working-order, so that on the lst of January 1891 the Company could be in full swing. The different services under contract were 13 in number. Early in 1889 an agreement was made with the Netherlands India Steam Navigation Company to the effect that from lst January IS9I this Company was to cease carrying on any further steamship business in the Archipelago, the Royal Packet Steam Navigation Company taking over from their predecessors sixteen steamers, coal-stocks, warehouses and wharves, etc. With this fleet of about 30,000 tons gross the services were started and the Company was enabled to considerably increase the traffic in the Archipelago, which was done gradually and by which' trade, industry and agriculture could not fail to be greatly benefited. It would carry vs too far to give a detailed report of everything that has been done from the beginning to bring about the Company's present flourishing state and we must therefore confine ourselves to the most important details. From the year 1896 the fleet was considerably increased whilst new steamers are still continually being added and the fleet now consists of 74 steamers with a gross tonnage of 114.000 tons, of which 54 are passenger-steamers, 16 cargo-steamers and 4 sternwheelers for river-service. Six steamers together 14,000 tons gross are still in course of construction. The Company will certainly be allowed some justifiable pride, when looking back on the results attained by their efforts to promote trade and prosperity in the Archipelago by increasing the traffic as much as possible. A comparison of the steamer connections during the first five years with those of the present date shows that these are about doubled, the total of the regular ports of call having undergone at least the same increase. The Company's exertions, however, have not been confined to the Archipelago alone; since about three years a regular service has been opened to Eastern Australia, whilst a line to Bangkok (Siam) has been started some months ago. Against a distance of about 188,000 geogr. miles, covered by the
45 Company in 1891, this total was increased to 511,155 miles in 1910 (equal to 2,044,620 nautical miles). The total number of passengers conveyed in 1909 was 474,416, whilst about a million tons of cargo were carried. The modern passenger steamers have up to date accommodation for lst and 2nd class passengers. All steamers are fitted with electric light, several with refrigerating plant, fans, etc. By means of 46 regular services, 259 ports throughout the Netherlands India Archipelago are connected with the outer world. No. 10. Internationale Ouano- en Superphosphaatwerken (International Guano- and Superphosphate works). ZWIJNDRECHT (Holland). ALL GRADES OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. Albatros Brand. OUR MODERN FACTORIES Our factories rank among the newest and most modernly equipped on the continent, are supplied with costly, laborsaving machinery, and we turn out a highly-finished product, thorougly assimilated and in the best mechanical condition. Our fertilizers are vastly superior in this respect to those made by old fashioned methods; not only can they be applied more evenly, but, being finely ground, and perfectly assimilated, will give better results in the field thau fertilizers that are unevenly ground and imperfectly mixed. Our goods are manufactured with the greatest care. We use nothing but the very best materials. We employ a large staff of the most able and thoroughly experienced chemists and engineers at the factory and they give their personal supervision to every ton of goods that passes through our milis.
46 OUR SHIPPING FACILITIES Our shipping facilities are unsurpassed, possibly it is not too mucli to say, they are unequalled, especially for Export, by large Mailsteamers and sailing-vessels which pass through our 22 feet deep Waterway to our own quays at tne works. SUPERIOR CONDITION OF OUR FERTILIZERS We desire, tliat buyers wili particularly notice the meclianical and chemical condition of our goods. They are manufactured many months before they are shipped. They lic in bulk, so that all the materials become thoroughly assimilated and to this fact their excellence is also largely due. OUR BAGS GUARANTEED TO REACH BUYERS IN PERFECT CONDITION. The goods are sacked in new bags of the best quality on the day of shipment. The perfect chemical condition (minimum of free acids) of our fertilizers is a warrant that the bags will reach buyers in a perfect condition. RUBBER MANURE. We beg to draw the special attention of those interested, to our Rubber Manure. Good results will be obtained by giving each tree 3 times a quantity of about 1 lbs. at intervals of about three weeks, whilst for each year of the tree's age the manure has to be brought into the soil one foot from the trunk. Prices on application. Visit our Stand at the Rubber Exhibition.
47 No. 11. Fabriek van Chemische Producten. (Chemical Factories, Schiedam, Limited). SCHIEDAM (Holland). Bottles containing two coagulation mediums for Rubber, viz: Acetic Acid 96/99 % and Formic Acid 90 %. These products are sent out either in Demi-johns or in small barrels, which kinds of packing are exhibited. Formic Acid and Acetic Acid. Mr. Victor Henri has found that a cöagulation of rubber has to take place in acid solution, because the cöagulation of the ordinary alcaline latex with other compounds gives agglutination. i. e. forms a non-elastic inferior product. This is the reason that the use of organic acids for the cöagulation of rubber, as our products are formic acid and acetic acid, has increased during the last years. The advantages of these cöagulation mediums are : 1. That they are not dangerous in handling, and not poisonous. 2. That they can be easily shipped in cheap packings as demijohns or wooden casks. 3. That they are economical. 4. That by indirect action they increase the usefulness of ammonia and formaldehyde, so as diminish the quantity of scrap rubber. 5. Tl'iat these mediums can be used without a mechanica! installation, although they can be very well used with the Michie Colledge coagu lator or K.L. coagulator. To those advantages, which are the same for Formic Acid as for Acetic Acid, we might add, that Formic Acid has very antiseptic properties, so that any addition of carbolic acid during the cöagulation is unnecessary. Both acids are applied as follows:
48 Add to 100 parts latex 4 to 5 parts of only 5 °/ o Formid Acid solution. The coagulation can be considered to be finished as soon as the liquid at the bottom has become quite clear. Spence warns against the use of too strong a solution, and says that a solution should by no means be stronger than 10 %. Herbert Wriqht, the well known specialist on Hevea-cultum says: "The acid should be added in order to neutralise or faintly acidify the latex, it is better to determine the exact quantity required than to add too much". With reference to the last, it will be well to determine the quantity wliich has to be used. Wright determines the quantity to be used as follows: "The whole quantity of latex that has to be coagulated is put in a tank, and is diluted until the liquid reaehes a certain mark, so that the exact volume of the liquid is known. Then the liquid is carefully stirred and a sample of about 500 c. c.M. is taken. To this sample diluted Formic Acid of a well known fixed strength is added, in drops, for instance out of a measureglass till Ihe whole of the liquid, after having been shaken, is only neutral or faintly acid. This is to be controlled with lacmoïdpaper: blue paper may only show a feeble red, red paper must remain unchanged. From the acid used for this trial the total quantity can easily be found. This method can be applied everywhere, and only takes little time". We shall be pleased to give full information about prices etc. of these acids, which are shown, with the different packings used. The close vicinity of the works to Rotterdam warrants prompt shipment of every quantity.
49 No. 12. Firm Jean Heybroek, Ironmonger, BAARN, Netherland. Rubberprickers and Rubber tapping K,nives. The Knives I introducé are easily to regulate as to the depth of the cut, moreover they can be sharpened very conveniently. The prickers are of an unchanging construction made entirely of wrought iron. They are very easy to handle and are specially to be recommended for Hevea rubber, on account of the long prick they make. For Ceara-rubber trees I introducé a new sort of pricker with strong square rowels. They can be made to carry as many rowels as desired. In this case, extra dummies or washers are provided for screwing in the haft, should it be necessary to reduce, say a 12 rowel tapper to six only. Besnard Sprayers. The advantages of the Sprayer „Besnard" are: 1. They are made entirely of copper. On special order also to be had in copper sheathed with lead. 11. The pump and all movable parts are placed at the outside of the machine and have no contact with the liquid. 111. The movable parts, liable to wearing out soon, are to be replaced at a low price. The price of such a machine is about the same as that of the other sprayers, which have not these advantages. The sprayer can be easily carried on the back; its form being such as to prevent the sprayer from falling off. The Bamboo-Cane. The Cane is provided with a copper tube and can be easily handled by the same person, who attends the sprayer. You can easily spray to the top of the trees, with hardly any exertion. i
5 Page. Nomber. 81. 43. Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij Tapanoeli. The Hague and Paris. 81. 44. Sumatra Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij. The Hague and Paris. 82. 45. Siboga Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij. The Hague and Paris. 83. 46. Caoutchouc Cultuur Maatschappij Kalitengah. The Hague and Paris. 83. 47. Dolok Baros Caoutchouc en Koffie Cultuur Maatschappij, The Hague and Bern, Switzerland. 84. 48. The Rubber Estate Agency. London. for the following companies: a. Bandar Sumatra Rubber Company, Limited. b. Serdang Central Plantations, „ c. Glen Bervie Rubber Company. „ d. Langkat Sumatra Rubber Company, „ e. The Tamiang Rubber Estates, „ ƒ. Java Amalgamated Rubber Estates, „ 85. 49. Java Para Rubber Estates, Limited. London. 87. 50. The Tangoel Rubber Estates, Limited. „ 87. 51. The United Sumatra Rubber Estates, Ltd. „ 88. 52. The Sumatra Para Rubber Plantations Ltd. „ 88. 53. The United Serdang (Sumatra) Rubber Plantations. Ltd. London. 89. 54. The Sialang Rubber Estates, Ltd. London. 89. 55. The Siak Sumatra Rubber Estates, Ltd. London. 90. 56. The Pakan Baroe Rubber Estates. London. 90. 57. South East Borneo Rubber Plantations, Ltd. London. 90. 58. Galang Besar Rubber Plantations. Ltd. London. 91. 59. The Indragiri (Sumatra) Rubber and Gutta Percha Company, Ltd. London The Netherlands' Indian Commission. 94. 60. Department of Agriculture. 95. 61. Division of Forestry. 96. 62. Government Gutla-Percha and Rubber Plantations at Tjipetir (Preanger Regencies). 96. 63. General Experimental Station at Salatiga. 96. 64. Royal Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at Batavia. 97. 65. Rubber Planters' Association at Bandoeng (West-Javai. 97. 66. Association of Leaseholders in Djocja and Solo. 9S. 67. Malang Agricultural Society. 98. 68. Association for the Advancement of Agriculture and Industry at Djember. 100. 69. General Union of rubber-planters of the East Coast of Sumatra at Medan (Dcli). 100. 70. Pamanoekan and Tjiassem land exploitation Company. Batavia Residency, Java. 101. 71. "Ngrangkah" Cultivation Co. (Kediri Residency, Java).
5 cultivation of rubber is strongly extended, and that the surface taken up by it in the Dutch Colonies amounts to l / 4 of the entire surface occupied by rubber-cultivation in Asia. A 6. Export of Balata from Surinam during the years 1891 — 1910. We sec that the export of this product, which was small in the beginning, has greatly increased, especially during the last three years, and that it is now to be considered as one of the most important articles of export of Surinam. B 1. Influence of the temperature on the determination of the elasticity of vulcanized rubber, by means of the elastometer P.B. The determination of elasticity with this apparatus rests on the following principle: A small steel ball is dropped from a fixed height on to the rubber to be examined, which must have, if possible, the shape of a small sheet. One must notice to what height the steel ball rebounds. With the help of the so-found values, a comparison can be made between the different kinds of rubber. It is, however, necessary to examine what factors exert an influence upon the results of the experiment. The figures A —C show the results of tests made on vulcanized rubber, at different temperatures. Figure A. In the triangle ABC, ABthen represents the altitude of fall of the ball (amounting to 250 m.M.) while on BC, upwards from point B is marked, to what height the ball rebounded at different temperatures (AB = BC). The contents of A ABC represents the labour, which is communicated by the ball to the rubber at the end of its fall. The red lines now show vs, which part of that labour has been absorbed by the rubber at several temperatures and which part of that labour is given back to the ball by the rubber. Figure B. This figure shows vs most clearly, that the ball always rebounded higher with increasing temperature, thus, the rubber becomes more elastic with an increase of temperature. From the shape of the curve it may be deduced that the increase of elasticity is greatest in the beginning. It is then to be expected, that this increase will be equal to naught, with temperatures higher than those, at which the measurements were taken (maximum 97 3 C.) and it is probable, that the increase of elasticity will finally turn into a decrease. Figure C. We have seen, that with an increase of temperature, the ball rebounded to a higher point. We have calculated to what height
50 No. 13. Firm J. H. de Bussy, Booksellers, Printers and Publishers, 60/62, Rokin, AMSTERDAM. Various publications relating to the Rubber industry in the Netherlands Colonies. Books, Periodicals and Maps referring to the Dutch Colonies, ainongst which some refer specially to the cultivation of Hevea. Mercury Code 3 r<l Edition. Manual of cultivation and commercial enterprise in the Netherlands East- and West-Indian Colonies. Dr. P. J. S. Cramer's: The Cultivation of Hevea. „ „ „ English Edition. French Rubber Producing trees in Surinam. „ „ „ „ „ French Edition. Map of the Netherlands East-Indian Archipelago. „ „ Eastcoast of Sumatra. „ Java. No. 14. Merens Brothers, Rubber Manufacturers, at HAARLEM (Holland). India Rubber and Asbestos and Ebonite Ooods for domestic and Technical and Electro-technical use.
51 No. 15. Nederlandsche Caoutchouc en Gutta Percha Fabriek St. Joris, Bakker & Zoon, at RIDDERKERK (Holland). India Rubber sheets, Valves, mats, buffers, balls, air cushions, gas bags, water hoses, steam hoses, vacuüm hoses, asbest Rubber packings, asbest compound sheeting "Sint Joris", cord, tubing, billardstrips, horse shoe pads, carriage tyres, pneumatic tyres, etc. The "Nederlandsche Caoutchouc- en Gutta-Percha Fabriek St. Joris", Bakker & Son, Ridderkerk, established in 1879, commenced by making technical rubber articles and has successively enlarged to the present state. It was the first and yet the only Dutch factory that applied it, self to make Pneumatics and its "Bakker-Tyres" enjoy since more than 20 years an excellent repute as well in the Netherlands as in Dutch-India, South-Africa, etc. The Pneumatics are made exclusively of Fine Para-rubber, without any surrogate, waste rubber or| such like and its makers are one of the very few manufacturers, who use pure para-rubber for their pneumatics. Also the multiplex canvas is woven in their own works. It was the rapid progress of Electricity that prompted the firm to start the manufacture of vulcanite-articles in that branch and at present they may state with some pride that they have a great number of customers in this line as: Electrical Works, Electr. plants, Electr. Tramways, etc. for ebonite plates, tubes, handles, forks etc. The establishment of a special Asbest-Compound Department, some time ago, necessitated a new extension; this article is put on the market under the name of "Sintjorit" and is known to be of first quality and used in the largest factories. Except their special articles as: "Bakker-Tyres" and "Sintjorit" they make nearly All Technical Rubber-, Asbestos-, Gutta-Percha-, and Ebonite articles and also: Suction- and High-Pressure Hoses for Water, Steam, Air, Petrol, Benzine, Strong Acids and cachother special purpose, Conveying Belts, Mats, Rolling-covers, Deckle-Straps etc. Messrs. Bakker & Son apply themselves specially to producing finest and [medium-qualities and do not make inferior (s.e. export-) qualities.
52 No. 16. Exhibition of Dutch East Indian Water-colour-paintings by Fred. J. du Chattel, Dutch landscape-painter, London. Specification of the water-colour-paintings of F. J. du Chattel, Esq. 1. Mount Penang Goengang at Prambon near Krian. (Sourabaya, Java). 2. Lake Klakah. (East Java). 3. Missigit at Pasaroean. (Java). 4. Kampong (native village)with sawahfield at Sindanglaya. (Preanger,Java). 5. Kampong at Nongka Djajar. Tengger mountains near Tosari. (East Java). 6. Ravine at Tjandi near Samarang. (Java). 7. Fishpond at Pasoeroean. 8. Morning in the Virginal Forest at Tjibodas (Java). 9. Coolie-huts on the beach at Poeloe Sambo. (Near Singapore). 10. Sawah (Rice field) at Garoet. (Preanger, Java). 11. Government-road at Banjoebiroe. (Near Pasaroean, Java). 12. Sawah at Garoet. (Preanger, Java). 13. Tobacco-field under Bekalla near Medan. (Sumatra). 14. Ripe „Paddi" (rice) at Garoet. (Preanger, Java). Fred. J. du Chattel is the first artist who has brought to our Europe, overfed with too well-known pictorial subjects, all the charms of nature in the tropics. A two-years' stay in the Dutch East Indies gave him the opportunity for fine studies there, and he has understood all the violent, almost exasperated ardour of this luxurious vegetation, bordering on the excessive and the grotesque, where colours burst forth, one by the side of the other, in the shrillest and most bizarre contrasts as on the palet of an impressionist-artist and yet blend together to undeniable and ricb harmony. Fred. J. du Chattel has caught the shades and has called them to new life under bis brush as the great poet Leconte de Lisle knew how to evoke them in bis marmorean verse. Fred. J. du Chattel was not dependent on the different exhibitions at Sourabaya, Semarang, Batavia, Djocja and Singapore to establish his considerable reputation, neither upon those that subsequently took place in Holland (Pulchri Studio), in all of which he had an enormous success. Bom at Leyden in 1856, he at first went to a drawing school, but soon went to the Academy of Art at the Hague, where, at the age of seventeen, he was endowed by King William 111,
53 with an annuity. But the young man's talent was of those which escape from the narrowing bonds of academie teaching and he was his own real master, having Nature and open air for his studio. Is it necessary to mention, in this short notice, his successes first at Berlin, then at Munich? In 1891 he was rewarded with the gold-medal and nominated Knight of the order of St. Michael of Bavaria. Among the other distinctions which he obtained during his career, I shall quote the cross of the order of Leopold, that of the order of Orange-Nassau wich he received from the hands of H. M. Wilhelmina, Queen of Holland. The Hague and Amsterdam possess numerous pictures by his hand and are justly proud of them. (Sote on Frkd. J. Ne Chattel by M. Bouchbby de Geahdtal in the Revu* ifodernt tnuisliittMl from the L-Vencn). No. 16a. Koloniale Bank. AMSTERDAM. Series, of artistic photographs representing various views in the Netherlands East lndian Colonies. PHOTOS. 1. Bandoe Goenting. Bridge over the river Opak. 2. Wonosarie. Irrigation works. 3 4 11 11 „ -*• n ii ii O. „ ~ „ 7. Reclearing. 8. Ledgeriana erop. 9. Indigo field. 10. Indigo factory with weighing bridge. 11. Indigo factory. 12. Drying establishment (old system). 13. Djati Roenggo. Sorting of cocoa. 14. "Rini" Ceara rubber etc. 15. "Djaboong" Ficus elastica etc. 16. "Pedji—Ombo" Pieking Java Coffee.
54 17. "Rini" Liberia Coffee plantation. 18. "Pidji Ombo" Java Coffee plantation. 19. "Djaboong" Robusta Coffee. 20. "Rini" Hybrid Coffee etc. 21. "Pedji Ombo" Coffee erop. 22. „Praji Ombo" Coffee pulping. 23. "Praji Ombo" Coffee sorting. No. 16b. N. V. Boeatan, Heulstraat 19, THE HAGUE. A collection of Netherlands East-Indian art-industry products (THESE GOODS ARE FOR SALE). 1. 1 Kettle (antique) £ 2.18. 4 2. 1 Gendi „ 1.—.10 3. 1 Dish on stand „ 1. —.10 4. 1 „ „ „ „ 1-—-10 5 1 15 — 6. 1 „ „ „ „ 1.-. -7. 1 „ „ „ „ -.16. 8 8. 1 „ „ „ „ 1. 5. — 9. 1 Kettle „ 1.13. 4 10. 1 Vase on stand „ 2.18. 4 11. 1 Kettle „—. 8. 4 12. 1 Tobacco-box „ 1. 5.— 13. 1 Bowl „—. 8. 4 14. 1 Tobacco-box „ 1. —.10 15. 1 „ „ „—. 7. 6 16. 1 „ „ „ 1.—.10 17. 1 „ „ „-. 5. -18. 1 „ , „-.8. 4 19. 1 Bowl „—. 4. 2 20. 1 , -. 4. 2
55 21. 1 Box £ —.14. 2 22. 1 Lamp 5.—.— 23. 1 , „ 8. 6. 8 24. 1 Gong „ 1.16. 8 25. 1 Bowl —.16. 8 26. 1 „ „ 2. 1. 8 27. 1 „ „ —.16. 8 28. 1 Bell „ 1.10.— 29. 1 Brass-bowl „—. 3.— 30. 1 „ „ „-. 2. 1 31. 1 Cachepot „ —.16. 8 32. 1 , „ 1.-. -33. 1 Dish „ —.16. 8 34. 1 Bowl „—.!.— 35. 1 Box „—. 5.10 36. 1 Apingindish „ 1.13. 4 37. 1 Vase ,—. 6. 6 38. 1 Bowl „—. 5.— 39. 1 Kettle ...» 1. 3. 4 40. 1 Kendi „ 1. 6 8 41. 1 Box „ —.14. 2 42. 1 Dish „—. 8. 4 43. 1 Vase „—. 3. 9 44. 1 Wajang-doll , 45. 1 „ „ f 46. 1 47. 1 „ „ \ 48. 1 „ „ ! ( » —• 6. 8 \ „ - 5. -„ —. 4. 7 I n —• 6. 8 ( „ —• 3. 4 used in native theatricals 49. 1 Batikan „ —.11. 4 50. 1 „ „ 2. 1. S 51. 1 „ 1. 5.— 52. 1 , ■ . . . „ 2. 1. 8 53. 1 „ „ 1. 2. 8 54. 1 Weapon , —.10.10 55. 1 „ „ —.13. 4 56. 1 „ 2. 1. 8 57. 1 „ „ —.15.10 58. 1 „ „ —.11. 7 59. 1 , „ 1. 9. 2 60. 1 „ , —.10.— 61. 1 „ ,—. 9. 2 62. 1 , „ 1.-.-
56 63. 12 Chains £ 3.—.— 64. 4 Bags „—. 3. 4 65. 4 , „—. 4. 8 66. 1 Bag „—. I.— 67. 2 Bags —. 2. 4 68. 1 Bag „—. 1. 8 69. 1 , „ -.-. 7 70. 2 Bags „—. 5. 8 71- 4 „-. 4. -72. 1 Bag ■...„—. 1. 8 73. 3 Bags .' „—. 2. 3 74. 2 Bags „ —. 1.10 75. 1 Box „ —.16. 8 76. 1 „ „ —.16. 8 77. 1 , „ 1.-. -78. 1 , „ -.12. 6 79. .6 Penholders , —.15.— 80. 6 Butterknives „—. B.— 81. 1 Box „ 1.10.10 82. 1 „ „-.8. 6
57 West Indian Colonies
58 No. 17 EXHIBITS OF THE SURINAM-COMMITTEE. A. Of the above-named comtnittee. No. 1. Living plants Minusop glubosa. „ 2. Living plants Hevea guyanensis. „ 3. Graphic plan giving the production and the areas granted for the exploitation of Balata for the years 1893/1910 madeby Mr. J.A. Polak. The graphic plan is made of bolletree-wood, framed by "brown heart", inlaid with some ornaments of "pearl wood" and the "purperhart" faces, which indicate the production and the areas are made of the milk from the bolletree. „ 4. Pamphlet dealing with Para-rubber culture in Surinam, A. W. Drost, Assistent Agronom to the Department of Agriculture Surinam. Published by J. H. de Bussy. Amsterdam. „ 4a. Pamphlet "On the Balata Industry in Surinam". by Mr. F. Oudschands Dentz. B. Of the Department of Agriculture. No. 5. Photo representing 5 year old Heveas on "Wederzorg". 6 5 „ 7. „ „ 9 „ „ „ with Cocoa interplanted on "Jagtlust". „ 8. Photo representing 9 year old Heveas with Cocoa interplanted on "Jagtlust". „ 9. Photo representing 5 year old Heveas on "Waterland". „ 10. „ „ U/2 year old Heveas from the botanie garden. „ 11. 25 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 4.4 Kgr. (9.7 lb.) (smooth). „ 12. 14 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 3.1 Kgr. (6.8 lb.) (rippled). „ 13. 22 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 4 Kgr. (9 lb.) (squared). „14. 1 Sheet Rubber of Hevea guyanensis, weighing 1.5 Kgr. (3.3 lb.). „ 15. 12 Flat pieces Rubber of Kickxia elastica weighing 2.5 Kgr. (5.5 lb.). C. Of the Department of Forestry. No. 16. 25 Pieces Hevea guyanensis, weighing 15.6 Kgr. (34.5 lb.). „ 17. 2 Strings Rubber balls of Hevea guyanensis, weighing 0.75 Kgr. (1.65 lb.). „18. 1 Sheet Balata, weighing 8.7 Kgr. (19 lb.).
59 D. Of the District Governor of Marowyne. No. 19. 6 Whips made of Balata. „ 20. 10 Balata-laces. „ 21. Description of the manufacture of Balata-whips. E. Of the Plantation "Johannesburg". No. 22. Photo representing Hevea-nursebeds on the Plantation "Johannes burg". F. Of the Plantation "Mon Tre'sor". No. 23. Photo representing 7 year old Heveatrees, with 4 year old Cocoa trees interplanted. „ 24. Photo representing 7 year old Heveatrees, with 4 year old Cocoa trees interplanted. „ 25. Photo representing 4 year old Hevea-fields. 26 4 » u . it ii ii ii >> „ 27. 8 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 0.975 Kgr. (2.15 lb.). G. Of the Plantation "Nieuw Clarenbeek". No. 28. 42 Flat pieces Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 6 Kgr. (13 lb.). „ 29. 40 Biscuits Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 4 Kgr. (9 lb.). H. Of the Plantation "De Nieuwe Grond". No. 30. Photo representing 8 year old Heveatrees. ii -3 1 ■ „ ii ® ii ii ii 32 4 „ 33. „ „ 18 months old Heveatrees. „ 34. „ „ 7' 2 year „ „ 35. „ „ a 4 „ „ Hevea-field. „ 36. „ „ „18 months' old „ „ 37. „ „ an alley of 7 1 ., year old Heveatrees. „ 38. 5 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 1.075 Kgr. (2.36 lb.). /. Of the Plantation " Vriendsbeleid en Ouderzorg". No. 39. Photo representing Hevea tapping on "Vriendsbeleid en Ouderzorg". „ 40. Photo representing Hevea tapping on "Vriendsbeleid en Ouderzorg". „ 41. 19 Flat pieces Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 2.75 Kgr. (6 lb.). K Of the Plantation " Voorburg". No. 42. 68 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 14 Kgr. (31 lb.).
6 Page. Knmber. 101. 72. The "Koeion Bambang" Plantation (Manager Mr. Nic. van Delden) Kediri Residency, Java. 102. 73. The "Pasir Ajoenan' Plantation (Manager Mr. E. Gruenewald) Bantam Residency, Java. 102. 74. Langkapoera Rubber Estate Ltd. (Manager Mr. A. Paulmann) Lampong Districts Residency, Sumatra. 103. 75. The "Tjirandji" Plantation. (Manager Mr. H. F. F. Stennekes) Preanger Regencies, Java. 103. 76. The "Tjoeroeg" Plantation, (Manager Mr. L. G. de Vos van Nederveen Cappel) Batavia Residency, Java. 103. 77. The "Pasir Oetjing" Plantation (Manager Mr. W. Volz, Preanger Regencies, Java).
6 the increase amounted for every degree of augmentation of temperature. These differences with regard to the temperature, were drawn on a scale 100 times larger and gave the red broken line as result. From this it is proved, that the difference of augmentation of tempe rature per degree was not regular, except during the interval of temperature from 15' to 19° C. Experience has taught vs, as is shown by the foregoing, that measurements made with the elastometer P. B. without indicating at the same time the temperature at that moment, are absolutely worthless. B 2. A Photograph of the Elastometer P.B. We sec the apparatus ready for use. The sheet of rubber, to be examined, is clearly seen. B 3. Sketches of comparative experiments of tensile strength with dif ferently shaped samples. These diagrams are the results of trials made with the dynamometer P.B. As we know, this apparatus has a contrivance for the automatical registering of diagrams, indicating the relationship between force and elasticity, which elasticity is measured by this contrivance over the whole length of the sample. The first object of the tests made by the Bureau, was chiefly to examine to what degree the elasticity, automatically registered, agreed with that directly measured with the prismatic part of the testing-rod, with a length of 2 c.M. The examinations were performed by means of differently shaped samples, which also had been used by Memmler and Schob, mentioned in „Mitteilungen aus dem K. Materialprüfungsamt 1909 fourth volume". A drawing of these samples is added to the diagrams. The red lines in the diagrams relate to the measurements taken on the prismatic part, the black lines refer to those automatically registered by the dynamometer. The diagrams representing the average of the results of different measurements, it was necessary to indicate the minimum force in the diagrams when the sample broke; this was indicated by a line of blue dots. B 4. Printed matters referring to the analysis of raw Rubber. A circular, the same as that which was sent by the Bureau to rubber importers, manufacturers, and brokers in Holland, in February 1911, in which is expressed how desirable it would be, to show the results of a chemical analysis of raw rubber offered for sale, is laid out for inspection. This chemical analysis does not aim at climinating empirie determination
60 L. Of t/ie Plantation "Jagtlust". No. 43. 22 Sheets Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis, weighing 2.35 Kgr. (5.20 lb.). „ 44. 5Va Kgr. rubber Castilloa elastica. M. Of the Plantation " Waterland". No. 45. 0.9 Kgr. rubber Hevea brasiliensis. NOTES RE THE MANUFACTURE OF WHIPS MADE OF BALATA. Quantity of Balata to be used. It is well known that about 2 lbs. Balata are used for the manufacture of 5 or 6 ordinary whips, which makes about 0.397 lb. for each whip. Manufacture. Cut from a sheet the quantity indicated above and steep it in very warm or boiling water in order to make the Balata elastic. As soon as it is sufficiently elastic, withdraw the piece and place it on the working table (table of 1 Metre length at least by 0.20 or 0.30 breadth well planed, if marble is not obtainable) which must be continually kept moist with cold water — draw out the Balata and roll it by hand, giving it the shape of the whip — the left hand to be used for making the tapered end, the right one for making the thick end. At the beginning of the work both hands are used simultaneously for stretching the Balata and rolling it, in order to lengthèn it and give it the round shape. The whip being finished, it must be thrown into cold water and left in sufficiently long to cool. Colouring. For the colouring of the Balata, only powdered products must be made use of: lampblack, ultramarine blue, red and yellow ochre, spanish white etc. Each colour must be used separately. » Preparation. Take a sheet Balata of about 0.33 to 0.44 lb., immerse it in boiling water in order torender it elastic and smooth. When this is obtained (one or two minutes generally suffice) retire it, then stretch it in all directions by hand in such a way as to form a flat plaque of 0.10 to 0.15 from the side to the centre
61 pour the quantity of the powdered colour (the colour which one has selected — green, yellow, black, red etc.) on to the plaque, fold over the sides A. B. C. D. such as to hold the colour together, then strongly knead the ends by hand — the lump may become cold again, it must be thrown in boiling water, in which it must be left for 30 seconds to one minute, then be retired and kneaded again till the Balata has got a uniform colour. Application of the coloars. For applying different colours on natural Balata, one must take small pieces of the colours which one wishes to use, so if one wants a whip with various colours, blue, white and red, one has to begin with making strips of these colours and put the Balata in boiling water in order torender it elastic. Preparation of the strips of colour. To make same, take a small piece of balata prepared red or blue or white and throw it in boiling water, in order torender it soft and very stretchable (some seconds), then withdraw and stretch on the moist working table, draw out by hand and roll till it will have obtained the uniform thickness of a shoe lace. This done, it must be put in cold water and not be withdrawn before making use of it. We have seen how a whip and the colours are prepared. We now have to say how a whip with variegated colours is made. Take a piece of balata of 160 to 200 grammes (0,397 to 0,441 lb.) immerse it in boiling water in order torender it elastic. As soon as sufficient elasticity is obtained, make out this piece of balata a flat sheet of 0,15 length by 0,05 or 0,06 breadth, on the surface apply the strips of coloured balata that have previously been steeped in boiling water in order to make them as soft as possible, then this piece must again be immersed in boiling water and withdrawn after about 30 secunds, fold one end of the sheet on the other, leaving the strips of coloured balata on the outside. After this, push in with the thumbs the balata which the folding up may have caused to bulge out, sothat there are no empty spaces inside. Then put on the working table and roll, as described above, in order to give the spiral arrangement to the colours, hold the end of the whip with the left hand, while the right hand executes a slight rotatory movement from backwards to forwards and from the centre to the thick end of the whip; these rotatory movements are according to the form of spiral one wishes to obtain. While moving, keep some seconds in position all the time. The whip made, place it in cold water in order torender it hard. Sometimes little designs are used to decorate the whip, which is effected by strips of colour, rendéred elastic by warm water, and stuck on by hand.
62 No. 18. BALATA COMPAGNIE SURINAME. Consignees Weise & Co. 58 Boompjes, Rotterdam, (Representative at Paramaribo H. Benjamins LL. D.) Plan showing total production and production of the Company (for merly the Firm of J. G. Von Hemert) of Surinam-sheet Balata. Various samples of mercantile sheet balata, purified and impurified, Rolled balata, Trunks of Bolletree. (Mimusops Balata). No. 19. BALATA COMPAGNIE GUANA. Consignees Weise & Co. 58 Boompjes, Rotterdam. (Representative at Paramaribo J. M. Da Costa). Various samples of Balata. No. 20. A. KNOTTENBELT & Co., ROTTERDAM Merchants. 1. Estate Nieuwgrond 8 years old Heveas. 2. „ „ Bleeding an 8 years old Hevea. 3. „ „ 8 years old Heveas. 4. „ „ Doublé row of 8 years old Heveas. 5. „ „ 1' L , years old Hevea-trees interplanted with coffee. 6. „ „ 4 years old Heveas. 7. „ „ 4 years old Heveas. 8. „ „ 1V 2 years old Heveas. 9. „ „ li/ 2 years old Heveas interplanted with coffee. 10. „ „ 4 years old Heveas. 11. Estate Mon Trésor 4 years old Heveas. 12. „ „ „ Hevea Nurseries. 13. „ „ „ 7 years old Heveas and 4 years old Cocoa trees. 14. „ „ „ 7 years old Heveas and 4 years old Cocoa trees. 15. „ „ „ 4 years old Heveas. 16. Estate of Mon Trésor Part of Hevea Nurseries. 17. Estate of Johannisburg Hevea Nurseries.
63 No. 21. KOLONIAAL MUSEUM, HAARLEM. (COLONIAL-MUSEUM) Samples. a. Sample 3.70 K.G. Hevea-guyanensis rubber. b. „ 1.70 „ „ brasiliensis „ "De nieuwe Grond estate". c. „ 0.80 „ „ „ (7 — 8 years old trees) "Nieuw Clarenbeek estate". d. Sample 4. — K.G. Hevea-brasiliensis (12years old trees) "Waterlandestate". e. Sample 1.70 K.G. Scraps Hevea-brasiliensis "Waterland estate". f. 12 Balata-whips. g. Small box containing seeds and fruit peels of Hevea guyanensis. h. Hevea-seeds (Hevea-brasiliensis) 7 —B years old, Hevea-trees "Nieuw Clarenbeek estate". k. Deers-head made of Balata. /. Chicken made of Balata. m. Sculpture (woman with fish on her head). 7 samples submarine telegraph-cables. 1 Vase of Getah Percha, made by Borneo natives. 2 Golfballs of Getah Percha. 1 Bottle of Getah Percha. 1 large isolator of irongutta. 1 plaque of irongutta. 1 cable of 507 M. length on wood bobin.
65 s East-Indian Colonies
66 No. 22. NEDERLANDSCHE RUBBER-MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Heerengracht 464, Amsterdam. Estates: Soengei Mangka, Soengei Poetih, Kotangan and Liberta, East coast of Sumatra, Serdang District. Rubber-samples (Sumatra). One large map of plantations. One map of Serdang. One map showing different estates on Sumatra. Rubber-trees with incisions. Four original sterns of Hevea trees of different ages cut on a length of two metres of the Soengei Poetih estate. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Ficus. Name and address: Nederlandsche Rubber Maatschappij, Amsterdam. Name and situation of the estate: Kotangan, Eastcoast Sumatra, distr. Dcli and Serdang, Station Galang. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 42 M. Average annual rainfall on the estate: m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 7 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 10 M. or 32,8 feet. (Eng.). Nature of catchcrops: Liberian-coffee. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: , Nederlandsche Rubber Maatschappij, Amsterdam. Name and situation of the estate: Kotangan, Eastcoast Sumatra, distr. Dcli and Serdang, Station Galang. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 42 M. or 137,79717 feet. (Eng.). Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2254 1 / 4 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4 and 3 x /'2 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18:18 feet (Eng.) and 20:20 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Liberian-coffee. Method of preparing the latex: Coagulated with purub. PHOTOS. Estates Soenoei Poetih Serdang, Eastcoast of Sumatra. 1. Hevea, 4 years old, between Liberia-coffee-trees of 4 1 /., years (circum ference of tree in foreground 3' above the soil 21"). 2. Heveatrees, 4 years 5 months old between old Liberia (circumference of tree in foreground 3' above the soil 26"). 3. Hevea-nurseries and new plantation Hevea and Robusta.
67 4. New plantation Hevea and Robusta, planted November 1909. 5. Estate-manager's house, surrounded by Tjemaratrees. 6. Same plantation as Photo 4, but half a year older. 7. View of the Factory. 8. Heveatrees 3 years 4 months old, among Liberia. 9. Heveatrees 3 years 4 months old, among Liberia. Along the road cooliehouses. 10. Factory, sorting- and packing-floor. No. 23. RUBBER CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ „AMSTERDAM". Offices: Heerengracht 364, Amsterdam. Estates: Soember Tjenkir, Kali Waroe, Kali Liprak, Karang Anom, Soember Patje and Kali Soeko in Java, Residency of Besoeki, and Soengei Karang, Meroemboen, Heinidale, Soengei Galang Barat, Liberia, Paya Niboen»-, Soengei Koekoes in Sumatra, districts of Serdang, Bedagei and Batoe Barah. Rubber-samples, photographs, maps, etc. PHOTOS. 1. Women, tapping rubber-trees. 2. On the right, estate-manager's house. In the middle, establishment. On the left, employees house. 3. Transport of the latex-coagulation. 4. Pressing room. 5. Da Costa-machinery (partly). 6. Turbine. 7. Packing of rubber. 8. Large hall with rollers. 9. 1 Statistic. No. 24. AMSTERDAM-JAVA RUBBER COMPAGNIE Offices: Stadhouderslaan 61, The Hague. Estates: Soeka Karet, Residency of Preanger Regentschappen, district of Soekaboemi (Java). Ficus- (Rambong) samples, photographs, etc.
68 Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Ficus. Name and address: Amsterdam-Java Cultuur Compagnie. Name and situation of the estate: Soeka Karet, Preanger Regent schappen. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 600 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 6—7 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 12' X 12. Method of preparing the latex: Improved native method. No. 25. OOST-JAVA RUBBER-MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Rotterdam, Wijnstraat 124. Estates: Soember Bokor, Soember Djeroe, Pantjoer Sarie, residency of Malang, Java. Castilloa sheets (first tapping), Java coffee, Java liberia coffee, Java robusta coffee, Coca. Photographs. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Castilloa. Name and address: Oost-Java Rubber-Maatschappij. Name and situation of the estate; Ond. Soember Djeroe, Zuidergebergte. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 1600 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3000 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 8 years. Estate "Pantjoer Sarie". 1. Java Coffee blue, flat bean. 2. Java Coffee blue, peaberry. 3. Java Liberian. 4. Java Robusta. Estate "Soember Bokor". 5. Java Coffee blue, flat bean. 6. Java Coffee blue, peaberry. 7. Java Liberian. 8. Java Robusta. Estate "Soember Djeroe". 9. Java Coffee blue, flat bean. 10. Java Coffee peaberry. 11. Java Liberian. 12. Java Robusta Liberia.
69 PHOTOS of the Oost-Java Rubber-Maatschappij. Estate "Soember Djeroe". Coca. Castilloa of trees eight years old, first tapping. 1. Map of Soember Bokor. 2. Map of Soember Djeroe. 3. Map of Pantjoer Sarie. Estate "Soember Bokor". 1. Hevea plantation of two and a half years old. 2. Ceara plant in small pots, made of dung, ready to be planted. Once planted, the dung pots dissolve in the soil. 3. Ceara tree of three months old. 4. Ceara tree of nine months old. 5. Ceara plantation of eighteen months old. Estate "Soember Kerto". Division Klakah-South; Altitude 1600 feet. 1. Hevea of two and a half year, between Robusta coffee, moderate dadap shadow. 2. Hevea of one year and a half between Robusta coffee, moderate dadap shadow. 3. Map of Soember Bokor. 4. Map of Soember Djeroe. 5. Map of Pantjoer Sarie. Estate "Soember Kerto". 1. Java blue Coffee flat. 2. Java blue Coffee peaberry. 3. Java Liberian. 4. Java Robusta. No. 26. ROTTERDAM TAPANOELI CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Rotterdam, Zuidblaak 64. Estates: Hapesong, Si Honas, Torna Pintjoer, Aik Pakoe, Permaldoean, Westcoast of Sumatra residency of Tapanoelie. Hevea-samples, photographs, maps, etc. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Two samples smoked hevea sheets, a few hevea biscuits, a bottle containing hevea seeds.
7 A Introduction. In editing the special catalogue of the Netherlands' and Netherlands' Indian section at the International Rubber- and Allied Trade-Exhibition in London from the 26th of June till the 14th July 1911, the Commission for the furtherance of a Netherlands' and Netherlands' Indian Exhibit at the above-mentioned Exhibition, which Commission was instituted by Royal Decree of the 15th October 1910, No. 50, wishes to address a few words of thanks to all who have assisted it in its endeavours to make Holland and her Colonies participate in that Exhibition in a worthy marmer. In the first place, thanks are due to the Dutch Government, which, in constituting the Commission by Royal Decree, gave it the indispensable moral support, and moreover, by endowing it with a subsidy for covering a possible deficit, has enabled the Commission to obtain considerable and favorably situated space at the Royal Agricultural Hall. The Dutch Government has further shown the great interest it takes in the Dutch Rubber Trade and Industry in a highly appreciable marmer, by entering its experimental Bureau for India Rubber Trade and Industry at Delft as a participant in the Exhibition. A brief word of thanks must also be tendered to the rubbertrade and industry in Holland and to those other.branches of commerce and industry in the Netherlands connected with them, also to the numerous rubber cultivating companies in the Netherlands' East Indies, which answered the call of the Commission to participate in the Exhibition and which, although not always having a direct financial interest in such participation, did not hesitate to lend the Commission their collaboration in order to biiild upan Exhibit, as complete as possible. With great satisfaction it is also to be noticed that many rubber cultivating companies, working in the Dutch Colonies, but formed with foreign capital, and which have their principal seat abroad — in England, France or Belgium — have participated in a great many cases and thereby shown how the hospitality, which the Dutch Colonies took a pleasure in extending to these companies, is appreciated by them. For the names of
7 of the quality. It is not complete in itself without good mechanical testing methods. It is to be considered as a most useful amplification of the defective empirical determination of quality, as it was done up till now. B 5. Some samples of rough rubber indicating the way of sealing of those offered for analysis. When a sample of rough rubber is offered for analysis to the Bureau, part of the sample is, as a rule, returned to the remitter, duly stamped, so that he may be able to show it with the certificate, when offered for sale.
70 Name and address: Rotterdam Tapanoeli Cultuur Maatschappij, Rotterdam. Name and situation of the estate: Hapesong, Westcoast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 200—500 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3504 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 3'/ 4 year. Distance between the trees tapped: 12' X 12. Method of preparing the latex: cöagulation with acetic acid. PHOTOS. 1. Felling of virgin forest. 2. Making nurseries for Hevea brasiliensis. 3. Young Hevea in the ntirsery. 4. Very young Hevea plantation. 5. Young Hevea plantation with oebi for covering. 6. Hevea's two and a half —three years old. 7. View of the establishments and young Ficus plantation. 8. Ficus elastica about two and a half year old. 9. Hevea two years and five months old, having a circumference of 18 l / 2 inches on a height of one yard. 10. View on the transport-road leading through the establishments. 11. Native labourers of the estate. No. 27 AMSTERDAM TAPANOELI RUBBER CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Amsterdam, and 5a Nieuwe Plein, Arnhem. Estates: Si Gala Gala, Westcoast of Sumatra, residency of Tapanoelie. Photographs and maps, etc. PHOTOS. 1. View of the estate Si-Gala-Gala. 2. New planting in the back ground new nurseries, Si-Gala-Gala estate, 3. Coffee nurseries Si-Gala-Gala. 4. Young Hevea plantation Si-Gala-Gala, planted September October 1909. Photos taken beginning of March 1910. 5. Same plantation one year older. 6. New plantations Si-Gala-Gala. Hevea's planted September/October 1909. Photo taken beginning of March 1910. 7. Same plantation as photos No. 2 but one year older. 8. Same plantation as photo No. 2 but one year older, estate Si-Gala-Gala
71 No. 28. LANGSAR SUMATRA RUBBER MAATSCHAPPIJ. (Consignees: Weise & Co., Rotterdam). Offices: Boompjes 58, Rotterdam. Estates: Langsar, Division of Atjeh, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Photographs. No. 29. RUBBER CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ SOENGEY RAJA. Offices: Frederik Hendriklaan 35, The Hague. Estates: Kwala Simpang, Gadja Muentah, Si Tabeue, Paja Suenglo, and Kroeng Peurala, in Sumatra district of Tamiang and Wana soeka and Tjikantjana in Java, residencies of Banjoemas and Preanger Regentschappen. Ficus-elastica samples, (Java). Photographs and maps. Samples of Catchcrops, viz: sereh oil, kadjang idjoe, kadjang kedelé. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: ficus. Name and address: N. V. Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij Soengey Raja. Name and situation of the estate: Tjikantjana, Preanger, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 1500 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2800 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: eight years. Distance between the trees tapped: 30' X 30. Nature of catchcrops: serehgrass. PHOTOS. 1. Kwala Simpang 1910. 2. Kwala Simpang 1909. 3. Kwala Simpang 1909. 4. Kwala Simpang 1909, December. 5. Kwala Simpang 1910, October. 6. Tjikantjana 1910. 7. Tjikantjana 1910. S. Tjikantjana 1910. 9. Tjikantjana 1910. 10. Group of Padang labourers and Javanese women; in the back ground cooliehouses.
72 11. Group of Padang labourers and Javanese women in the Hevea plantations, October 1910. 12. Kwala Simpang 1909. 13. Kwala Simpang 1909. No. 30. SUMATRA RUBBER CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ "SERBADJADI". Offices: Roelof Hartstraat 132, Amsterdam. Estate: Serbadjadi, district of Serdang, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Hevea-samples (smoked sheets from Sumatra). Photographs. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea Brasiliensis. Name and address: Sumatra Rubber Cultuur Maatschappij "Serbadji". Name and situation of the estate: Serbadji, Serdang, East Coast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 150 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3800 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 5 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18' X 18' feet. Nature of catchcrops: Coffee, Liberia and Robusta between Rubber. Method of preparing the latex: cöagulation with Acetic Acid. Description of 10 Photos representing parts of the Estates: "Serbadjadi", "Serdang", Eastcoast of Sumatra. 1. just cleared land ready to be planted with Hevea with wood in the background. (Photo taken in April 1910). 2. Same land, one year later, planted with Heveas 14 months old and Robusta coffee one year old (catchcrop). 3. Heveas D/2 year old and Robusta coffee-trees 5 months old. (Photo taken in April 1910). 4. Same plantation after one year; Robusta-trees bearing. 5. Hevea-plantation (trees fully 4 years old) interplanted between existing old Liberia coffee plantation. (Photo taken April 1910). 6. Same Hevea-plantation after one year. The Liberia-coffee-trees partly cleared. 7. New-cleared land, planted with Hevea stumps of 4 months (in the background Ficus elastica plantation). (Photo taken April 1910).
73 S. Same plantation after one year. The Heveas are 16 months old. These trees have been planted on old lalang-soils. 9. Tapping of 5 1 / 2 years old trees. 10. Planting of robusta coffee-trees. The small Hevea trees seen on photo are 6 months old stumps. No. 31. SUMATRA CAOUTCHOUC MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Heerengracht 527 Amsterdam and 48 Rue de Natuur Brussels. Estates: Brussel and Pernantian, division of Asahan, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Hevea-samples, photographs, etc. PHOTOS. 1. Brussel Estate with 3 years old heveas. Family Coolie hotises. 2. Brussel Estate Division 1. 3. Brussel Estate. House of General Manager. 4. Brussel Estate. Staff of the Company. Coolies of Brussel Estate. 5. Pernantian Estate. Road in Division I. 6. Brussel Estate. Division I with 3 l / 4 year old trees. Ground covered with an especial short grass. No. 32. BANTAMSCHE PLANTAGEN MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: 99 Zeekant, The Hague and 48 Place de Meir, Antwerp. Estates: Lebak Bolang, Batardjaja and Sindangwangi, Residency of Bantam, division of Lebak, Java. Photographs, maps, etc. PHOTOS. Estate „Lebak Bolano". 1. Managers House. 2. Shed, stables and managers house in distance. 3. Hevea stumps (at the left) and Hevea seedlings (at the right), both 2 years and 4 months old, planted 101/ 2 X 12 1 /- feet. 4. Hevea stumps, 2 years and 3 months old, planted 10 l / 2 X 10 l /a feet. 5. Hevea stumps, 2 years and 4 months old, planted lO'/j X lO'/a eet 6. Hevea seedlings, 1 year and 4 months old, planted 15 X 15' feet.
74 7. Hevea seedlings, 2 years and 7 months old, planted 10/2 X 10*/ 2 feet. 8. Hevea stumps, 2 years and 4 months old, planted 10/._, X lO'/a lee *- Estate „Bantar Djaja". 9. Managers house. 10. Hevea stumps, 22 months old, planted 10/2 X I°' 2 iwl -11. Hevea seedlings, 17 months old, planted 10 1 2 X '0' ■> feet. 12. Hevea stumps, 22 months old, planted 10y 2 X 10' o feet. 13. Hevea stumps, 16 months old, planted 15 X 15 feet. 14. Hevea seedlings, 16 months old, planted 15 X 15 feet. 15. Hevea seedlings, 17 rnonths old, planted 10 x / 2 X 10'/ 2 feet. 16. Native "village". No. 33. CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ NIEUW TJISALAK. Offices: 99 Zeekant, The Hague, and 48 Place de Mcir, Antwerp. Estates: Nieuw Tjisalak, Tjikamboei, and Tjisolear, residency of Bantam, division of Lebak, Java. Hevea-samples (sheets crepe and scraps), photographs, maps, etc. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Cultuur Maatschappij "Nieuw Tjisalak", The Hague and Antwerp. Name and situation of the estate: Nieuw Tjisalak, Tjikamboei, Tjisolear. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 225 —450 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 6 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 16' Xl 6 feet. 10 1 /.,' X 10 l .■'.»' feet. Method of preparing the latex: Cöagulation with acetic-acid. PHOTOS. 1. Managers House. 2. Avenue to Managers House. 3. Hevea trees, 6 years old, planted 10 X '0. 4. Hevea trees, 3'/o years old. 5. Hevea trees, 4 years old. 6. Estate road. 7. Native coolies on new clearings. S. Hevea trees, 4' /., years old. 9. Hevea trees, 2 1 A, years old.
75 No. 34. TJiKADOE RUBBER PLANTAGE. Offices: 103 Keizersgracht, Amsterdam, and 21 Rue Arenberg, Antwerp. Estates: Kihiang, Tjikapas and Tjikadoe, division of Lebak, residency of Bantam, Java. Hevea- and Ficus elastica-samples. (Java). Photographs. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea, Ficus. Name and address: Tjikadoe Rubber Plantage, Amsterdam, Antwerp. Name and situation of the estate: Rangkasbetoeng, Bantam. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 60 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4 —5 —6 years old Hevea and 18 years old Ficus. PHOTOS. Tjik adoc- Kilt ia ng. 1. One year old plantation with "Kratok", hind-view of first employees house. 2. Heveas 2'/ 2 —3 years old with "Kratok" plantations, Clay-soil, in the middle first employees house. 3. Heveas about six years old, interplanted with Heveas 372 y° ars °h'- Tjikadoe- Tjikapas. 1. Heveas planted in April 1907 with "Kratok". No. 35. CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ WARINGIN. Offices: 103 Keizersgracht, Amsterdam, and 21 Rue Areuberg, Antwerp. Estates: Pasir Warangin, and Langensari, division of Tjaringin, residency of Bantam, Java. Hevea-samples (J ava )> photographs, etc. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Cultuur Maatschappij Waringin, Amsterdam-Antwerp. Name and situation of the estate: Passir Waringin, Sedong-Bantam-Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 60 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 3000 m.M.
76 Age of the trees tapped : 4 —5—6 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 15' X 15. Nature of catchcrops: Coffee. PHOTOS. Passir Waringin: 1. Passir Waringin. Heveas (topped) planted in 1907, not interplanted, the bamboo indicates the height in metres. 2. Passir Waringin. Plantation of one year old Hevea, interplanted with Robusta coffee and shade trees. 3. Passir Waringin. Robusta coffee one*year old between 2 years old Heveas "Dadap" shade trees. 4. Passir Waringin. Two years old Heveas interplanted with Robusta coffee and "Dadap". No. 36. THE SENNAH RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. (Formerly "Vereenigde Hevea Plantagen der Bila-landen"). Offices: 9 Arundel Street, Strand, London W.C. and 21 Rue Arenberg, Antwerp. Estates: Bijawak, Kaloendang and Kalixberghe, in de Sultanate of Bila, district Laboean, on the Eastcoast of Siimatra. Hevea-samples (Sumatra) Photographs, etc. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Sennah-Rubber estates Ltd. Amsterdam—Antwerp. Name and situation of the estate: Bila Sumatra eastcoast. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 60 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2800 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4 —5 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18' X 18. PHOTOS. 1. Plantation 1909. 2. Dykes and drainage. 3. Hevea plantation 1907. The soil is covered with Katjang Kratok (Phaseolus Cunatus). 4. Estate „Byawak." Plantation 1907. 5. „ „Kaloendong." Weeding of the plantations. 6. „ „ Hevea plantation 1908. 7. „ Sennah. Plantation 1908. S. „ Calixberghe. Hevea planted in 1908.
77 No. 37. CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ TJIBINTARO. PLANTATIONS. Offices: Hulst (Netherlands). Estate: Tjibintaro in the district of Tjandjoer, residency of Preanger Regentschappen, Java. PHOTOS. 1. Two years old plantations with nurseries. 2. Two years old plantations with „sicalhennep" interplanted. 3. Two years old plantations. 4. View of plantation with employees-house. 5. View of plantation and kampong. 6. Temporary house of estate manager with employees-house. 7. Two years old plantation. One map (four parts) showing cleared and planted part of the estate. a. Small map. No. 38. ALGEMEENE BELGISCH-JAVASCHE CULTUUR-MAATSCHAPPIJ Offices: Amsterdam, Heerengracht 197, and 21 Longue Rue Neuve, Antwerp. Estates: Kiara Pajoeng, Tjempacca Moelia, Tjitamboer Leuweung Datar, Tjikidang, Tjibolang and Rantjabolang, division of Tjiandjoer, Residency of Preanger Regentschappen. Hevea-samples (J ava )> Tea-samples and photographs. First frame. Plantation of Kiara Pajoeng near Pres Tjiandjoer. a. Heveas nearly 5 year old. (closely planted). b 5 i> . ii ii -* „ „ „ „ C. „ ii it it „ „ d. „ 4' ' 2 year old. Interplanted with coca. e. „ 4i/ 2 „ „ Tapped, single grove. f • 11 /2 '• » »» w 11
78 Second frame. Plantation of Kiara Pajoeng. a. Heveas 4 year old. Tapped before elimination. /;. „ 3 „ „ Kratok cover. c. „ 4 „ „ In course of elimination. d. Establishment being in construction. ' • „ „ „ „ ƒ. Heveas 3 year old. Tea-samples Broken Tea Tjiboeni. Souchon Tjiboeni. Pecco Souchon Tjiboeni. Broken Oranje Pecco Tjiboeni. Pecco Tjiboeni. Oranje Pecco Tjiboeni. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Algemeene Belgische-Javasche Cultuur-Maatschappij. Name and situation of the estate: Kiara Pajoeng estate. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 300 and 600 Metres. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 4600 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: five years and older. Distance between the trees tapped: 10' X 20. Nature of catchcrops: Coca. Method of preparing the latex: Acetic Acid. No. 39. BELGISCH-NEDERLANDSCHE CULTUUR-MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Amsterdam, Heerengracht 197, and 21/23 Longue Rue Neuve, Antwerp. Estates: Tjirantji, Tjoeroeg, Pasir Dalidi and Tjimatis division of Tjiandjoer, Residency of Preanger Regentschappen and division of Krawang, Residency of Batavia. Hevea-samples (J ava ) an d photographs. l st Frame Estate Tjirandji near Tjiandjoer. a. Heveas, 5 years old. Tapped by women. b. „ 6 „ „ Type of tapping by doublé groove. c. Harvesting of scraps by women.
79 2"' 1 Frame Estate Tjirandji near Tjiandjoer. a. Heveas of 5 years (planted 18 X 18). b. View of the interior of the factory. c. Heveas of 4V' 2 years (closely planted) 3 n ' Frame Estate Tjoeroeg near Dawoean. a. Heveas 5 years old. Tapped by single groove. b. „ s/2 „ „ „ „ doublé c. „ 5 „ „ „ „ women. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Belgisch-Nederlandsche Cultuur-Maatschappij. Name and situation of the estate: Tjirandji near Tjiandjoer (Java). Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 300 —500 Metres. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2800 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: six years and older. Distance between the trees tapped: 10' X 20. Method of preparing the latex: Acetic Acid. No. 40. DELI-MOEDA PLANTAGEN MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: 99 Zeekant, The Hague, and 19 Kipdorp, Antwerp. Estates: Deli-Moeda and Mata Pao, division of Serdang, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Hevea-samples, PHOTOS. 1. The big Hevea-nurseries, the heveas to be planted in the tobacco-fields of Deli-Moeda. Trees, 2 years old. 2. Interior view of the big nurseries. 3. Tapping the trees to obtain the latex. Ficus trees, 12 years old, which have yielded 6 K.G. rubber. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea and Ficus. Name and address: Deli-Moeda Plantagen Maatschappij The Hague and Antwerp. Name and situation of the estate: Deli-Moeda and Mata Pad.
8 the various exhibitors we refer to the Catalogue, but the Commission wishes to make particular mention of the Colonial Museum at Haarlem and the "Koloniale Bank" at Amsterdam, who kindly provided it with important exhibits and very fine photos for the decoration of the Dutch section. Such a special mention is also due to the "Maatschappij Boeatan" and the well-known artist Mr. F. J. du Chattel, both of The Hague, who at the Commission's request respectively sent numerous objects of native art-industry and a notable series of exceptionally fine water-colour paintings, representing views in the Netherlands' Indies. In dealing with the decoration of the Dutch Section, the Commission has to mention first and foremost the well-known architect, Mr. Ed. Cuypers of Amsterdam. His artistically conceived and executed "Pendoppo" (an open shed in the construction of which Javanese themes of decoration have been fancifully treated) forms the centre of the section. This gentleman, with untiring energy, has assisted the Commission in planning practical and suitable surroundings for the "Pendoppo", which has given to the Netherlands section quite a stamp of its own. The Commission would not, however, have succeeded in meeting the considerable expense connected with the making and putting together of this section in the Netherlands and the finishing off in London by exclusively Dutch workmen, if it had not had the powerful help of a number of the most important commercial houses of Amsterdam and Rotterdam. These firms, in forming a fund of guarantee, enabled the Commission to execute its plans, entirely on the lines of the initial concep tion. The Commission has much pleasure in tendering special thanks to the firms, which contributed to this fund, being: In Rotterdam: The Deposito & Administratie Bank. Messrs Joh. Eek & Zoon. Messrs A. C. Fraser & Co. Messrs Havelaar & De Vries. Messrs A. van Hoboken & Co. The Intern. Cred. en Handels-Vereen. "Rotterdam". Messrs A. Knottenbelt & Co. Messrs Koch & Suermondt. Marx & Co's Bank. Messrs Mees & Moens. Messrs M. & R. de Monchy. The Nieuwe Afrik. Handels-Vereen. In Amsterdam: The Nederl. Handel-Maatschappij. The Deli-Maatschappij. Messrs Van Eeghen & Co. Mr. J. G. van Hemert. The Stoomvaart Maatsch. "Nederland". Messrs Van Leeuwen Boomkamp & Co. Mr. Dunlop van Essen. Mr. Theod. C. Dentz. Messrs G. de Vries & Zonen. Messrs Patyn van Notten & Co. Messrs Mirandolle, Voute & Co. Mr. H. C. Rehbock. Messrs Van Heekeren & Co.
80 Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel 40 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2032 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: Hevea 6 —7 years, Ficus B—lo8 —10 years. Distance between the trees tapped: Hevea 15' X 16', Ficus 30' X 30. Method of preparing the latex: Hevea cöagulation with acetic acid, Ficus natural cöagulation. No. 41. SOCIÉTÉ FRANCO-NÉERLANDAISE DE CULTURE ET DE COMMERCE. Offices: 186 Noordeinde, The Hague and 113 Rue Réaumur, Paris. Estates: Tjisaga, Bantjah, Tjiletoe Goenoeng Mas, and Pasir Goong, residencies of Preanger Regentschappen and of Batavia (J ava )- Photographs, and maps. General map of Plantations. 12 Photographs of plantations. 2 Graphiques. 1. Statistics, Tjisaga Estate (Rubber). 2. Statistics, Tjisaga Estate (Rubber). 3. Map of the estates of the Company, Island Java (Dutch E. Indies). PHOTOS. 4. Estate Tjisaga. House of 2nd employee. 5. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in November 1908 circumference 0.21 M. 6. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in November 1909 circumference 0.22 M. 7. Estate Goenoeng Bitoeng. Ground worked by spade; on the left, top corner, land worked by spade. 8. Estate Tjisaga. Young Hevea of 16 months. 9. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in February 1909 circumference 0.16 M. 10. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in November circumference taken at 0.90 M. from the soil, 0.21 M. 11. Estate Goenoeng Bitoeng. On the left ground works. On the right planted plot. 12. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in November 1908. 13. Estate Tjisaga. Trees planted in December 1909 circumference 0.19 M.
81 No. 42. CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ TJONDONG. Offices: Zeekant 99, The Hague and 20 Rue Laffitte, Paris. Estates: Boemiajoe and Tjondong, division of Limbangan, residency of Preanger Regentschappen, Java. Photographs. No. 43. CAOUTCHOUC PLANTAOEN MAATSCHAPPIJ TAPANOELIE. Offices: Zeekant 99, The Hague and 20 Rue Laffitte, Paris. Estates: Malomboe and Pinangsoré, residency of Tapanoeli, Westcoast of Sumatra. Hevea-samples, photographs, etc. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij "Tapanoeli". Name and situation of the estate: Malombo estate Koeria. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 4000 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: Seven years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18' X 18. For list of Photos sec No. 45. No. 44. SUMATRA CAOUTCHOUC PLANTAOEN MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Zeekant 99, The Hague and 20 Rue Laffitte, Paris. Estates: Batang Toroe, division of Padang Sidempoean residency of Tapanoeli. Photographs, etc. For list of Photos sec No. 45. 6
82 No. 45. SIBOGA CAOUTCHOUC PLANTAOEN MAATSCHAPPIJ. Offices: Zeekant 99, The Hague and 20 Rue Laffitte, Paris. Estates: Sangkoenoer, division of Padang Sidempoean, residency of Tapanoeli. Photographs. PHOTOS of the Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij, "Tapanoeli". Sumatra Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij. Siboga Caoutchouc Plantagen Maatschappij. 1. Batang Toroe Establishment. 2. Doctors residence. 3. Women's ward. 4. Central Hospital. 5. Malomboe fresh clearing. 6. Malomboe mandoer's-house. (Overseer's.) 7. Malomboe (afd. Alamantonor) a dweiling-Hevea Plantation. 8. Penangsoré (Nursery Hevea seed). 9. European residence. Bantang Toroe. 10. Hevea Plantation. 11. 12. „ „ 13. „ „ 14. Suspension bridge. 15. Penangsoré. Workmen. 16. Sangkoenoer in low country. 17. Malomboe, a dweiling. 18. „ nurseries Heveaseed. 19. 20. „ „ „ 21. Penangsoré, Heveas planted with clod. At.. „ „ „ „ ii 23. Establishment. 24. Penangsoré, nurseries Heveaseed. 25. „ clearing in high part. 26. „ young Hevea planted from stumps. 27. Malomboe, Heveas planted as tjankoks. 28. „ House of detention. 29. Sangkoenoer, a dwelling.
83 MAPS. 44. Map on canvas of the concession of the Société "Sumatra". 45. „ on tracing paper of the concession of "Sangkoenoer". 46. „ drawn of the concession of the Société "Kalitengah" with three leaves lists of numbers. . Map framed of the concession of the Société "Tapanoelie". . „ „ „ „ „ „ "Batang Toroe". „ „ comprising the concessions of "Penang Sore", "Batang Toroe", "Sangkoenoer". No. 46. CAOUTCHOUC CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ KALITENGAH. Offices: Zeekant 99, The Hague and 20 Rue Laffitte, Paris. Estates: Kali Tengah, division of Djember, residency of Besoeki Java. Photographs, samples of Catch-crops (Robusta coffee). No. 47. DOLOK BAROS CAOUTCHOUC- EN KOFFIE CULTUUR MAATSCHAPPIJ. . Offices: 99 Zeekant, The Hague and Berne (Switzerland). Estates: Dolok Baros, division of Dcli, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Photographs, maps and samples of catchcrops (coffee Arabica and coffee marogogyp). Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Dolok Baros Caoutchouc- en Koffie Cultuur Maat schappij. The Hague and Berne. Name and situation of the estate: Dolok-Baros in Tjeli East Coast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 900 M. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 5000 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 14' X 21' and 10' X 16. Nature of catchcrops: Java coffee.
84 No. 48. THE RUBBER ESTATE AGENCY. Offices: 49 Eastcheap London E.C. for the following companies: a. Bandar Sumatra Rubber Company, Limited. Estates: Rambeij, in the Serdang district Eastcoast of Sumatra. b. Serdang Central Plantations, Limited. Estates: Baloewa and Soekaloewei, in the province of Serdang district, Eastcoast of Sumatra. c. Glen Bervie Rubber Company, Limited. Estates: Glen Bervie, in the residency of Langkat district, Eastcoast of Sumatra. d. Langkat Sumatra Rubber Company, Limited. Estates: Blankahan and Soengei Roean, in the district of Upper Langkat, Eastcoast of Sumatra. e. The Tamiang Rubber Estates, Limited. Estates: Tamiang, Oepah and Rantau, in the Tamiang district, Eastcoast of Sumatra. ƒ. Java Amalgamated Rubber Estates, Limited. . Estates: Gloensing and Poerwodjojo, (Besoeki) and Binangoen, (Pre anger Regentschappen) Java. PHOTOS. 1. Ceara on the Gloensing Estate one year and one month old. 2. Old nature village on the Gloensing Estate. Malang—Java. 3. Para and Robusta on the Gloensing Estate one year old. 4. Ceara 7 month old planted on old lalang fields, Gloensing Estate. 5. A road in clearing, showing Robusta Para and Ceara, one year old, Gloensing Estate. 6. Managers bungalow, Gloensing Estate. 7. Para 4 years old. Poerwodjojo Estate. 8. Para 4 years old interplanted with robusta: Poerwodjojo Estate. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea and Ficus. Name and address: Glen Bervi Rubber Cy., Ltd. Name and situation of the estate: Glen Bervie Lower Langkat. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 90 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 1900 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 4 —5 years Hevea, 7 —B years Ficus. Distance between the trees tapped: 17 X 17 Hevea, 30 X 36 Ficus. Nature of catchcrops: Liberia coffee.
85 Metbod of preparing the latex: Hevea coagulated with acetic acid. Ficus „ „ formalin. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Bandar Sumatra Rubber Cy., Ltd. 59 Eastcheap London. Name and situation of the estate: Bandar Pinang estate Post Galang Serdang Eastcoast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 90 Metres. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 107 inches. Age of the trees tapped: 4 —5 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 20 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Liberia and Robusta Coffee. Method of preparing the latex: Acetic Acid. Sort of Rubber: Para. Name and address : Serdang Central Plantations Mincing-Lane House. Name and situation of the estate: Baloewa estate. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 500 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 115 inches. Age of the trees tapped: 6 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 17 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Liberia coffee. Further particulars: all by hand acetic-acid cöagulation allowed to stand Further particulairs: all by hand; acetic-acid cöagulation, allowed to stand in small trays; 1 st rolled with a roller, 2'" 1 rolled by mangle. Hung until dry. No. 49. JAVA PARA RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. Offices: Finsbury Pavement House, London E. C. Estates: Wonokoio and Ampel Gading, district of Malang, Residency of Pasoeroean, Java. Castilloa crêpes. Ficus crêpe. Samples of Ceara and Hevea rubber. Samples of catchcrops (Java coffee, Java Liberia coffee, Java Robusta coffee, Cocoa and Manilla Hemp).
86 PHOTOS. 1. Preparing and Packing Manilla Stemp, Wonokoio 1911. 2. Tapping Ficus (Rambong) Rubber Wonokoio 1911. 3. Estate-manager's House with part of the labourers going to their work, Wonokoio 1911. 4. Tapping Castilloa Rubber, Wonokoio 1911. 5. Nurseries Hevea Rubber and Robusta Coffee, Ampelgading 1911. 6. Hevea Rubber and Robusta Coffee. Plantation 2—3 years old. Dadap old Shadow trees not yet all cut, Wonokoio 1911. 7. Hevea and Robusta Coffee. Plantation 2—3 years old. Dadap old shadow trees all cut, Wonokoio 1911. 8. Preparing and Packing Rubber, Wonokoio 1911. 9. Establishment for Coffee. Java, Robusta and Liberia red Coffee. Cerries coming in from the gardens. Wonokoio 1911. 10. Tapping Castilloa Rubber, Wonokoio 1911. 11. Hevea Rubber and Robusta Coffee new Plantation (just planted). Dadap old shadow trees all cut. With new public road from Dampit to the Estate above. Ampelgading 1911. 12. Hevea Rubber and Robusta Coffee, Plantation 1 year old. Dadap old shadow trees not yet all cut. Ampelgading 1911. 13. Hevea Rubber and Robusta Coffee new Plantation (just planted). Dadap old shadow trees all cut. Ampelgading 1911. 14. Old Hevea Rubber trees. Ampelgading 1911. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea, Ficus Castilloa. Name and address: Java Para Rubber estates, Limited. Name and situation of the estate: Wonokoio, Malang, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 1450—2450 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: Castilloa 9 —ll years, Ficus 5 —25 years. Distance between the trees tapped: Castilloa 16 X 32 feet, Ficus 20 X 20 and 24 X 24 feet, Hevea 16 X 16 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Robusta. Sort of Rubber: Castilloa and Ficus. Name and address: Java Para Rubber estates, Limited. Finsbury Pavement . House E. C. Name and situation of the estate: Wonokoyo, Ampelgading. Malang, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 1450—2450 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: Castilloa 9 —ll years, Ficus 5 —25 years.
87 Distance between the trees tapped: Castilloa 16 X 32 feet. Ficus 20 >< 20 and 24 X 24 feet. Method of preparing the latex: Castilloa latex washed and creped in small crepe machine or smoked. Further particulars: Ficus scraps washed and creped in small crepe machine or smoked. No. 50 THE TANGOEL RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. Offices: 27 Mincing Lane, London E.C. Estates: Soekokoelon, in the residency of Besoeki, district of Djember, Java. Samples of Hevea rubber and photographs. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: The Tangoel Rubber estates Ltd. 27 Mincing-Lane, London E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Soekokolon District Tangoel Res. Besoeki Djember, Java. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 250—600 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 160 inches. Age of the trees tapped: 4 —5 years. Nature of catchcrops: Robusta. No. 51. THE UNITED SUMATRA RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. Offices: 30 Mincing Lane, London E.C. Estates: Bangoen Poerba, in the Serdang district, East Coast of Sumatra. Samples of Hevea Rubber (smoked sheet, ordinary sheet and crêpe). Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: The United Sumatra Rubber Estates Ltd. 30 Mincing- Lane E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Bangoen Poerba, estate Serdang Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 300 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 85 inches. Age of the trees tapped: 5—9 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 20 X 20 feet. Nature of catchcrops: Coffee Liberia.
88 No. 52. THE SUMATRA PARA RUBBER PLANTATIONS LIMITED. Offices: 30 Mincing Lane, London E.C. Estates: Pangkattan, on the Bila river, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Samples of Hevea rubber (smoked sheet, ordinary sheet and crêpe). Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: The Sumatra Para Rubber Plantations, Limited, 30 Mincing Lane, London E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Pangkattan estate Bila Eastcoast Sumatra. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 4006 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 5 —12 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18' X 18' feet. No. 53. THE UNITED SERDANG (SUMATRA) RUBBER PLANTATIONS, LIMITED. Offices: 49/51 Eastcheap, London E.C. Estates: Begerpang and Namoe Rambei, in Serdang on the Eastcoast of Sumatra. Samples of Hevea rubber (assorted) and of Ficus elastica (Rambong). Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: one case 112 Pale Para Crêpe. „ „ 112 Pale Para smoked. „ 112 Pale Crêpe 2'"'Quality. „ „ 112 Para scrap. „ 112 Para Bark Rubber. „ „ 168 Para smoked throughout blocks and blankets. Name and address: United Serdang (Sumatra) Rubber Plantations Limited, Ceylon House, 49/51 Eastcheap, London E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Begerpang estate, Serdang Eastcoast Sumatra. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 300 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: about 90 inches. Age of the trees tapped: Hevea 4 years and ficus 9 years.
89 Distance between the trees tapped: Hevea 18' X 18', ficus 30' X 30. Method of preparing the latex: Cöagulation with Acetic Acid in proportion 4 pr. 1000 for para latex as it comes from the fields Robinsons' Rollers and in preparation for smoking crepe made first and smoked while still wet. Rambong scrap worked up by Robinsons' Rollers. No. 54. THE SIALANG RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. Offices: 49/51 Eastcheap, London E.C. Estates: Sialang, Batoe Gingging and Tebing Tinggi on the Eastcoast of Sumatra. Samples of Hevea Rubber (smoked sheet, and smoked scraps). Particulars concerning Rubber-samples Exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Smoked Para sheets and smoked Para scrap. Name and address: The Sialang Rubber estates Limited, Ceylon House 49/51 Eastcheap, London E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Sialang estate Upper Serdang Dcli, Sumatra Eastcoast. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 300 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 2500 m.M. Age of the trees tapped: 5 1 !,, years. Distance between the trees tapped: 18 X 20. Nature of catchcrops: Liberia Coffee. Method of preparing the latex: Cöagulation with acetic-acid. No. 55. THE SIAK SUMATRA RUBBER ESTATES, LIMITED. Offices: 4 Lloyds' Avenue Fenchurch Street, London E.C. Estates: Soeka Djadi 1, in the estate of Siak, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Photographs. PHOTOS. 1. Managers Bungalow. 2. Javanese Coolie house. 3. Assistant's Bungalow. 4. Hospital. 5. Hevea Plantation. 6. Chinese shop. 7. Assistant's Bungalow.
9 In Rotterdam (continued). Messrs Van Overzee & Co. The Rotterdamsche Bank. The Rotterdam Dcli Maatschappij. The Rotterdamsche Lloyd. Messrs Schöffer & Co. Messrs Tulleners & Bruinmer. Messrs Weise & Co. The Balata Compagnie, Suriname. „ Guyana. The Langsar Sumatra Rubber Maatsch'J. In Amsterdam (continued). Mr. Th. J. van Haren Noman. N.N. N. N. N. N. Furthermore the commission owes a hearty word of thanks to Messrs. Weise & Co of Rotterdam, wbo, most uninterestedly, took upon their shoulders the onerous task of taking care of and afterwards forwarding to London all the exhibits. To appreciate this work at its proper value, one must have learnt by experience what such a gratuitous undertaking for an exhibition of this importance means. Finally the Commission is glad to devote some words of appreciation to the good understanding, in which the independent special committees for the Netherlands' East Indies and Surinam have collaborated and thanks to which all the exhibits from the Netherlands and Colonies could be blended to a harmonious ensemble. The Commission ventures to hope that the participation of Holland and her Colonies in the International Rubber-exhibition in London will not only enhance the good repute of the Netherlands abroad, but that it will also contribute to the further development of the rubbertrade and industry in the Netherlands and be conducive to the cultivation of and trade in rubber and allied products in the Dutch Colonies. For the Commission: A. G. N. SWART, Chairman. CH. H. MOENS, Secretary. London, June 1911.
90 No. 56. THE PAKAN BAROE RUBBER ESTATES LONDON. Offices: 20 Eastcheap, London E.C. Estate: Sakoe Djadi 11, in the State of Siak, Eastcoast of Sumatra. Photographs. No. 57. SOUTH EAST BORNEO RUBBER PLANTATIONS, LIMITED. Offices: 4 Lloyd's Avenue, London E.C. Estates: Tanah Intan, on the river Riam Kiwa, South East Borneo. Ficus Elastica sheet, and scrap (Rambong), Hevea sheet, Photographs. Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea and Ficus. Name and address: South- East Borneo Rubber, Plantations Ltd. 4 Lloyds Avenue London E.C. Name and situation of the estate: Tanah Intan Martapoera S.E. Borneo. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 49 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 90—120 inches. Age of the trees tapped: Hevea 4 years, Ficus 5 years. Distance between the trees tapped: Hevea I7 l l 2 X 17' 2 leet > Ficus 20 X 20 feet. Method of preparing the latex: Ficus prepared with Promb, Hevea partly with promb and partly acid. PHOTOS. 1. 4 years old Hevea trees. 2. 3 1 ' o years old Hevea Rubber trees. 3. 2V 2 years old Hevea Rubber trees. 4. Nursery with 2 years old Hevea stumps. No. 58. OALANG BESAR RUBBER PLANTATIONS, LIMITED. Offices: 5 Whittington Avenue, London E.C. Estates: Belgica, Hollandia Brabantia and Zelandia, Island of Galang Besar, residency of Riouw. Samples of Hevea Rubber. Photographs, maps, etc.
91 Particulars concerning Rubber-samples exhibited. Sort of Rubber: Hevea. Name and address: Galang Besar Rubber Plantations Ltd., London. Name and situation of the estate: Galang Besar Rubber Plantations, Ltd. Island Galang Riouw Archipelago Dutch Indies. Average elevation of the estate above the sealevel: 75 —150 feet. Average annual rainfall on the estate: 120 inches. Age of the trees tapped: \ x \ 2 — 5 1 / 2 years. Distance between the trees tapped: 10 X 12 feet. Method of preparing the latex: cöagulation by acetic acid. No. 59. THE INDRAGIRI (SUMATRA) RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA COMPANY, LIMITED. Offices: 39 Mincing Lane, London E.C. Estates: Soengei Lala Estate, Indragiri Sumatra. Samples of Gutta Percha, prepared from latex taken from Gutta Percha trees on the estate. Wild Rubber, collected by natives. Photographs, showing tapping of Gutta Percha.
93 The Netherlands' Indian Commission
94 In bringing together a collection of Exhibits from the Netherlands Indies for the International Rubber and Allied Trades Exhibition, it has been considered that, as few plantations are as yet producing on a large scale, it is better to try to give an idea of the growing importance of rubber cultivation in this colony, and of what may be expected of it, than to bring together a large number of samples of rubber, prepared in various ways. Nor indeed could such samples be of any great interest to the market, seeing that in most instances the plantations from which they are taken could not undertake to supply large quantities. The Netherlands India Commission, therefore, which includes officials of the Department of Agriculture and Representatives of the various Agricultural Associations, decided to send a collective exhibit of its own, and further, to give the Rubber plantations individually an opportunity to contribute exhibits for the Netherlands Colonial Section, hoping that in this way greater attention would be drawn to the special products of these plantations. Below is given a short description of the exhibits contributed in the Netherlands Indies section, the numbers of each corresponding with those given in this Catalogue. Collective Exhibits. No. 60. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 1. Map of Java and Madura, indicating the grounds occupied by rubber plantations (green spots for Government plantations and red for private or Companies' estates; the figures on the red spots refer to the private estates, the names of which are included in the statistics printed below). On this map are clearly marked the several existing or projected railway- and tram-lines.
95 2. Map of the Neth. East Indies, showing the regular steamship services throughout the Archipelago, provided by the steamers of the Royal Steam Packet Company. 3. Map of the World, showing the principal steamship connections between Netherlands East India and other parts of the world. 4. Herbarium of rubber-producing trees and plants, which are used for green manure in the Neth. East Indies. 5. Wood (small beam & planks) taken from a 10 year old Pararubber tree. 6. White ant (termites) that do great damage both in the houses and in the fields. a. nest of white ant. b. queen's cell. c. Queens. d. males and females. e. soldiers. ƒ. young males and females. g. males and females winged. 7. Piece of wood destroyed by white ants. 8. Cross section of Hevea trunks. 9. Para trunks of about 12 years old from the Experimental Garden at Buitenzorg. a. tapped with the pricker. b. badly tapped 6 years ago, thus causing excrescences. c. badly tapped ten years ago; cambium layer damaged. d. tapped with pricker; cambium layer damaged. 10. Sketch of the laticiferous system of the Para tree, by Dr. Simons. 11. Root fungus (Fomes semitostus) on roots of Hevea brasiliensis. 12. "Djamoer oepas" or bark-canker (Corticium javanicum) on the stem of Hevea brasiliensis. 13. Cobweb-disease (fungus not yet determined) on branch and leaves of Ficus elastica. No. 61. DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 14. Ficus rubber in so-called Pamanoekan balls, each weighing 14 kilo, handmade product obtained from latex, without chemicals. 15. Ficus rubber hand made in blocks made from scrap. 16. Ficus rubber in blocks hand made from latex, without chemicals. 17. Ficus rubber crepe, produced by machinery, without chemicals.
96 No. 62. GOVERNMENT OUTTAPERCHA AND RUBBER PLANTATIONS AT TJIPETIR (PREANOER REGENCIES). 18. Pamphlet on the guttapercha plantations at Tjipetir. Photographs of the guttapercha plantations at Tjipetir. 19. Young gutta percha trees (Palaquim Dychopsis). 20. Young rubber trees. a. Hevea Brasiliensis. b. Ficus elastica. c. Castilloa elastica. d. Manihot Glaziovii. 21. Seeds of the following plants. a. Hevea Brasiliensis. b. Ficus elastica. c. Castilloa elastica. d. Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara). 22. Guttapercha made from fresh leaves. 23. Guttapercha collected from the stem by incision. 24. Gauge for measuring the bark. 25. Plant diseases. a. Four year old Para tree attacked by bark-canker (Corticium java nicum); after treatment the bark is restored. b. Young guttapercha tree of which the bark has been damaged by wild pig; these animals sharpen their teeth on the bark. No. 63. GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION AT SALATIGA. 26. Collection of moths and insects found on rubber trees. No. 64. ROYAL MAGNETIC AND METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATORY AT BATAVIA. 27. Collection of Publications.
97 No. 65. RUBBER PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION AT BANDOENG (WEST-JA VA). 28. 5 K.G. marked A Tick blanked of scrap-rubber from trees of 3'/., to 47.2 years old. 29. 2 „ „ B Yellow sheets from trees 4 years old; no coagulent used. 30. 2 „ „ C Blanket crepe from trees 4 years old. 31. 3 „ „ K Hand made sheets from trees 4 years old. 32. 2 „ „ D Pale yellow crepe from trees 6 years old. 33. 2 „ „E Brownish sheets from trees 6 years old. 34. 2 „ „F Crepe from scrap rubber from trees 6 years old. 35. 1 „ „I Pale crepe obtained by cöagulation (by means of acetic acid) of the residue in the cöagulation pan after the non-acidulated bulk has been taken out. 36. 3 „ „ G Hand made brownish sheets from trees 3>/ 2 years old. 37. 3 „ „ H Hand made scrap from trees 3i/ 2 years old. Except sample B. all these rubbers are coagulated with acetic acid. 38. Soil samples. a. Surface soil. Rainfall under 3000 m.M.; b. Sub-soil. Rainfall under 3000 m.M.; c. Surface soil. Rainfall above Nitrogen. Potash. Phosphorus. 4000 m.M. 0.24% 0.08% 0.02% d. Sub-soil. Rainfall above 4000 m.M. 0.22% 0.07% 0.02% 39. Sample coca-powder extracted from plants cultivated as catch erop with Hevea Brasiliensis; 40. Model of native workman's hut on a plantation in West Java; Collection of photos. No. 66. ASSOCIATION OF LEASEHOLDERS IN DJOCJA AND SOLO. 41. Sample of 5 K.G. latex crepe of Ficus elastica. 42. Sample of 5 K.G. scrap crepe of Ficus elastica. 43. Sample of 5 K.G. latex crepe of Hevea Brasiliensis (Para rubber). 44. Sample of 5 K.G. scrap crepe of Hevea Brasiliensis (Para rubber). 4 photos of plantations. T
98 No. 67 MALANG AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 45. Soil samples. a. Surface soil from an elevated plantation (3500 feet above sealevel) on the volcano Smeroe. b. Sub-soil of same. c. Surface soil of plantation situated at the foot (1300 feet above the sealevel) of Smeroe. d. Sub-soil of same. e. Surface soil of a plantation (1500 feet above the sealevel) situated on the Southern mountain range. f. Sub-soil of same. 46. A block Ficus elastica scrap in original packing .... 3 K.G. 47. A block Ficus elastica scrap 0.65 „ 48. A block Ficus elastica sheet 3.15 „ 49. A block Ficus elastica crepe 2.50 „ 50. A block Castilloa crepe 2.40 „ 51. A block Castilloa sheet 9.20 „ 52. A block Castilloa Tunu sheet 0.70 „ 53. 2 tin cases coca (catch erop) 3 „ 54. 1 small bag Java coffee (catch erop) 2 „ 55. 1 small bag Robusta coffee (catch erop) 2 „ 56. 1 small bag Hybrid-graft coffee (green bean) 2 „ 57. 1 small bag Hybrid-graft coffee (yellow bean) 2 „ Collection of photos, giving an idea of the conversion of a coffee plantation into rubber. No. 68. ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY AT DJEMBER. 58. Sample of 1 picul (61.5 K.G.) Robusta coffee W.1.8. or wet preparation marked K.L., in original packing, ready for sale; grown with Hevea Brasiliensis. 59. Sample of 1 picul (61.5 K.G.) Robusta coffee W.1.8. or wet prepa ration marked P.G. D. in original packing ready for sale, grown with Ficus elastica. 60. Bale Manilla hemp in original packing, grown with Hevea. 61. Sample of i/ 4 picul Coffee arabica W.1.8. or wet preparation, grown with Hevea Brasiliensis.
99 62. Sample of '/j picul Coffee Liberia W. I. B. or wet preparation grown with Ficus elastica. 63. Seeds of Leguminous plants, used for green manuring. a. Leucaena glauca. /;. Tephrosia purpurea. c. Crotolaria. d. Clitoria cajadaefolia. e. Phaseolus lunatus. ƒ. Vigna sinensis (Cow pea). g. Kratok. h. Kressek. Photos of rubber plantations and buildings. Photos of Banjoewangi harbour; used for shipping by the members of the above Agricultural Society. Photos of the harbour of Panaroekan, the most important for exports from these plantations. 64. Soil samples. I. a. Surface soil from the Djamboe plantation, height above sea level 2000 feet. /;. Sub-soil from the Djamboe plantation, height above sea-level 2000 feet. 11. a. Surface soil from the Kali Kempit plantation height above sea-level 1000 feet. b. Sub soil from the Kali Kempit plantation, height above sea level 1000 feet. 111. a. Surface soil of the plantation Kendeng Lemboe, height above sea-level 500 feet. b. Sub-soil of the plantation K. Lemboe, height above sea-level 500 feet. IV. a. Surface soil of the plantation Kedaton, height above sea-level 1500 feet. b. Sub-soil of the plantation Kedaton, height above sea-level 1500 feet. V. a. Surface soil of the plantation Klatakan, height above sea-level - 200 feet. b. Sub-soil of the plantation Klatakan, height above sea-level 200 feet. 65. Sample rubber of Castilloa elastica 5 K.G, 66. Sample rubber of Hevea Brasiliensis 10 K.G.
Treatises.

No. 1 Supplement. Dutch Government Bureau for India Rubber Trade and Industry, established at Delft, Oude Delft 81. The formation of the "International Rubber Testing Committee" at the Conference during the first Rubber Exhibition in London, and the endeavours made by the Dutch Sub-committee to obtain the assistance of the Dutch Government for the realization of uniform rubber-testing methods, resulted in the attention of the Dutch Government being drawn to the interest which trade and industry have in the examination of rubber on scientific lines by an impartial office. A Government Bureau for India Rubber Trade and Industry was established. Professor Dr. G. van Iterson Jr. of the Technical University at Delft, was charged with the installation and management, whilst Mr. J. G. Fol, chemical engineer, was chosen as technologist. In the following a short account is given regarding the purpose of the Bureau, established in one of the laboratories of the Technical University, and the method of working which it intends to follow. In general, rubber owes its practical application to its specific properties, and the peculiar chemical character of the material is a welcome circumstancial accessory. Therefore, the qualification of the physical qualities, must be considered as one of the principal tasks, which one has to perform when testing this material, be he the producer of raw rubber, the rubber manufacturer, or the consumer of vulcanized rubber-wares. For that reason, full attention must be paid to the mechanical and physical testing of the rubber. However, this part of the analysis is most difficult and the methods proposed for that purpose, have to be subjected to close criticism. People have not yet come to an agreement with regard to the principles which must predominate in the test. Some think that the test of rubber must fully adapt itself to the practical use; others are of opinion that a determination of only some of the physical properties, and the empirie
International Rubber and Allied Trades Exhibition 1911. Netherlands Section. PRINTED BV J. DE JONG. - ROTTERDAM

Exhibits and Exhibitors. Science.
Trade. Exhibits and Exhibitors.
Rubber Companles in the Netherlands East-Indies. Compiled and issued by The Netherlands Commisswn for the 3nrernartonaf > (Ku66er Bonbon June—July 1911. Price 5j- J. H. DE BUSSY — Amsterdam.