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BIBLIOTHECA UNIVERSITATIS LEIDENSIS CODICES MANUSCRIPTI XXXVIII Legatum Stolpianum History and Archives of the Leiden Prize Competitions in Natural Theology and Moral Philosophy, 1754-2004 Compiled by James Jakob Fehr in collaboration with André Bouwman Leiden University Library Leiden 2004
Codices Manuscripti is a series of manuscript catalogues published on behalf of Leiden University Library Editorial Board: A.Th. Bouwman and J.J. Witkam ISSN 0169-8672 ISBN 90-74204-12-0 © Copyright 2004 Leiden University Library P.O. Box 9501 - NL-2300 RA Leiden - The Netherlands All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other mjaas^pr stored in any retrieval system, without prior writtei* pjJfatfissSpn from Leiden University LibraryLEIDEN J \RIBL./ Printed in the Netherlands by CartoPrint Den Ffaaff- The Hague
Table of Contents Preface 7 Acknowledgments 8 1 History of the Legatum Stolpianum 11 1.1 The Surviving Documents 11 1.2 The Missing Manuscripts of 1788-1806 12 1.3 The Beginnings of the Legacy 13 1.4 The Initial Rules of the Competition 18 1.5 The Place of the Legatum Stolpianum in the Enlightenment 27 1.6 The History of the Stolp Competition in the Nineteenth Century 32 1.7 The Legatum Stolpianum in its Modern Form 34 1.8 Bibliography 38 2 Archives of the Legatum Stolpianum 45 2.1 Introduction 47 2.2 Overview 51 2.3 Inventory 55 2.4 Index of Mottos 191 3 Appendices 209 3.1 Extract from the Testament of Jan Stolp 211 3.2 List of Prize Questions 243 3.3 Index of Known Contest Entrants 277 3.4 List of Illustrations 281

Preface
Acknowledgments The work on this book began three years ago in the context of my activities as Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter at the Forschungszentrum Europaische Aufklarung in Potsdam. There I was invited to join the DFG-sponsored project ‘Preisfragen als Institution der Wissenschaftsgeschichte im Europa der Aufklarung’ developed by Dr. Cornelia Buschmann. The project has worked toward the grand ideal of documenting all activities related to prize essay competitions throughout Europe in the era of the Enlightenment - a work of immense proportions. This volume is the product of only one small aspect of a much larger conception, and has benefited from the collegial work with Karl Hildebrand, Christine Damis, Annett Volmer, Simone Zurbuchen, and above all, Cornelia Buschmann. Special thanks for their help are also due to other colleagues in Potsdam: Winfried Siebers, Joachim Rees, Jens Haseler and Joachim Eibach. The present volume is the product of countless hours of research in the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) provided funding for the first research trip in April 2001. In the following years the generous support of the Scaliger Institute at Leiden University enabled me to spend several months in resi dence, making detailed research and catalogue work possible. For their assistance and guid ance during my stays in Leiden, thanks are due to to the Scaliger Institute, and especially to Prof. Paul Hoftijzer, Dr. Geert Warnar and Kasper van Ommen. I also wish to express my warmest appreciation to my dear friend, Iza Wolff-Craandijk, who took it upon herself to proofread large sections of the manuscript inventory. The contributions made to this book by Dr. André Bouwman, Keeper of Western Manuscripts at Leiden University Library, deserve special mention. Above and beyond the regular application of his skills in library science to the Stolp materials, he spent many hours analyzing, organizing and cataloguing the A-section of this inventory. The co-ordi nation between the two chief divisions of the catalogue, investigations on historical per sonalities, helpful suggestions and criticism of my work, as well as his editorial works on this volume—these and many further tasks have made this book a collaborative project. My ardent gratitude to André for his friendship, patience and persistence. For their contributions toward preparing the foreign-language mottos for print we also express our recognition to Prof. C.L. Heesakkers (Greek mottos) and Prof. R. Munk (Hebrew mottos). Thanks also go to M. van der Loo and A.A. Foster for their translation of Stolp’s testament. Finally, our gracious appreciation goes to Prof. Wim Drees and the other members of the present curatorium of the Legatum Stolpianum for making the precious volume of the Acta and other internally-held materials available for these investigations. Our congratulations go out to all the curators of the last 250 years for sustaining the proud history of Jan Stolp’s heritage into the modern era! James Jakob Fehr
‘Praemium Acad. Leidensis ex Legato J. Stolp’: obverse and reverse of the prize medal.
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11 1 History of the Legatum Stolpianum The Legatum Stolpianum in Leiden is quite possibly the longest-living corporate body in Europe dealing with questions of the philosophy of religion (specifical ly with natural theology and Christian ethics). Its remarkable 250-year tradition testifies to the possibility of maintaining an institution of learning in the human ities throughout centuries of change. In spite of the disruptions caused by numerous wars and economic disasters, in spite of altering customs and forms of public education, the prize essay competitions that are the chief legacy of its founder, Jan Stolp, flourished for centuries and have persisted up to today. 1.1 The Surviving Documents Equally fortunate for modern scholars is the preservation of an archive of prize essay manuscripts dating from 1754 to 1960 in the Department of Western Manuscripts of the University Library in Leiden. The collection that is docu mented in this volume includes approximately 420 manuscripts, of which over 380 date from 1754 to 1787, along with numerous other contemporaries letters, attests, financial records and other papers. This collection affords researchers the opportunity to make empirically-founded investigations of philosophical and theological interest, especially with respect to the transcultural dissemination of ideas in diachronic or synchronic perspective, as these were apprehended by the educated public in the Age of Enlightenment and beyond. They also offer the possibility of examining the differing traditions in various parts of Europe con cerning manuscript production (analyses of the physical format and shape of papers, the development of handwriting) and transmission (dating of envelopes, travel routes and the speed of postal services). Various exemplary manuscripts, envelopes, sealing marks, motto slips and related materials are included in the illustrations of this volume. Little is known about the history of the conservation of the Stolp papers, in spite of the meticulous records kept by the curators in their Acta in conventibus Clarissimorum Virorum, qui Legato Stolpiano curando, administrando praesunt, which will referred to hereinafter as the Acta (see illustration #38).' These min utes allow us to confirm, however, that all contest entries received before the competition deadlines were noted, enumerated and preserved by the acting sec retary. Excepting cases where manuscripts were returned to prize winners or 1 The Acta, which have been kept up from 1753 to the present, are preserved in the Stolp archives (inv. A 1.4).
12 HISTORY other contestants, these were all preserved and initially bundled in crude wrap pers according the relevant prize question (hereinafter ‘PQ’). We may assume that these were kept in the home of the acting secretary; in 1853 at the centenary of the legacy’s existence a wooden chest (see cover 1 was purchased to hold the expanding aggregation of historical records. 2 Eventually the chest was moved to the Bibliotheca Thysiana, a public library at the Groenhazengracht also curated by professors of Leiden University, and as late as 1890 it was being actively used. 3 With the waning interest in prize essay competitions at the end of that century the chest fell into disuse. In 1938 the legacy’s curators no longer knew where it was located. 4 On 28 May 1953 the new chairman, Sassen, announced that it had been rediscovered in the Bibliotheca Thysiana, and it was decided to grant the historically important papers to the University Library. 5 Through the efforts of the present curator of the library, André Bouwman, these papers have now been analysed and inventorised for the first time and placed in appropriate protective wrappers.
13 1.2 MISSING MANUSCIPTS - 1.3 BEGINNINGS vour and contemporary curators pondered the question whether the Legatum Stolpianum ought to be disbanded. However, at a meeting of the curatorium on 13 October 1795 under the terms of the Provisional Representatives of the People of Holland it was decided that it would best serve the public good to continue the competition without interruption. 9 This fact suggests that there was no break in the Legatum’s activities and that its curators were not directly involved in the political disturbances. If one takes other historical facts and the precise dates of the surviving manu scripts into consideration, another explanation might be suggested. On the 12 January 1806 a military ship carrying gunpowder and docked on the Rapenburg in the centre of Leiden exploded, destroying an entire neighborhood. Among those killed was the university professor, Johan Luzac, who had joined the cura torium of the Legatum Stolpianum in 1800. Luzac had been named president of the curatorium in 1801 and may well have taken possession of the Stolp papers. His house was destroyed by the blast of the gunpowder ship, although some materials were later recovered. Whether some of the early Stolp papers were also recovered can only be speculated — in the Acta there is only one brief mention of Luzac’s death. 10 This would however explain why the curatorium’s prize essay register and the manuscripts dating from 1754 to 1787 survived. * 11
14 HISTORY Studiosorum on 17 September. 12 He seems never to have completed his studies; he matriculated a second time as ‘candidatus iuris’ on 22 March 1727, when he was 55 years old (see illustrations p. 15). Stolp was wealthy enough to sustain a lifestyle in the pursuit of scholarly interests. He was content to remain an ‘ambteloos burger’, a member of the university without office, throughout his life. At least that is what he expresses in a Latin inscription dated 7 May 1744 in the Album Amicorum of Jacob Michielsz. Elias (see illustration p. 16): Stet, quicunque volet, potens Aulae culmine lubrico: Me dulcis saturet quies! Obscuro positus loco Leni perfruar otio! Nullis nota quiritibus Aetas per taciturn flat! (‘Let those who will attain to the heights of the palace; set in an obscure place I wish to enjoy my peace and let my life flow past unknown to the public’.) 13
Jan Stolp matriculated at Leiden University 17 September 1694 (aged 23) and 22 March 1727 (aged 55), which was recorded in two volumes of the Album Studiosorum. - (UB Leiden, ASF 12; ASF 14).
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17 1.3 BEGINNINGS
18 HISTORY aid those teachers who were responsible for cultural and religious education. This is a common theme of the Enlightenment, but Stolp is especially interesting because he was a very early champion of public scientific institutions for the pro tection of religious faith. Later societies in the Netherlands followed his example: Teylers Godgeleerd Genootschap, which came into being in Haarlem in 1778, and the Genootschap tot Verdediging van den Christelyken Godsdienst established 1785 in the Hague. 19 But before going on to describe the competition, we should first make brief men tion of another aspect of the legacy that was also intended to uphold religious faith. The testament also made provision for the purchase of books for the university library: ‘good authors who, in defence of the Christian religion in general, have treated morality, natural history and physics’. 20 These purchases, which alternated between philosophically and theologically related subjects, were made regularly and recorded by the university library in a catalogue (see illustration p. 19). 21 After the initial century of the Legatum Stolpianum, when prize essays were awarded less frequently, more money was invested in these purchases, and so over the centuries the Legatum has made a significant contribution to the stocks of the Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden.
V l&TZS 'lM « / i/ X V ' /J /? s- ' X * l- As/ct/ki • i //7 /lira/ < /si OfrétJ 7<h~s "n 7 ' ' ~> - < "tS-rz //tis 'Ckc . (x r„ rp n . !7S/\. Jl ifr/jf céa. _ ■ . g 4 , <ium • , ,,, , ft , /.i rii, • /ros-, j /wf • ^ 1 "v/c-11 ‘•'tï ■ 17'/zt-r-tt£ art/ %l C4 l en/e} i ë£t.p c t?-ri7 ó-tf c Mw£- y/fla a iritrf- ■ ^ //S jT A 'K<A<re/&s QiS(k/eA«f. 4^ ] ** sXa,/u*m/. jQnJflfiyo ■ // Uvl/u» *yj?r**un^ é- \//,, Lrt/b./,fi,s'/Zf($r&astty<7 f{jay , (Q t A*-~' /&-• ^ ^^^* c ** 1 — i z£ ' '' /d'/tfrS.i-/- frd/viisea 'J',(*ê±. 1 ‘^ötïa Library register with book acquisitions financed by the Legatum Stolpianum, p. 1: Libri in folio. - (UB Leiden, BA1 C 17: VIII).
20 HISTORY
r •* cê\ %: 'i >l *1| rM&3 mmmÊK % :-;. «Hf '#j#* ~ ■* / nhH >«r«4 ^Pc— <-a MA f ^»*c / W A Mt^ > /♦»’ 1 fl pn fe UT" ifili ftHl® TRAS l^ixrM 4ci«rewi-w m^ö-d BAf/Swst 4<4*- /Eu>%*jïrs. A TO J. JT&4P Drawings by Frans van Mieris for the manufacture of the prize medal, formerly appendices to the original testament. - (A 2.1)
22 HISTORY toward a shining temple on a hill. Below are the words: monstrat iter tutumque facit ‘she (Fides) shows the way and makes it safe’. The early published volumes up to 1834 also contained the images of the medal on the title page. The reverse, Christiana Morum, is displayed on the left side; the obverse, Theologia Naturalis, on the right (see illustrations p. 39,40). Stolp wished to open the competition to as many persons as possible, while maintaining its Dutch character, and so submissions could be in made in Dutch or Latin. He further opened the competition by setting it up in such a manner that representatives of all confessions, including dissenters, could participate. The decision-making process of the curatorium was not to be influenced by arbitrary or partisan opinions, since prejudice would preclude choosing a winner solely on rational merit. To ensure confessional neutrality, an explicit goal of his contest, the identity of the authors was protected by impartiality during the judging process. To this end the essays were to be sent in anonymously. Essays revealing their authors’ names were catalogued with the anonymous ones, but forfeited the right to be considered for the prize; so for example Ernestus Rogvois with his prize essay (B 6.1), submitted for PQ6: 1765 (Rational basis of revealed ethics). To identify the authors of winning entries, a motto (zinspreuk or devise) was to be placed at the beginning or end of the essay. This same motto was to be con tained on a slip of paper bearing the name and address of the entrant. When the curators met to judge the manuscripts, the name of the winner was revealed by opening the envelope bearing the same motto as the winning entry. All other motto slips were subsequently burnt to protect the anonymity of the authors. 26 This practice, although it preserved the integrity of the judging process, has the disadvantage of having left us with a collection of essays whose origin cannot be determined, except in certain unusual cases (see 2.4 Index of Mottos). 27 It also means that surviving motto slips are a rarity; fortunately, there are eight surviv ing motto slips in the Stolp collection (see illustration p. 23). 28 On the other hand, the protection offered by anonymity has led to the preservation of critical and even derisive or scurrilous contributions. We do not know in detail how the essays were judged, except that presumably all of the judges read all of the manuscripts, although this would have meant a great 26 This practice is still observed by the prize essay competition of Teylers Godgeleerd Genootschap in Haarlem. 27 Some authors added their names and addresses and then attempted to hide their identification by pasting sheets of paper over them, e.g. B 12.27. But in most cases, we know only the names of authors who won prizes. Occasionally, prizes were awarded anonymously, because the authors never revealed themselves. 28 The surviving motto slips in the main part of the Stolp collection are kept with the following manuscripts: B 1.4,3.22,8.5,8.16,8.35,9.6,12.27,52.2. For the motto slips of the prize winners see inv. A 3.
(ö £o- A r; ^^^-^==-^ 2 -^ : y^' ~^Z~Zg- ' 6(_i r t/t ^y “'*’" r~? Motto slip of Accessit winner Abraham Perrenot, belonging to prize essay B 6.49. - (A 3.6)
24 HISTORY deal of work in such cases as PQ6:1765 (The rational basis of revealed religion), which induced 59 responses. Several circulation lists written on the wrappers in which the manuscripts were held have been retained, showing how the curators organized the reading process. So for example the manuscript B 2.4 contains the following circulation list. The name listed in the right column is the signature of the professor who has read the manuscripts (in this case twelve of them) and who then sends them on to the person listed to the left of his name: As we noted, another regulation intended to maintain a fair and reasonable deci sion was the non-confessional nature of the competition. It is interesting to note how this rule was put into practice by the early curators - since the personalities who compose the curatorium were and are decisive for the decisions made. In its first formulation the testament stipulates that an equal number of professors from the philosophical and theological faculties of Leiden University are to be represented in the curatorium. Shortly before his death, Stolp altered the terms of his will to reduce the number of theologians. In October 1753 he designates the following inaugural curators: ‘Rector Magnificus Weis, Mr J. Schultens, Professor of Theology, Mr Rucker, Professor of Law, Mr Gaubius, Professor of Medicine, Messrs. Hemsterhuis, Musschenbroek, Lulofs, Allemand, all from the Faculty of Philosophy’. 29 Hence, only one theologian was appointed. This was an unusual decision, given that the questions dealt with were equally of theological and philosophical import and their subject-matters were equally subjects of instruction in the philosophical and theological faculties in the eighteenth cen tury. Stolp offers no explanation for this decision, but it was likely influenced by problems among the personalities in the theological faculty. 30 The curatorium operated entirely autonomously: no distinction was made between the executive board and the judging committee. Membership in the 29 See 3.1 Extract from the Testament of Jan Stolp, p. 239. Musschenbroek declined his nomina tion; Adrianus van Royen was elected in the same year to replace him; Acta, p. 3. 30 Otterspeer points to a decline in the theological faculty from 1725 to 1749; W. Otterspeer, Groepsportret met Dame. Vol. 2: De vesting van de macht: de Leidse universiteit 1673-1775. Amsterdam, 2002, p. 210,256,330. Cf. Berg 1985, Berg 1999.
25 1.4 RULES OF THE COMPETITION
26 HISTORY
27 1.5 ENLIGHTENMENT the curatorium may have opposed certain features of conventional Reformed theology, in the eighteenth century it was still persuaded that reason leads ineluctably to belief in God. In November 1791 the announcement of the prize question (PQ19: The Signs of Providence) was accompanied by the remark that ‘human beings can in many cases attain to knowledge of final causes, and [we] desire therefore that the gentlemen-writers should address their essays to the unravelling of the characteristic features by which in special and distinct cases we can be certain in identifying its signs’. 39 1.5 The Place of the Legatum Stolpianum in the Enlightenment In 1787 the Schwab case forced the university senate to wrestle over a question that we also might ask: What kind of organisation was the Legatum Stolpianum supposed to be: an academic institute or a public society? It was a tussending, something in between. Unlike most other prize essay competitions, it was not the instrument of a conventional genootschap (public society). In Leiden the only true ‘members’ of the institution were the full professors who comprised the curatorium. Nor did its members strive to engage in public dialogue (for example, through open lectures); its primary raison d’etre was the adjudication of aca demically-oriented prize essays. And yet, although it is clearly more like an aca demic than a learned society, it was certainly not a part of the university, either. It had independent financing and addressed itself directly to the learned public outside of the university. Indeed, it shared with conventional societies the goal of moving the discussion of central issues of religion and res publica away from the exclusive control of schools of higher learning, in the interest of a broader, egalitarian, cultural education. And finally, its curators were not truly answerable to any external body. Only in the unusual circumstance that they would not agree amongst themselves were they obliged to appeal to the rector and senate. 40 Of those societies offering philosophically-oriented prize questions, the most famous was probably the Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften; in the Netherlands Teylers Godgeleerd Genootschap became the most prominent. This theological society (the ‘eerste’, as distinct from the ‘tweede Genootschap’) was established 1778, but planned more than 20 years earlier, probably instigated in part by the earlier example of Jan Stolp. 41 Teyler, not unlike Stolp, was immense ly wealthy and interested in the advance both of reason and religion. Wijnand 39 Acta, p. 143-144. 40 Stolp designated that disputes that could not be resolved within the curatorium itself must appeal to the university senate, cf. 3.2 Extract from the Testament, art. 15. 41 The decision was made in 1756; Mijnhardt, ‘De Nederlandse Verlichting’ (1978), p. 72.
28 HISTORY
29 1.5 ENLIGHTENMENT Stolp determined that the prize was to be given every two years alternately in the fields of natural theology and Christian morals. Both subject areas were stand ards elements of university teaching and sub-disciplines of metaphysics. But whereas the various issues of Christian morals proved to arouse passions in the public sphere, questions of natural theology were by their nature largely matters of dispute only within the academic community. Here the surviving manuscripts show the influence of Christian Wolff’s philosophy. Wolffianism, the dominant school of rationalism in European philosophy until the Kantian era, emphasized the claim that all truths must harmonize with each other, and that their system atic unity is a sign of their correctness. To that end, terminological precision and chains of sound logical argumentation are necessary. Wolff was also convinced of the usefulness of such a system of proven belief: it would lead to the social and religious improvement of society. Hence, it is not surprising that his philosophi cal views played an important role in all of the early competitions in natural theo logy, and remained the chief object of discussion in the field of the philosophy of religion for decades. Clearly, many of the early curators in Leiden were disposed to Wolff’s philosophy and saw the Legatum as an instrument for pursuing and advancing the ideas of the Enlightenment - understood in the special form of religious Enlightenment also popular in Germany and England. 45 The extent to which prominent concepts and arguments made their way into public thinking can be accurately measured by examining the manuscripts. A brief example: In response to PQ6: 1765 (Rational basis of revealed ethics) an entrant refers to the following authors in documenting his argument: Grotius, Buddeus, Baumgarten, Meier’s Philosophische Sittenlehre, Puffendorf, Hobbes’ Leviathan, and a review of Hume’s Enquiry concerning the principles of morals. 46 The initial prize questions seem to address purely academic matters, as when the early questions of natural theology address the cosmological and ontological proofs of God’s existence and the issues of theodicy. 47 Yet this is not so. The fas cinating process of announcing and judging prize questions open a direct win- 45 On the matter of Enlightened religion, see L.H.M. Wessels, ‘Tussen ratio en revelatio. De Nederlandse Verlichting beoordeeld; enkele historiografische notities betreffende cultuur, men taliteit en religie in de achttiende eeuw’, in P. Rietbergen (ed.), De periferie in het centrum: opstellen aangeboden aan M. G. Spiertz bij gelegenheid van zijn 25-jarig ambtsjubileum. Nijmegen 1987. On the special characteristic combination of tolerance and piety in the Dutch Enlighten ment, see Hans Bots and Rob van de Schoor, ‘La tolérance a travers les dictionaires dans les décennies autour de 1700’, in: C. Berkvens-Stevelinck, J. Israel und G.H.M. Posthumus Meyes (eds.) The Emergence of Tolerance in the Dutch Republic. Leiden 1997. 46 See inv. B 6.30.
30 HISTORY dow onto the central intellectual debates of the latter eighteenth century. Detailed investigation of the curatorial decisions would show that prize ques tions were often directly connected to various controversies in Dutch belles let tres, for example the so-called Socratic war instigated by Marmontel’s Belisairé 6 and PQ10: 1773 (Moral sense). 49 That is, the choice of topics for the prize con tests was largely determined by contemporary debates. They agreed fully with Stolp in their intention to combat religious doubt and deviant Christian organi sations. Johan Jacob Schultens (1716-1778), Professor for Oriental Languages and Theology and one of the initial curators, was concerned that Arianism and Unitarianism ‘might become questions a la mode in the Netherlands, as has hap pened or is happening in England, Switzerland and Germany’. 50 This intention remains to the end of the century, as when the PQ16: 1785 (On Dissent in Christian Society), which as we noted was won by Schwab, is probably posed as a reaction to Johann Gottlieb Toellner’s Ware grunden, warumm Gott die Offenbarung mitkeinen augenscheinlicheren Beweisen fursehn hat. Toellner’s essay had been recently translated into Dutch and published in the Netherlands. 51 A brief survey of the Stolp manuscripts suggests that the reception of the Enlightenment among the authors can be traced in growing measure to the influence of German philosophy in eighteenth century Dutch thinking. - We might also note here that curatorial decisions were not only criticized by theolo gians from within the university. The decisions and/or the prize winners were often commented on in learned journals, as when Jean des Champs reporting from London criticized Frederik Witteveen’s winning entry, ‘De Eigenschappen 47 The first curatorium may have been influenced in this direction by the published lectures of the Leiden philosophy professor and Stolp curator, Johannes Lulofs (1711-1768): Primae lineae the- ologiae naturalis theoreticae secundum normam emendatae ontologiae et pneumatologiae, Leiden 1756 and 1768. For this indication I am indebted to Henri Krop of the Faculteit der Wijsbegeerte, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. On Lulofs, see F. Sassen, Johan Lulofs (1711- 1768) en de reformatorische Verlichting in de Nederlanden. Amsterdam 1965. 48 See E. van der Wall, Socrates in de hemel? Hilversum 2000. 49 An earlier example is the first prize question in ethics: PQ2:1757, ‘In what manner can persons who have no knowledge of divine revelation make progress in ethical doctrines by the sole light of reason?’, which is a direct reaction to Christian Wolff’s ethical position. See his Rede iiber die praktische Philosophie der Chienesen, 1721. 50 Paul van Gestel, ‘“De verbasteringen van het Christendom” Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) en de Nederlandse Verlichting’, De achttiende eeuw 30 (1998), p. 25. See also J.J. Schultens, Berigt nopens de Waarschuuwinge van ... J.J. Schultens ... Tegen de Catachismus-verklaringe. Gemeen gemaakt en met eene Voorreede verrijkt door een Gezelschap van Liefhebberen der Waarheid. Amsterdam 1755. 51 See manuscript B 16.13.
31 1.5 ENLIGHTENMENT dewelke uit het Bestaan van een Noodzaaklyk Weezen noodzaaklyk voortvloejen’ (PQ5: Metaphysical attributes of divinity) in the Journal encyclopédique in 1765, because - so Des Champs - it merely repeated Christian Wolff’s arguments. 52 This brings us to the question as to how the curators came to formulate and pub licize their questions. The matter of advertising the question was easily resolved. Widely disseminated, representative literary journals in various West European countries were informed of the conditions for submissions. The first prize ques tion (PQ1: The varieties of cosmological proofs of God’s existence) was adver tised in Latin, Dutch and French in the following journals: Relationes de libris novis Gottingianas, Acta Eruditorum Lipsiensia, Hollandsche Jaerboeken, Boekzaal der Geleerden, Bibliothèque impartiale, Journal de Savans, Journal Britannique de Ms. Maty. 53 In 1807 the following journals were informed: ‘Nuntio litterario (Letterboode), de Boekzaal, de Gott. Anzeigen, de Literatuur-Zeitung en de Magazin encyclopedique’. 54 But as the cultural practice of prize essay competi tions grew in popularity, other regional newspapers and journals took it upon themselves to repeat the announcements. A medical doctor by name of Hummel, who practiced in Elberfeld, submitted an entry prefaced with the remark: ‘On the 22 nd of March 1768 I read in the Lipstadter Zeitung that a certain Joh. Stolpe has left a legacy setting out that the professors of the Academy at Leiden are to func tion as executors for a prize of a medal worth 250 guilders donated by Stolp, to be granted to the best answer to the following question ,..’ 55 This voluntary prac tice, which continued into the nineteenth century, made it easy for the curators to promulgate their contests. It guaranteed a very broad international readership, so that, although by far the greatest number of entries came from the Netherlands, many were also sent to Leiden from such disparate lands as Spain, France, Prussia, Bavaria, Switzerland, Russia and even Galicia. The other issue, choosing an appropriate question, was initially a straightforward issue of popular metaphysics (proofs of divine existence, relation between reve lation and reason), but by the 1780’s it had taken an entirely different tone. The intellectual background which determined whether a question was ‘appropriate’ had changed. By this time, the initial stock-in-trade of scholastic metaphysics had been under attack for decades and was falling into disrepute. Furthermore, 52 Witteveen s essay (inv. B 5.8) was published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad theologiam naturalem spectantes pro praemio Legati Stolpiani conscriptae, 1/3 (1764), p. 1-52. Des Champs’ critique appeared in Journal encyclopédique, vol. 5 (August 1765), p. 115-123. 53 Acta, p. 2. 54 Acta, p. 156. Authors often make reference to the source of their information concerning the prize question. Some examples: ‘Harlemmer Crant’ (manuscript B 8.28); ‘Litteris Berolinensis’ (manu script B 12.5). 55 See manuscript B 8.1.
32 HISTORY the curatorium in Leiden, as we noted, was caught up in the political and ethical debates of the day. Stolp’s initial intention of shoring up the traditional argu ments in favour of Christian doctrine were no longer seen as the best means of promoting faith (especially in the category Christiana Morum). Rather, one wished to know what relationship existed between Christ’s ethics and public behaviour in a Christian society (PQ14), whether dissent (PQ16) or slavery (PQ20) were permissible, whether such conundrums as the relation between divine providence and human freedom might be resolved (PQ17), or by what means superstition might be effectively combatted (PQ21). These were all ques tions of religious practice. Through the clarification of these issues, contempo raries believed that they would make a better contribution toward sustaining and defending faith in Enlightened culture. At the same time, we note that these ques tions were not as ‘popular’ as the earlier ones — at least in the sense that a notice able decline in the number of submissions had set in.
33 1.6 NINETEENTH CENTURY
34 HISTORY number, although the great majority were predikanten, pastors, presbyters and priests. 61 But by the early nineteenth century, this variety is lost. Because later prizes were awarded only rarely, the practice of publishing winning essays in the series titled Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad theologiam natu- ralem spectantes pro praemio legati Stolpiani conscriptae (natural theology) and Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christianam morum doctrinam spectantes pro praemio legati Stolpiani conscriptae (Christian morals) ceased after 1838. After the discontinuation of these series, there were four further winning essays that were published by the Legatum itself: PQ42: 1853 (won by U.P. Okken), PQ50: 1873 (C.B. Spruijt), PQ56:1889 (G. Heymans) and PQ66:1913 (J. Clay). The last medal seems to have been granted to G. Heymans in 1889 (PQ56); thereafter cash prizes were made. 62 1.7 The Legatum Stolpianum in its Modern Form By the end of the nineteenth century, the curators were expressing concern about what direction their institution ought to take. It was becoming the exception that submissions were received for their questions. In 1930 several unusual events took place in the history of the Legatum Stolpianum. For the first time, two essays were awarded the ‘First Prize’ (Tinbergen and Langen) for their answers to an economic question without the slightest connection to issues of religion or philosophy (PQ74). After this aberration, the prize questions returned to the field of religion and philosophy. But a further break with the past became the rule. For the first time, first prizes essays were not published by the Legatum itself, and thereafter winning essays were published independently with the financial assistance of the Legatum - so for example, Galama’s doctoral thesis (winner of PQ84:1953). At the bicentenary of the Legatum Stolpianum, a prize question addressing the history of the institution was issued (PQ85: 1955). At that time very little infor- 61 Here is a brief list of most of the known professions: pastors. Hecht, Broens, Schroeder, Meyer, Le Roy; theology teachers at the Doopsgezinde school in Amsterdam: Hulshoff, Hovens, De Vos; presbyters and priests: Jarossik, Periconia Panorma; theologians: Manger, Mollik; theology students: Colonius, Fagaras; medical doctors. Monnikhoff, Hummel; businessmen: Verstap (Koopman te Rotterdam), Rey (Negociant). For their essays, refer to 3.3 Index of Contest Entrants. 62 In 1889 G. Heymans requested that he receive not cash, but a medal in the same value; Acta, p. 275. The curators’ cash book shows an expenditure of ƒ276 in favour of the Munt College in Utrecht, for the minting of the coin (inv. A 7.2, s.v. 1890); see also inv. A 2.4. In lanuary 1892 the chairman of the curatorium announced that Heymans had given his medallion to the new Universiteits-fonds as a form of financial support; Acta, p. 277.
35 1.7 MODERN FORM mation was publicaUy available for an investigation of the Legatum’s history. Those historical materials known to be preserved were the manuscripts from 1755-1787 and 1809-1950, as well as various correspondence, financial receipts and administrative papers. Some of these were kept in the Bibliotheca Thysiana, others were in the possession of members of the curatorium. Some concern was voiced as to whether these papers ought be released for historical investigation. 63 In fact, no submissions were received by the May 1955 deadline, and at this caesura in the history of the Legatum the curators began to address the question of modernizing their institution. At a meeting held 10 May 1957 some curators argued that prize essay competi tions were no longer of significance in the twentieth century. Not only is the search for scientific progress in the modern era no longer a matter of common public debate - our conception of the relationship between scientific activity and religious life is problematic, to say the least. A new purpose (doelstelling) for the Legatum Stolpianum ought to be sought. 64 After a process of re-thinking it was eventually decided to direct the prizes exclusively toward doctoral students. The formal decision to cease announcing prize questions came on 21 December I960. 65 Thereafter, it was decided that prizes were to be issued to young persons in the Netherlands who produced academic studies of significance in the relevant fields. The various university faculties of theology in the country were asked to bring dissertations to the attention of the curatorium. A further step towards modernization of the legacy was the decision to establish a legal foundation (stichting). The articles of association of the ‘Stichting Legatum Stolpianum’ were formally registered on 1 June 1979 by Robert Feenstra, acting on behalf of his fellow curators, H.J. Heering, C.A. van Peursen, W. den Boer, H. van der Laan and W. Luyendijk (see illustration p. 44). On 2 June 1989 it was formal ly decided that this renewed form of competition should grant prizes every five years. 66 And in conclusion, in this year, at the 250th anniversary of the very first prize posed on 15 February 1754, J.J. Kole’s name has been added to the long list of worthy winners. 63 Acta, p. 337f. 64 Acta, p. 348. 65 Acta, p. 353. 66 Acta, p. 365.

Praemium Stolpianum awarded to Dr. Palmyre Oomen on 23 April 2001, in the Senaatskamer of the Academiegebouw (PQ95: 2001). The prizewinner is listening to the speech by Prof. L. Leertouwer, Rector Magnificus of Leiden University, who is flanked by the curators of the Legatum Stolpianum (left: Profs. J.H. Nieuwenhuis, M.E.H.N. Mout, B.G. Sundholm; right: Profs. H.J. Adriaanse, H. Beukers). Photographs: Marc de Haan.
38 HISTORY 1.8 Bibliography (1) Published Prize Essays Initially, the Stolp prize was awarded every second year. Since all first prize and accessit winning essays were published, the number of volumes expanded rapid ly. From 1755 to 1835 35 prize questions were issued, of which 23 resulted in publications. These 23 collections of prize essays were printed in ten volumes. They are tabulated below with reference to the library locations of each. Since the subject area alternated between natural theology and Christian morals, the two series also alternated in publication - at least initially. After 1785 the publication of the Theologia naturalis series was suspended until 1838. Volume five of the Christiana morum series is of special value, because the unpublished manuscripts of these years are missing. The first column designates the publication dates of the individual prize issues, the second indicates the prize question. The third col umn gives the library and call number where these publications may be found (UBL = Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden; SUBG = Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Gottingen). Dissertationes Latinae etBelgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae 1/1 (1756) 1/2 (1760) 1/3 (1764) II/l (1768) 11/2 (1773) II/3 (1776) III/l (1780) III/2 (1784) IV (1838) PQ1:1755 PQ3: 1759 PQ5: 1763 PQ7: 1767 PQ9: 1772 PQ11: 1775 PQ13: 1779 PQ15: 1783 PQ35:1837 UBL, 554 C9 UBL, 554 C9 UBL, 554 C9 UBL, 554 CIO UBL, 554 CIO UBL, 554 CIO UBL, 554 Cl 1 UBL, 554 Cl 1 UBL, 554 C12 Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae III (1758) 1/2 (1762) II (1766) III/l (1770) III/2 (1774) IV/1(1782) IV/2 (1786) V/l(1790) V/2 (1796) PQ2:1757 PQ4: 1761 PQ6: 1765 PQ8: 1769 PQ10: 1773 PQ14: 1781 PQ16: 1785 PQ18:1789 PQ21:1795 UBL, 554 C13; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:1 UBL, 554 C13; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:1 UBL, 554 C14; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:2 UBL, 554 C15; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:3 UBL, 554 C15; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:3 UBL, 554 C16; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:4 UBL, 554 C16; SUBG, 4 TH MOR 134/13:4 UBL, 554 C17 UBL, 554 C17
DISSER.TATIONES LATINO et BELGTCA1 A D THEOLOGIAM NATURALEM , SPECTANTES. PRO P R 7E M I 0 LEGATI ST OLPIANI CONSCRIPTIE. TO M. I. L UGD UNI BJTJrORUM, Apud SAM. et JOH. LUCHTMANS, 1766. ACAD LVgd Tide page of Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, vol. I (Lugd. Batav. 1766), containing the winning prize essays of PQ1, PQ3 and PQ5. - (UB Leiden, 554 C 9).
DISSERTATIONES LATIN JE et BELGICA), A O CHRISTIANAM MORUM DOCTRINAM SPECTANTES, PRO P R jE M I 0 LEGATI STOLPIANI CONSCRIPT JE. TOM. I. L ü G D U NI BATAFORUM, Apud SAM.it JOH. LUCHTMANS, 1766. ACAD LVGD Ex Legato STOLPIANO. Title page of Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, vol. I (Lugd. Batav. 1766), containing the winning prize essays of PQ2, PQ4, PQ6. - (UB Leiden, 554 C13)
41 1.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY V/3 (1798) VI/1 (1811) VI/2 (1818) VII/1 (1824) VII/2 (1834) PQ22: 1797 PQ26: 1810 PQ28:1816 PQ30: 1823 PQ34: 1834 UBL, 554 Cl 7 UBL, 554 C18 UBL, 554 C18 UBL, 554 C18 UBL, 554 C18
42 HISTORY Berkvens-Stevelinck, C., J. Israel and G.H.M. Posthumus Meyes (eds.), The Emergence of Tolerance in the Dutch Republic. Leiden 1997. Berkvens-Stevelinck, C., Magna Commoditas: Geschiedenis van de Leidse universiteits bibliotheek 1575-2000. Leiden 2001. Bie, J.P. de and J. Loosjes, Biographische woordenboek van protestantsche godgeleerden in Nederland. ’s-Gravenhage, 1903-1949.5 vols. Buschmann, Cornelia, ‘Die philosophischen Preisfragen und Preisschriften der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften im 18. Jahrhundert’. In: Aufklarungin Berlin. Berlin 1989. Eijnatten, Joris van, Mutua christianorum tolerantia. Irenicism and Toleration in the Netherlands: The Stinstra Affair 1740-1745. Firenze 1998. Erlanger, Herbert, Origin and Development of the European Prize Medal to the End of the XVIIIth Century. Haarlem 1975. Gestel, Paul van, “‘De verbasteringen van het Christendom” Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) en de Nederlandse Verlichting’. In: De achttiende eeuw: documentatieblad Werkgroep achttiende eeuw 30 (1998), p. 3-29. Harnack, Adolf, Geschichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Berlin 1900.2 vols. Herderschee, J., De modern-godsdienstige richting in Nederland. Amsterdam 1904. Hofstee, N.F., Academia Lugduno Batava in Nummis. Leiden 1980. Hoik, H.J., ‘Gedachtenisrede bij de tweehonderdste gedenking der stichting van het Legatum Stolpianum’. 13 October 1953. Stencilled copy, UB Leiden, Stolp Inv.: A 4.3. Icones Leidenses. De portretverzameling van de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden. Samengesteld in opdracht van de Stichting Historische Commissie voor de Leidse Universiteit. Leiden 1973. Inventaris van het Archief van de Bibliotheek der Hoogeschool te Leiden, M 15: ‘Corres pondentie inzake de Legaten Perizonius en Stolp’. Typescript UB Leiden. Jacob, Margaret C. and Wijnand W. Mijnhardt (eds.) The Dutch Republic in the Eighteenth Century. Decline, Enlightenment and Revolution. Ithaca 1992. Jelsma, A.J., ‘Spiritualiteit en Verlichting’. In: P. Bange (ed.) Kerk en Verlichting: voor drachten gehouden tijdens het Windesheim Symposium te Windesheim op 18 november 1989. Zwolle 1990. Koene, B., ‘Het Stolpiaans Legaat en wat daaraan vooraf ging’. In: Gens Nostra. Maandblad der Nederlandse Genealogische Vereniging. 52 (1997), p. 80-91. Kossmann, E.H., Verlichte conservatisme: over Elie Luzac. Groningen 1966. Leeb, L, The Ideological Origins of the Batavian Republic. The Hague 1973. Lulofs, J., Primae lineae theologiae naturalis theoreticae secundum normam emendatae ontologiae et pneumatologiae. Leiden, 1756 and 1768. Meer, G. van der. ‘Prijspenningen van Nederlandsche geleerde genootschappen in de achttiende eeuw’. In: Documentatieblad Werkgroep Achttiende Eeuw 15 (1983), p. 1-20. Mijnhardt, Wijnand W, ‘De Nederlandse Verlichting’. In: F. Grijzenhout en Wijnand W. Mijnhardt (eds.) Voor vaderland en vrijheid: de revolutie van de patriotten. Amsterdam 1987. Molhuysen, P.C. (ed.), Bronnen tot de Geschiedenis der Leidsche Universiteit 1575-1811. Vol. VI: 1765-1795 (’s-Gravenhage 1923), Vol. VII: 1796-1811 (’s-Gravenhage 1924). Munk, R. W, Naftali Herz Uiman, een vroege maskil Inaugural speech Universiteit Leiden 2003.
43 1.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY Nauta, D. and A. de Groot. Biographisch lexicon voor de geschiedenis van het Nederlandse protestantisme. Kampen 1978-1988.3 vols. Op de bres: 200 jaar Haagsch Genootschap tot verdediging van de christelijke godsdienst (1785-1985). Den Haag 1985. Otterspeer, W., De wiekslag van hun geest: de Leidse Universiteit in de negentiende eeuw. Leiden 1992. Otterspeer, W., Groepsportret met Dame. Vol. 2: De vesting van de macht: de Leidse uni versiteit 1673-1775 (Amsterdam 2002). Pocock, J.G., ‘The Dutch Republican Tradition’. In: M.C. Jacob and W.W. Mijnhardt (eds.), The Dutch Republic in the Eighteenth Century. Decline, Enlightenment and Revolution. Ithaca, Cornell 1992. Sassen, Ferdinand, Johan Lulofs (1711-1768) en de reformatorische Verlichting in de Nederlanden. Amsterdam 1965. (Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, 28,7) Schrader, Fred E., ‘Aufklarungsgesellschaften und bürgerliche Assoziationen als Gegenstand der Sozialgeschichte. Ein Bericht’. In: Grenzgange. Beitrage zu einer mod ernen Romanistik 1 (1994), p. 123 ff. Schultens, J.J., Berigt nopens de Waarschuuwinge van J.J. Schultens ... Tegen de Catachismus-verklaringe. Gemeen gemaakt en met eene Voorreede verrijkt door een Gezelschap van Liefhebberen der Waarheid. Amsterdam 1755. Schwab, Johann Christoph. Erörterung der von den Kuratoren des Stolpischen Legats für das Jahr 1787 vorgelegten Preisaufgabe: Aus der Natur Gottes zu beweisen, dass die göt- tliche Prascienz unfehlbar und der Freyheit der menschlichen Handlungen nicht zuwider sey. Ulm 1788. Stoker, W, De christelijke godsdienst in de filosofie van de Verlichting: een vergelijkende studie over de geloofsverantwoording in het denken an Locke, de deisten, Lessing en Kant. Assen 1980. Teyler 1778-1978. Studies en bijdragen over Teylers Stichting naar aanleiding van het tweede eeuwfeest. Haarlem 1978. Thijssen-Schoute, C.L., Nederlands Cartesianisme. Utrecht 1989. Veen, T.J. and P.C. Kop., Zestig juristen: Bijdragen tot een beeld van de geschiedenis der Nederlandse rechtswetenschap. Zwolle 1987. Vermij, R.H., ‘Genootschappen en de Verlichting: enkele overwegingen’. In: De achttiende eeuw: documentatieblad Werkgroep achttiende eeuw 25 (1993), p. 3-23. Visser, R.P.W., ‘De Nederlandse geleerde genootschappen in de achttiende eeuw’, Documentatieblad Werkgroep 18e-eeuw 7 (1970), p. 7-18. Wagenaar, J. Vaderlandsche Historie, vol. 22:1752-1758 (Amsterdam 1788), p. 107-112. Wall, Ernestine van der, Socrates in de hemel? Een achttiende-eeuwse polemiek over deugd, verdraagzaamheid en de vaderlandse kerk. Hilversum 2000. Wessels, L.H.M. ‘Tussen ratio en revelatio: de Nederlandse Verlichting beoordeeld; enkele historiografische notities betreffende cultuur, mentaliteit en religie in de achttiende eeuw’. In: P. Rietbergen (ed.), De periferie in het centrum: opstellen aangeboden aan M.G. Spiertz bij gelegenheid van zijn 25-jarig ambtsjubileum. Nijmegen 1987. Wille, J., De literator R.M. van Goens en zijn kring. Studiën over de achttiende eeuw. Zuphen 1937.
tweede blad comparant, handelend als gemeld, verklaarde:— ———--. ... op negentien oktober zeventienhonderd drie en veertig de Heer Jan Stolp— bij geheim testament, waarvan de omslag verzegeld was door Hendrik Isacq | Kreet, destijds notaris te Leiden en dat in bewaring gegeven was bij de Heer—1 . David van Royen, destijds secretaris van Curatoren van de Universiteit Leiden,J een legaat heeft gemaakt aan genoemde Universiteit, waarvan de revenuen i dienen te worden besteed voor het periodiek uitreiken van een prijs aan de 1 schrijver van de beste verhandeling over de grondslagen van de natuurlijke J godsdienst of over de voortreffelijkheid van de Christelijke zedeleer - welk-— { legaat pleegt te worden aangeduid als M Legatum Stolpianum”- blijkende van— gemeld testament uit een aan deze akte te hechten transcriptie daarvan ——| 1“ dat de Heer Jan Stolp op deze testamentaire beschikking aanvullende testa ] mentaire beschikkingen heeft gemaakt, respectievelijk gedateerd de zesde- i j januari zeventienhonderd twee en vijftig en de elfde oktober zeventien j honderd drie en vijftig, welke beschikkingen eveneens in verzegelde bewaring—H zijn gegeven bij de Heer David van Royen voornoemd, blijkende van deze——— j beschikkingen eveneens uit aan deze akte te hechten transcripties j )"* dat tot de invoering van de voormalige Wet op Stichtingen gemelde instelling—j voldeed aan de toenmalige vereisten daarvoor, te weten: afgezonderd vermogen,-j ideeël doei en regeling van de wijze van benoeming der bestuurders, zodat —- het "Legatum Stolpianum" toen reeds als een stichting in de moderne zin van— rechtspersoon beschouwd diende te worden;— - dat na de invoering van gemelde Wet op Stichtingen het "Legatum Stolpianum"— stichting bleef op de voet van artikel 24 der Wet op Stichtingen; - dat derhalve ook na de invoering op zesentwintig juli negentienhonderdzes—■ enzeventig van het nieuwe Boek II van het Burgerlijk Wetboek het "Legatum —. Stolpianum" stichting/rechtspersoon is;— j I— dat de testamentaire bepalingen niet voldoen aan het vereiste van artikel— -j 286 lid 4 sub a van Boek II van het Burgerlijk Wetboek voor wat betreft de—— naam, omdat het woord "stichting" daarin niet voorkomt;—— j- dat weliswaar het testament niet voorziet in de mogelijkheid van wijziging,-—j doch naar heersende leer de bestuurders die wijzigingen kunnen aanbrengen—-—- die nodig zijn om de stichtingsakte aan te passen aan de vereisten der———— huidige wetgeving, meer in het bijzonder aan bovengemeld wetsartikel;———i - dat de drie gemelde testamentaire beschikkingen, mede omdat zij in achttiende—) eeuws Nederlands zijn gesteld en het woord "stichting" in de naam ontbreekt niet gevoeglijk in het Stichtingsregister kunnen worden ingeschreven;—— - dat derhalve - zoveel mogelijk in materiële overeenstemming met gemelde testamentaire beschikkingen - de statuten voor het "Legatum Stolpianum" kunnen worden vastgesteld als volgt: 1 ■■ 1 —------—— Naam en zetel» ——————————————————————— 1. De stichting is genaamd "Stichting Legatum Stolpianum" en is gevestigd te- 2. De stichting is opgericht voor onbepaalde tijd.— ; Artikel 2. —— —— 1. De stichting heeft ten doel het periodiek uitreiken van een prijs aan de— schrijver van de beste verhandeling over de grondslagen van de natuurlijke— godsdienst of over de voortreffelijkheid van de Christelijke zedeleer of enig ander onderwerp hetwelk de godsdienst of de zedenleer in het algemeen- betreft. — 2. De stichting tracht dit doel te bereiken met alle geoorloofde middelen, die tot dat doel kunnen strekken. ■ ■■-] Articles of association of the Stichting Legatum Stolpianum, dated 1 June 1979. - (A 1.6)
2 Archives of the Legatum Stolpianum
Wooden chest used for archival documents by the Legatum Stolpianum. — (A 6.10)
47 2.1 Introduction The archives of the Legatum Stolpianum, deposited at the Western Manuscripts department of Leiden University Library since 1955, contain approximately 420 prize essays from the competitions dating from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries, as well as various other documents and correspondence relating to the administration and financing of the competitions. The collection of administra tive documents produced by the curators of the Legatum Stolpianum has always been kept separately from the prize essay manuscripts. This division is there fore recognized in this inventory. The former category (A) is further subdivided topically, the latter (B) chronologically. Chief among the administrative documents of the curators are Jan Stolp’s testa ment, the Acta (minutes book of curatorial meetings, 1753-2004) and the prize essay register (with listings of all submissions to the prize competitions, 1754- 1864), all of which are collected under the section A 1. Further sections contain information of the design and production of prize medals (A 2), correspondence and motto slips pertaining to specific competitions (A3), publicity for announc ing prizes and prize winners (A 4), publication of prize winning essays (A 5), varia (e.g. deliberations among the curators, various unidentified manuscripts) (A 6), and then a variety of financial documents relating to expenditures and earnings (A 7). The prize essay manuscripts under the heading ‘B’ are classified by reference to the specific prize question being answered. The numerical sequence of this part of the inventory follows the chronological order in which the Curators announced the competitions and subsequently received the manuscripts — as this is recorded in the prize essay register begun in 1754. The call number of every document in the Stolp archives consists of a letter (A or B) and two numbers sep arated by a dot. For example: A 1.5 is the prize essay register; B 3.7 refers to the seventh manuscript submitted in relation with the third prize question, which closed in 1759. The guiding principle for classifying the manuscripts is however not the Register, but our ‘List of Prize Questions’ (see Appendix 3.2). This exhaustive list covers the two alternating subjects of the prize competitions (Natural theology and Christian morals) and includes all prize questions which were issued, whether or not an entry was submitted. This means that this list also accords a siglum to prize questions for which no submissions were received or where all manuscripts have been lost. The siglum ‘PQ3: 1759’ refers to the third prize question, on the
48 ARCHIVES proof of God’s existence from contingency, which closed in 1759. The manu scripts received in this competition, are classified as B 3.1 — B 3.25. For the first seventeen prize questions (PQ1: 1755 - PQ 17: 1785) the inventory is almost complete. Thereafter follow manuscripts B 26.1 — B 26.8, submitted to the prize question on swearing oaths (PQ26: 1810). Since certain manuscript collections are lost, for example, the ten submissions to the prize question on slavery (PQ20: 1793), the inventory lacks the call numbers B 20.1, B 20.2 etc. Further interrup tions in the inventory occur where no replies are made to certain prize questions. No manuscripts were ever submitted to the prize question on Spinoza (PQ27: 1808). Therefore, the inventory also lacks the call numbers B 27.1, B 27.2 etc. The systematic enumeration of the inventory reflects more than gaps in the archive (see the historical introduction). It also takes account of the dwindling popular ity of this form of information exchange, as can be seen in a glance using the overview (2.2) which precedes the inventory (2.3). Each prize essay competition might be dated according to the year when it was announced or file year when a prize was to be awarded. The curators were how ever not consistent in their designation. The earliest publications of the Stolp competition begin by using the date of award as the prize question year, but in the nineteenth century this changes to using the date when the question was announced. Each dating method has its disadvantages: some prize questions were repeated, meaning that the date of emission is not unambiguous; many prize questions were never answered, meaning that the date of award cannot be treated as a real category. In consonance with the categorisation principles of the database of the Prize Essay Project at the Forschungszentrum Europaische Aufklarung in Potsdam under the leadership of Cornelia Buschmann, we have decided to define the year of the prize question as the deadline for submitting entries. At first this was one year after its announcement, in later cases two years after the announcement. This is in many cases also the year in which a prize was in fact awarded. However, there are other cases where no prize was awarded and the question repeated (the first such decision to repeat a prize question occurred in October 1771). In those cases where a prize is subsequently awarded, the prize question is usually designated according to the delayed date of the award. If no prize is awarded - for example the prize question on the rebirth of the soul (PQ23: 1799) remained open for responses from 1798 to 1804 - then the prize question-year is designated as the year in which the first deadline was set (in this case: 1799). The description of the individual prize essay manuscripts is divided into two ele ments. After the call number the primary information about the content of the essay - to the extent that this is known - is given: author, title, motto and lan guage of the text. Then follows the secondary information giving the physical
49 2.1 INTRODUCTION description, date and publication of the manuscript, as well as remarks concern ing any unusual features of the manuscripts. Where the text is difficult to read, this is marked with a question mark in square brackets [?]. In many cases missing information has been reconstructed. Prize winning essays were often sent back to the author, who revised the text for publication. The tide and motto are then given as in the printed version. In other cases information can be found in the prize essay register or the Acta. In all such cases the inferred information is marked by square brackets [ ]. The author of the essay is also given, where this is known. Usually this is only known in the case of an essay that has been awarded a prize. But where the author has submitted his name in con travention of the rules, this is noted (e.g. B 6.9). Obvious pseudonyms are also mentioned. The title of the essay is given as in the manuscript, although without capitalization, italics or underscore. Two kinds of prizes were awarded. The judges of the eighteenth century designat ed these: dissertatio coronata (crowned essay) and dissertatio impressa (for the so- called accessit or subordinate prize winners). All winning prize essays of the eigh teenth and beginning of the nineteenth century were published by the curators of the Legatum Stolpianum (see 1.8 Bibliography). In accordance with the stand ards used by the database of the prize essay project in Potsdam, these awards are designated as ‘First prize winner’ and ‘Accessit winner’. The secondary information on the manuscript is ordered as follows, excepting those cases where it is noted that the manuscript is missing: number of sheets; author’s pagination; paper size in millimetres (heigth x breadth), collation, (absence of) binding, as well as references to accompanying envelopes or motto slips; name and address of the author; other remarks (mistakes in the prize essay register, additional documents, special remarks by the Stolp secretary, etc.); date received in Leiden; date given by the author; prize awarded (‘First prize winner’ or ‘Accessit winner’); references to related correspondence in the inventory; pub lication information. Nearly all prize essays are written on loose leaves or quires, which in many cases have been subsequently sewn or bound. In the physical description of these manuscripts the following technical terms are used: • conjugate leaves (= folded sheets/half sheets) vs. single leaves (unfolded) • conjugate leaves (proper = used consecutively) vs. quire (= conjugate leaves placed inside each other); unless otherwise stated not sewn/stitched • sewing: making stitches in the fold of conjugate leaves or quire(s) using two or more sewing stations • side-sewing: making stitches parallel to (and near) the fold of conjugate leaves or quire(s) using two ore more sewing stations
50 ARCHIVES stitching: making stitches across the fold of conjugate leaves or quire(s) using only one sewing station sewn (proper): two or more stitches made by using three or more sewing sta tions and the same thread sewn with pamphlet stitch: double stitches (inside and outside the fold) using three ore more sewing stations using the same thread sewn once, one stitch in the fold using two sewing stations sewn twice, two stitches in the fold made with separate threads using four sewing stations (2x2) sewn twice (over top/bottom): two stitches in the fold each using one sewing sta tion and the top or bottom of the fold (made with separate threads) stitched once, one stitch across the fold made with one sewing hole sewn/stitched together, conjugate leaves or quires fastened to each other with stitches without wrappers or covers. wrappers (flexible) vs. covers (inflexible, mostly cardboard) sewn/stitched in wrappers/covers (directly) vs. bound in wrappers/coversr. sewn quire or quires fastened indirectly using sewing thongs or pasting notebook prefabricated booklet with leaves written on in bound state coloured or decorated paper used as wrappers or as covering of the cardboard covers decorated paper: marbled paper, sprinkled paper, paste paper, block-printed paper, brocade paper (see cover illustrations)

52 ARCHIVES B 13 PQ13: 1779 * Proof of God’s uniqueness B 14 PQ14: 1781 * Christian ethics and public behaviour B 15 PQ15:1783 * Theodicy problem B 16 PQ16:1785 * Dissent in Christian society B 17 PQ17:1787 - Divine prescience and human freedom - PQ18: 1789 * Immortality of the soul and moral duty - PQ19: 1791 - The signs of Providence - PQ20:1793 - Christian morals and slavery - PQ21: 1795 * Superstition PQ22:1797 * Ethical principles and the diversity of cultures PQ23: 1799 - History of belief in rebirth of the soul - PQ24: 1801 - History as an instrument for teaching ethics PQ25:1806 - The history and successes of natural theology B 26 PQ26: 1810 * Swearing oaths PQ27: 1808 - On Spinoza B 28 PQ28: 1816 * Contradictions in moral duties PQ29: 1820 - Natural theology after Kant, Fichte and Schelling - PQ30: 1823 * Ancient Greek ethics and divinity - PQ31: 1826 - New developments in the natural sciences and God’s existence - PQ32: 1828 - Human temperament and moral character - PQ33:1831 - Pantheism PQ34:1834 * Relevance of Christ’s ethics for present-day controversies - PQ35:1837 * Principle of sufficient reason B 36 PQ36: 1839 - Schleiermacher’s views on Christian ethics B 37 PQ37:1842 - Moral feeling and God’s existence B 38 PQ38: 1846 - Distinction between philosophical and Christian ethics B 39 PQ39: 1848 - Concept of omniscience PQ40: 1849 - Distinction between philosophical and Christian ethics B 41 PQ41: 1850 - Teleological argument for God’s existence B 42 PQ42: 1853 * Education in the classics and Christian morals B 43 PQ43: 1854 - Right and duties of elders, church and state concerning education B 44 PQ44: 1856 - Moral proofs for the existence of a divine Lawgiver PQ45: 1858 - Christian ethics and political policy in the civilized world PQ46: 1861 - Proofs for God’s existence after Hegel B 47 PQ47: 1863 - Moral life and the hope of immortality PQ48:1865 - Rejection of the teleological viewpoint - PQ49:1871 - Utilitarianism - PQ50: 1873 * History of inborn ideas - PQ51:1875 - Blaise Pascal and ethics
53 2.2 OVERVIEW B 52 PQ52: 1879 — Moral life and the conscience B 53 PQ53: 1881 - Knowledge of God’s existence after Kant PQ54: 1883 — Schleiermacher and Christian ethics - PQ55: 1887 - Inheritability of moral qualities PQ56: 1889 * History of causality in modern philosophy B 57 PQ57: 1891 - Inheritability of moral qualities PQ58: 1893 - History of the concept of natural law - PQ59: 1895 = History of the origins of pacifism - PQ60: 1897 = History of the concept of substance B 61 PQ61: 1904 = Nietzsche - PQ62: 1906 - Plato’s influence on 19 th century thinking - PQ63: 1908 - Legal ethics in Greek thinking B 64 PQ64: 1909 — Relation between religion and magic PQ65: 1911 - Morals and psychological functions B 66 PQ66: 1913 * History of the concept of natural law - PQ67:1916 - Significance of pragmatism for ethics B 68 PQ68: 1918 — Relevance of antique cosmology for religion - PQ69:1920 — Islamic ethics of Al-Ghazali - PQ70:1922 — Einstein and Kant on space and time PQ71:1924 - Fate and world-domination among the Babylonians and Egyptians B 72 PQ72:1926 — New approaches to metaphysics - PQ73: 1928 - Islamic ethics of Al-Ghazali - PQ74:1930 * Economics and exchange value - PQ75:1932 — The Mithra religion PQ76: 1934 - Psychology of space among the blind PQ77: 1936 - Religious and magical significance of texts and writing - PQ78: 1938 - Geography of religion - PQ79:1940 - Concepts of justice in antiquity PQ80: 1942 - Periodicity in mathematics and the natural sciences PQ81: 1944 - The winged sun in ancient religion - PQ82:1948 - The sceptre in European law - PQ83:1951 - Bernard Nieuwentijt - PQ84: 1953 * Philosophical education at Franeker PQ85: 1955 - History of the Legatum Stolpianum PQ86: 1957 - Philosophical education at Harderwijk B 87 PQ87: 1960 — Greek origin of‘negative’ theology
Qluufhbtt m f 'ui+n-A+H. Mxota-t, A (La fax. g ( J, <A Ja./l* cu~ 4,mLr6 iJsVexu Mx> tUfu.fM ur»4^ " ’ tart °. d’ n i/(uLtd' 4M*. da , U/*dc*id. /},/*. ca. t«cf*t *4*~t**~ l/*tfïcW, }«& **»/Md *£***' + **?"*' __ uZdi~* £- y T' ^ •*" u r 4 *' d * *rï /adv-n* eu**, tfolr***4 • d.^.Xx. /ïtla^a ^ -j . W /^ Al „ ut4«i */tpn<J-r(» : ej e&*~ JyvtJA&i U* J tr > ^ *'* w , *~>y» «, ■ 1 ii? **?*** , téjsJQto-T'X'* * . . I JJ i ^jt$T/PlsdL tuslsp* ! I/r (fytCVlA**. 1 </ -*7c/«*- ' " \* / _£ajx rua. tacaaa Jy 7n forto ; Uniaaani /4TUOH Jj/tfidf^dixrHa**t td r^td^ua*, td< - (2c ■ ƒ <* /ia/-dun . //■ d-!U) ■ ‘^ -l ■ XoU'na ***»» xjfonvM» ■ Lk -rf? a g*(V W ro IfrJ'V ^ ^ '^f' - / • f / * rkS r „ ^ ,fy friOpCA : ±JJaAstri. CX.f( • /*• < • cL.t.,?tU. _ c*dsyr>- : */CtA/irU/**z tfl 3w tsfu, 1**^” re*4*T~ z/J **1' . ^^4^4 c+t++* %AfV>yf-JlA \ 7a juzv jiafatayov fpytv IJS JtOt&{LlS»c K -''T. A. d.-'Jg.f/uti. aft/dcua aut4-rn CTie+^Xi/m ’, *«• JyntMt-, Jf/'uMai (Ut/ *£tot (Uitat- ^ ’ 2'«At* • s . ^ . 7 - * . m • /5 - /4 Sn>/Lnfi*J(’ . (6 • n - id — MovoraJa.- U\uan eaanxn/iax & **£& fa+M %/y ïnThrifo : CT&hait f ^i-c t • d' 3 • *?usL. : ; txrjtzu^'jiIsl- o Prize essay register, f. lv: listing of prizes essays received for PQ1:1755. - (A 1.5)
55
56 ARCHIVES
57 2.3 INVENTORY (a 1.5 - A 3.3)
Motto slip of Abraham Perrenot (Accessit winner), belonging to prize essay B 6.49; outside with notes about receipt by secretary of the Legatum. - (A 3.6)
59 2.3 INVENTORY (A 3.4 - A 3.9)
60 ARCHIVES
61 2.3 INVENTORY (A 3.10 - A 3.21)
62 ARCHIVES
63 2.3 INVENTORY (A 3.22 - A 3.34)
64 ARCHIVES
Curatoren van het Stolpiaansch Legaat aan de Universiteit te Leiden heb ben in hunne Vergadering van den 17 de ” February 1857 besloten de navol gende prijsvraag uit te schrijven: /Feiken invloed behoort de Christelijke zedeleer te hebben op de begin selen , die moeten aangenomen en gevolgd worden door de Staten van de beschaafde wereld, in hun verkeer met, en handelingen tegenover elkan der en andere volken? en hoe kan die invloed bewaard worden bij het waken van iederen Staat voor zelfbehoud, en bij het streven naar magt en invloed, ook ter bevordering en voortplanting van eigen opvatting om trent den grondslag, waarop het heil der volken behoort gevestigd te zijn? dat is: Quant vim concedi oportet doctrinae morali Christianae in ea princi- pia, quae civitatibus eruditie probanda et sequenda simt in commer- cio agendique ratione, turn inter ipsas, turn adversus alios populos? et quomodo eadem ris retineri potest a civitatibus in cura sui conser- vandi, et in studio potentiae et auctoritatis, ejus quoque qua singulae uterentur ad excolendam et propagandam suam sentenliam de fundamento cui populorum salus esset superstruenda ? Ter beantwoording vóór of den I st ™ November 1858. En hebben besloten, de prijsvraag nitgeschreven in November 1855, waarop geen antwoord was ingekomen, op nieuw uit te schrijven om beantwoord te worden vóór den l s,cn October 1857. Dezelve luidt aldus: Quatenus ex morali hominis natura probari potest supremum quem- dam esse Legislatorem , qualisque ille sit aperiri ? dat is: In hoe ver kan de zedelijke aanleg des menschen hem ten bewijze strekken van het bestaan eens hoogst en Wetgevers, en hem diens wezen openbaren ? De prijs voor een goedgekeurd antwoord is de gouden medaille ter inner lijke waarde van ƒ250, en ƒ100 in geld; of wel naar verkiezing degebeele som in geld. De antwoorden moeten, in het Latijn of Nederduitsch geschreven, met eenc spreuk geteekend en met bijvoeging van een gesloten billet, dat dezelfde spreuk tot opschrift heeft en waarin des Schrijvers naam en adres is opgege ven , vrachtvrij gezonden worden aan den Hoogleeraar G. C. B. SURINGAR , Voorzittend Curator van het Legaat. Announcement of curators concerning PQ45: 1858 and PQ44:1856. - (A 4.2)

67 2.3 INVENTORY (A 4.2 - A 6.3)
68 ARCHIVES
69 2.3 INVENTORY (A 6.4 - A 6.11)
Cashbook of the Legatum, with list of receipts and expenditures kept by F.W. Pestel, treasurer for 1779-1781.-(A 7.1)

72 ARCHIVES (Suringar), 1854-1856 (Suringar), 1856-1860 (Bake), 1860-1861 (Van Hengel), 1861-1863 (Rutgers), 1914-1916 (Kristensen), 1916-1918 (Snouck Hurgronje), 1918-1920 (Wensinck), 1910-1922 (Ehrenfest), 1928-1930 (Kristensen), 1930-1932 (Van der Hoeve), 1932-1934 (Meijers), 1935-1936 (Snouck Hurgronje), 1936-1938 (Wensinck), 1938-1940 (Kristensen), 1940- 1942 (Thierry).
JAERBOEKEN,i ? <?Z'n/ary»i754* 119 land, met deszelfs Inftelder Graaf Willem van Hoi- Verabt. land, Rooms Koning. dering 5 idus Octob. A*. 1255 indiEta 14. onder Wiens t6. Afftammeling en Naneef, Dienaer van dehoog* I laar Ed. Wel Edelheden en van den Lande was EN LAGK NICOLAUS SAMUEUS CRUQUIUS Amte * Candidatus Medicina. Examinateur der O. I. N 4 ERS » Stuurlieden te Delft. Lid van de Koningl. Socie- ENZ * tyt der Wetenfcbappen te London. Lid van’t Konjl- genootfchap te Haerlem. Toeziender van Rbynl. Schout te Sparendam. Natus a Decemb. 1678 Denatus 17 Naem Zinfpreuk JVeminem Scientia Cruciat Nooit fchaad KonR W.den hengst in comp. F£crri75a. Princ. get. 5.15-25. Leiden. Den 13. der Wynmaend van het af- geloopen jaer is hier, in een hoogen Ouderdom, overleden de Heer JAN STOLP; een man, meer door zyne wyduitgeftrekte Geleerdheit, groote Ziels vermogens en mannelyke Godsdienftigheid, dan door Eertitelen, by de Beminnaers van nuttige We- tenfchappcn bekend Van zyne oprechte liefde tot het welzyn van ’t Gemeen, en van zyn zugt om de zoo noodige kennis van het aenbiddelyk Op perwezen in hooger top te heften, en den Gods- dienft en alle Chriftelyke deugden, voomamelyk onder onze Landgenooten, aen te kweken, heeft hy een’ doorluchtige blyk gegeven, dat de eeuwen, zoo wy hopen, zal verduuren, en dat hier tot ’s Mans roemwaerdige gedachtenis wel dubbel ver dient gemeld en aen anderen ter navolginge voor- gefteld te worden. Hy heeft, namelyk, uit zyne na te laten en nu nagelaten Goederen, aen de U- niverfiteit van hunne Edele Groot Mogende bin nen deze Stad, gegeven en gelegateerd een fom- me van tien duizend Guldens; uit welker Renten, alle twee jaren, een prys, beftaende in een Gou den en daer toe reeds getekenden Penning, van twee honderd en vvftig Guldens in waerde, zal gegeven worden, aen den genen, die, terjlelyk, Nederlandsche Jaerboeken, inhoudende een Verhael van de Merkwaerdigste Geschiedenissen die voorgevallen zyn binnen den omtrek der Vereenigde Provintien 1754, p. 119 (February), relating the news of Stolp’s death and legacy. - (G 504: 8)
74
75 2.3 INVENTORY (B 1.1 - B l.ll)
76 ARCHIVES

78 ARCHIVES 28 fol; paginated 1-54; 195 x 122 mm; 4 quires sewn together (yarn broken); accompanying letter dated ‘XXVI Maii MDCCLV’. — Received: 2 June 1755. — Most of the manuscript is missing; pseudonym: Theophilo.
79 2.3 INVENTORY (B 1.18 - B 2.7)
80 ARCHIVES

82 ARCHIVES B 3.7 bis Dissertatio. De existentia entis necessarii, aeterni, immutabilis et diver- si ab hoc universo deducta ab hac propositione admissa, quod aliquid existat. / Motto: Michael: Quis est Deus? Felix, qui veras avidus cognoscere causas Sensus assurgit supra... Antilucret. - Latin
83 2.3 INVENTORY (b 3.4 - B 3.12) 8 fol; unpaginated; 200 x 158 mm; 1 quire sewn once. - Received: 8 June 1759; mistakenly identified as the seventh submission.
84 ARCHIVES
85 2.3 INVENTORY (B 3.13 - B 3.22)
86 ARCHIVES 16 fol; paginated 1-30; 313 x 195 mm; conjugate and some single leaves (ori ginally stitched twice, with pink silk cord and sealing wax); with motto slip. - Received: 1759; text includes revisions for publication purposes. - Accessit winner. — Related correspondence in A 3.3. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, 1/2 (1760), p. 109-154. B 3.23 Diatriba de exsistentia Dei. / Motto: Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causam. - Latin 10 fol; unpaginated; 290 x 200 mm; 1 quire. — Received: 1 July 1759. B 3.24 Naturam aliquam esse necessariam, aeternam, immutabilem, a mundo diversam, ex naturis quae praeter illam sunt, efficitur. / Motto: Vani sunt omnes homines, in quibus non subest Scientia Dei; et qui operibus attendentes non agnoverunt quis esset artifex. Sap. XIII. - Latin 3 fol; paginated 1-6; 372 x 249 mm; conjugate and single leaves pasted together. — Received: 3 July 1759. B 3.25 [Samuel Jordan:] Dissertatio qua efficitur, ex eo quod aliquid est, esse Deum. / Motto: Philosophia obiter libata a Deo abducit; Sed penitus exhausta ad eundem reducit. - Latin 11 fol; paginated 1-22; 227 x 183 mm; (cut) single and conjugate leaves with gilt prlgpc and remnants of thread (originally all conjugate leaves, sewn together). - Received: 14 July 1759; accompanying letter dated 18 June 1759; written title-page (1 fol) is a later addition. - Accessit winner. - Related correspon dence in A 3.3. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, 1/2 (1760), p. 155-182. PQ4:1761 - Contribution of revelation to ethics B 4.1 Bygeval de Vraag beantwoord 1. In hoeverre de zedenkunde, door god delijke openbaringen niet volmaakt synde, door het geopenbaarde woord Gods, volmaakt is geworden? 2. In hare grondbeginzels? 3. In hare beweegredenen? 4. In hare oogmerken? / Without motto. - Dutch
87 2.3 INVENTORY (B 3.23 - B 4.5) 53 fol; paginated 1-51; 230 x 190 mm; 4 quires; accompanying letter with postage marking from Leiden. - Received: 26 June 1760.
Pag. ï ♦3 6 & a VOORSTELLING NOPENS DE VOLMAAKTHEID, DOOR DE GODLYKE OPENBAARING, aan de ZEDEN - KUNDE TOEGEBRAGT. ILL1C SE LUMINE VERO IMP LEVIT Lucanus. Beginning of ‘crowned’ prize essay submitted by Abraham Perrenot (B 4.10), published in 1762. (VB Leiden, 554 C 13)
89 2.3 INVENTORY (b 4.6 - B 4.10)
90 ARCHIVES
91 2.3 INVENTORY (B 4.11 - B 5.4) PQ5:1763 — Metaphysical attributes of divinity
92 ARCHIVES
93 2.3 INVENTORY (b 5.5 - B 5.12)
94 ARCHIVES
95 2.3 INVENTORY (B 6.1 - B 6.10)
Vi. ï%? I «e -Ï - > Sm; ■ •^,1 b S A A /^> V I# ^ 4i| & &s§ x i> ->jr Sr ii *^2 s A ^d ta 5 ë4to4tg : - Jï i**i 1m|#JO ^vgy* «g_~ 3^2 *t £ £ s 2(y'fi'tr* 31 £ -'j-Jifj 1 -4 ->•11 -sSi^^w M^S-sh^ 3 3 sXè4l 4'<2^ , Jl-8i !iL&^Sp%|i|if|f I 'ill llMj f I <> ! Si lit 6 t3X-4 $'r * 4|4t»4 gisL^e trMttl £ «f ,3-C O •, Ay-? 3 iwV #|l| tS13l^a<^« |$4 ^5-^ 4*i* 3j&*& = 3lUjll 5 f4. SlsjU^ «*sj I J^m \m* xm m I t| rip - J^Wéfï s *3 14c ti ^ «, , wji v _ 3 $Ls23& a * liWlIl^3llt4 *3*i X o i ■ i cj^i-r> ^Si/i ? Q, S —'■E tï't j jV 51 *-3 Iu j Jv SltMii s«l filblp llll jS g&ls |3| 1*1 m-s$ pjkf 1 ft \1* 2-4^ 1“«i ! ti~iw ,'§_^Sll « .-“A „ S/«tJ ~£p§ d 5 ®>K -s A AT- X *<S» 1 IP if &V O 4S S <j * "" w, ,v <r Si I (§S>4Ï|^ * èS^ !:##|pipt^-ii *» v r -4y-c^ -54 2?^ 4-,^r*? V Ai <K V '•>-» *4 i- I# i» ft # iP ixL M T' 41^111 fSli 1 Q W ' • V *■*' i < 'U- ■%3s 4ii Prize essay submitted by C. Reiser, with text in quatrains (p. 40-41). - (B 6.13)
97 2.3 INVENTORY (b 6.11 - B 6.14)
98 ARCHIVES
l' o v'rt Mr L/$rr/r/’?isi r£.f 'm nrc y^rS/s/iri y (/.f/ï / tui tU' rtmn j£ri~A/fe/?Mi fcyrï’fsr/ryrMe/" 1 Cn/Arr^cA- c/opmaAa. -> > ■> s ; C\ ' Mrr- i^i^ Xruxm raA,.^ m r / reoc/ïZA*/ /La*?/u>sica. /n -, ^^vtSr/óyv. ’ & ^ytrtyur^C^ anA ^,A*^n SZLyju^ X ^ •£&£■ -A^J^ •__> r<y #--/ c// a-,vw „ ^ V J ' *n*-w Mi • iirrv-rttMy^. ,-t^L^nZrii ' • ■ P f^y^y J&2rre/if t&yui&MMj iMc ^•/Myitt V |V^v /-/VrVéi w jE?- 1 Title page of prize essay submitted tinder motto ‘Justus florebit ut palma’. - (B 6.22)

101 2.3 INVENTORY (B 6.19 - B 6.27)
102 ARCHIVES
103 2.3 INVENTORY (b 6.28 - B 6.37)
104 ARCHIVES B 6.38 De Vraag, door het H: E: Collegie opgegeven, is. Welk is de grond der Wetgevende magt, waar door God, inzonderheit in de openbaringe, eijscht, dat de menschen hunne zedelyke daden na Zyn voorschrift inrigten? / Motto: Meditando et distinguendo. - Dutch 14 fol; paginated 1-25; 190 x 160 mm; conjugate leaves. - Received: 23 June 1765. B 6.39 [Christiaan Harmen Braun:] Verhandeling over Den Grond van Gods Wetgevende Magt Ter beandwoordinge van de Vrage door de Heeren Bestierders van het Legaat van den Heere Stolp opgegeven in den Jaare 1764. / Moffo: Te agten, dat men niemand overtreft, baart nedrigheid: Te denken, dat men sommige overtreffen kon, baart moed: Te hopen, dat men alle overtreffen mogt, baart ijver. - Dutch 11 fol; paginated 1-143; 207 x 165 mm; quires and (cut) single leaves (origi nally 18 quires); later note (written by secretary?) reveals author as: ‘Christiaan Harmen Braunius, Predikant in Vrouwen Parochie op het Bildt in Vriesland, onder het Eene Classis von Leeuwarden’ (p. 2). - Received: 24 June 1765; dated by author: 12 June 1765 (p. 143). - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.6. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, II (1766), p. 133-222.
2.3 INVENTORY (B 6.38 - B 6.45)
106 ARCHIVES
107 2.3 INVENTORY (B 6.46 - B 6.54)
108 ARCHIVES
109 2.3 INVENTORY (b 6.55 - B 7.4) PQ7:1767 - Ontological proof of God’s existence
110 ARCHIVES
2.3 INVENTORY (B 7.5 - B 7.14) Ill
112 ARCHIVES
113 2.3 INVENTORY (b 7.15 - B 7.22) B 7.19 [N.H. Uiman:] Demonstratio de existentia & attribute Dei a priori. / Motto: Archimeed: Ik heb het gevonden. - Dutch 48 fol; unpaginated; 232 x 187 mm; 2 quires sewn together, with extra sheet in folio size; translated from German: ‘uit het Origineele Hoogduitsche geschrift in de Nederduitse Taaie met alle mogelyke Naauwkeurigheid vertaald door Adolph Fredrik Marei, Beëedigd Translateur tot Amsterdam, maar thans resideerende te Amersfoort’. - Received: 27 June 1767; Manuscript dated: Amersfoort, 16 June 1767. - Related correspondence in A 3.7 (S. Asser). - Later published as: Hartog Uiman, Betoog van het aanwezen Gods en deszelfs eigenschappen a priori. Amsterdam 1769. On the authorship of Uiman see: R.W. Munk, Naftali Herz Uiman, een vroege maskil. Inaugural speech Universiteit Leiden 2003. B 7.22 Bewijs van Gods bestaan, of aanweezen uit zijn denkbeeld van vooren. / Motto: Virtus in actione consistit. - Dutch 20 fol; paginated 1-30; 263 x 205 mm; 1 quire bound in wrappers of brocade paper; accompanying letter in folio dated 27 June 1767. - Received: 29 June 1767.
114 ARCHIVES [B 7.23] [Allard Hulshoff: Onderzoek, om Gods bestaan van vooren te betoogen]. / Motto: [Quae tenet aeternum propriis a viribus aevum, Atque est idcirco, quia per se debuit esse, Et non esse nequit: res ilia, utcunque vocetur, In se habeat totum esse, ac totum posse, necesse est. Anti-Lucr. L. Ill vs. 131-134]. - [Dutch] Manuscript is missing. - Received: [29 June 1767].- Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.7. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, II/l (1768), p. 207-286. B 7.24 Proposita Quaestio est: An ex idea Entis necessarii, quod ante probatis proprietatibus gaudeat, ejusdem actualis existentia a priori demon- strari potest? / Motto: Negata tentat iter via. - Latin 8 fol; paginated; 210 x 170 mm; 1 quire sewn twice in wrappers of marbled paper. — Received: 30 June 1767. B 7.25 Without title. / Motto: De Vreesen Des Heeren is het beginsel van alle wijshijt. Maar de Gierighijt is de Wortel van allen onkunde. - Dutch 44 fol; paginated 1-58; 210 x 170 mm; 2 quires sewn with pamphlet stitch in wrappers of marbled paper; with accompanying letter and one-sheet adden dum in envelope titled ‘Wel Edlen HoogGeLeerden Heer Mijn Heer proffesor Almande’. - Received: 30 June 1767. PQ8:1769 - Volitional nature of divine laws B 8.1 [Hummel:] [...] Frage. Ob Gott bloss freijkiihrlich seine Gesetzgebende Macht aussübe oder auf eine solche arth, dass auch die menschliche Vernunft den grund der göttlichen gesetzen ersehen könne? / Without motto. - German 2 fol; unpaginated; 347 x 208 mm; conjugate leaves; author revealed in the accompanying letter written on the last page: ‘Hummel, Medic. Doct. et Practicien Elberfeld’. - Received: 2 April 1768; dated by author: Elberfeldt, 24 March 1768.
115 2.3 INVENTORY (b 7.23 - B 8.5)

117 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.6 - B 8.16)
erf - ** e* rfsirfé* srfb ^ <^? lf<*<n \ r ( iUp 6 #'lé> aL-.'-v -. - :■' ■ I.-- ■ _ • — '—*i • dMi»— —, -'~ -**»**' 0 ' Motto-slip belonging to prize essay submitted by Laurentius Meyer (Accessit winner). — (B 8.16) I*iAi <*•%,,
119 2.3 INVENTORY (B 8.17 - B 8.20) 18 fol; paginated 1-36; 207 x 165 mm; conjugate and (cut) single leaves; motto slip revealing author’s name and address attached to envelope with a nail: ‘Laurentius Meyer, V.D.M. in Twysel en Kooten onder de E. Classis van Dokkum’. — Received: 25 May 1769. — Accessit winner. — Related correspon dence in A 3.8. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/l (1770), p. 95-144. - See illustration p. 118.
‘Geneseos Colorum Circulus Hexaplus’: numerical tables belonging to prize essay submitted under motto ‘Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet’. - (B 8.20).
121 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.21 - B 8.24) 26 fol; unpaginated (§§ 1-25); 230 x 192 mm; 4 quires, with various tables, coloured image titled: ‘Geneseos Colorum Circulus Hexaplus’ and a double leaf table of contents; envelope with postage marking from Düsseldorf. - Received: 31 May 1769.
122 ARCHIVES
123 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.25 - B 8.36)
124 ARCHIVES
125 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.37 - B 8.46)
126 ARCHIVES
127 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.47 - B 8.56)
• ÓJo V- <^. • d-cd/Lvl6^* /IUy j A *— £y£t> tjffï^oa^u- £*^ox^-d/üs-J • Motto-slip belonging to prize essay submitted by Trapaud de Labruyere. - (B 9.6)
129 2.3 INVENTORY (b 8.57 - B 9.3)
130 ARCHIVES
131 2.3 INVENTORY (B 9.4 - B 9.12)
I M’. x\v. outMj^yJfj^if-y^ ✓ > Q tea mo |(^S-r a hex tt ~t)n tit i'i LC-cctzl Óc-rf, /fxec iX^zt-SicJn-Kr}un/ifnco ze. . g • // , . , » btcJ iti'i ac. hoc titi cVCt-Jui !i- Ctnz.^.-nx.r, c<ni-LtilxcIl/m>, ic_j 11 try i c^cL^rc-ZeD'ite.C&,a.'z.i-o / ol^ fi^eJc•u./ll*' eazcjj^et-i o„ ‘ I’mk.v* _&■ • _ ' Wv I 4i'cl- ciPf i ic-CL-ftcl?/a I ,y LC/ z C-CLAfioni etn ozfz* . V r n/mk ■■ jj|| 'oico ejf~ Of/Lu -nett 4uo~ /•/-/ zt>-o Öy) , ^ !r-- * *> <-r Prize essay submitted under motto ‘Deus est qui non mutatur in aevo’. - (B 9.14)
133 2.3 INVENTORY (b 9.13 - B 9.17)
134 ARCHIVES
135 2.3 INVENTORY (b 9.18 - B 9.28)
H \i hJ 'i, > ' /% ri % i K <i ï ! IN i jv ï O.M ni .«V i ü s M s, »* S* > 4? %\ Pf4 !M S* ? J ö I tt •• 1 i Hl É|]i U' "i ' t s * H 4 * "* \ r- Hl ' S &j illJH! O HIN' •5vN 5 S h t ?-* <4 H 1 0.. 8 t « s‘ f i i 1 <* i i ^ u i ^ ^ t iÏ4üi n5 •N* Mtfitó *?! 1 i ST.^ Il'i $ i * > SI -■* <ï !sV| •; 1 >.cSV!^ 5 -* t ^ ^ ^ 13 *li'-;!! •ii^K i #to ff ‘Nl i k’ •*! r m R i 4f«j i y 1 v ?*■ ; ■ ffl ïüU Ë! jAif wln'M ftMt [mi êm ««rif fi i 1 t 4 ««1 * 5 \ TUI •4 M i s ij . i ' I i.b 'jtijjfvi |j I !»<i a i ï si si r. {i 'ï f i«i , 5 ^ i*| "J: - * M * IH s '9 ■M v,* <i $ > l|< » /ï "l" 1 \ ■? 4! * S | 1 V« 3 ; fï '« >4 | f|| (\ £ F ifri -1 jMJ] HIU 1 tl J> s *m t si n k I U fi s -1<| -3 Rili Rj * T d } S I i '; ] t'C » » | i J 1 Htèillf ; f c* ? ^ j ^ > § H v ^ l £ 1 -i rTill K? i H I I1R4 11-'| ^uiriNV‘i ^ . i ^ ^ y km 1B .S <. 'l ^ s ' - « ^ < j j ! > : ' ^ ê, 1 8 M ' - r , v v , s Sf •, -<s i viM % 1 ^ i ^ 1 ^ 4 (5 ! i-s.1 «‘ ï 1-1 ft 1 : 1 11 11 ■ s iïjj l NJ ï « v 4 I; >^1 a * 81 m s ^ I SI slik 5-5 ï i 4 t J S ï ï ■* ■•> -«S -t ^ ~5 « § $ l l I Text (p. 32-33) of prize essay submitted by Allard Hulshoff (Accessit winner). - (B 9.29)
137 2.3 INVENTORY (b 9.29 - B 9.32)
138 ARCHIVES
139 2.3 INVENTORY (B 9.33 - B 10.8)
140 ARCHIVES
141 2.3 INVENTORY (B 10.9 - B 10.17) B 10.14 Verhandeling over de door de Heeren Bezorgeren van’t Stolpiaans Legaat opgegevene vraag Of in den Mensch een ingeschapen Zin of zeedelijk gevoel plaats hebbe, waar door hy bestuurd worde ter onder- scheidinge, en aangespoort ter verrigtinge van ’t Zeedelyk Goed. / Motto: The way to happiness and the practice of truth incur the one, into the other. Wollaston. - Dutch 22 fol; paginated 1-37; 232 x 190 mm; 1 quire sewn with pamphlet stitch with green thread; with table of contents after page 37. - Received: 12 June 1773. B 10.15 Verhandeling, oover de Vraag van het Stolpiaansch Genootschap: ‘Of in den Mensch een ingeschaapen zin of zeedelijk gevoel plaats hebbe, waar door hij bestuurd worde ter onderscheijding en aangespoord ter verrigting van ’t zeedelijk Goed?’ (Boekz: feb: 1771). / Motto: Alle ongeregtigheijd is gelijk een tweesnijdend zweerd ... ende afstaan van ongeregtigheijd is verzoeninge. Sirach XXI. 4 en XXXV.3. - Dutch 22 fol; paginated 1-44; 228 x 188 mm; conjugate leaves, stitched once. - Received: 17 June 1773. B 10.16 [Johann Jakob Hottinger:] Sitne homini inatus aliquis sensus Quo diri- gatur, ad dignoscendum et impellatur ad faciendum bonum morale. / Motto: Quid aut laudari rite, aut vituperari potest, si ab ejus natura recesseris, quod aut laudandum aut vituperandum putes? Cic., de legib. I. - Latin 18 fol; paginated 1-33; 185 x 115 mm; single leaves, stitched once; text has been edited. — Received: 18 June 1773.—Accessit winner. — Related correspon dence in A 3.10. - Published with title ‘Dissertatio II de Sensu Morali’ in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 45-74. B 10.17 Without title. / Motto: [Fungar vice cotis... exsors ipsa servandi. Horat. de A.P.], — Latin 8 fol; paginated 1-16; 227 x 185 mm; 2 quires, stitched together once. — Received: 18 June 1773.
142 ARCHIVES

144 ARCHIVES B 10.22 Without title. / Motto: Meliori cedo. - Dutch 16 fol; paginated 1-30; 212 x 164 mm; conjugate leaves, stitched once. - Received: [25 June 1773]. B 10.23 Tentamen de sensu morali ad Problema spectans ab Academia Stolpiana propositum. Sit ne homini innatus aliquis sensus, quo diri- gatur ad dignoscendum et impellatur ad faciendum bonum morale? / Motto: Nihil potest esse aequabile quod non a certa ratione proficis- catur. Tusc. Quaest. L. 11 c. 27. — Latin 36 fol; paginated 1-69; 212 x 175 mm; 5 quires sewn in paper wrappers. - Received: [27 June 1773]. B 10.24 [J.C. Fontaine:] Quaestio Sit ne homini innatus aliquis sensus, quo diri- gatur ad dignoscendum, et impellatur ad faciendum bonum morale? Definitiones ad praeperandam solutionem praemittendae. / Motto-. Parcite oves nimium procedere; non bene ripae Creditur [...]. - Latin 8 fol; paginated 1-15; 320 x 228 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally 1 quire), stitched once; additional slip reveals author as: Fontaine, Professore Philosophiae emerito et Canonico Eccles. Reg. B. Viriginis, Annecii Allobrogum, with new tide: Dissertatio VI. de Sensu Morali, and textual emendations under the title: ‘Berigt aan de Drucker’. — Received: [27 June 1773]. — Accessit winner. — Related correspondence in A 3.10. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 157-174, B 10.25 [Ch. Ehlers] Ad quaestionem, a Stolpiano institute propositam: Sitne homini innatus sensus, quo dirigatur ad dignoscendum et impellatur ad faciendum bonum morale? respondetur. / Motto: Non nisi rationis experientiaeque lumine nutrite fide. - Latin 8 fol; paginated 1-16; 230 x 193 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally conjugate leaves), stitched once; author revealed as: ‘Ch. Ehlers, it, postquam impressa erant dissertationes se dedaravit vid. Act. Stolp. p. 105’; accompanying slip with secretary’s notes for the printer. - Received: [28 June 1773]. - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.10. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 175-202. - See illustration p. 143.
145 2.3 INVENTORY (b 10.22 - B 10.29) B 10.26 [Johann Friedrich Hennert:] Dissertatio de Sensu Morali ad Celeberrimos Stolpiani Legati Curatores. / Motto: Nullum theatrum virtuti conscientia majus est. - Latin 57 fol; foliated 1-54; 208 x 164 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally quires), stitched once; text written on rectos; author revealed as: ‘Johannis Frecerici Hennert, Philosophiae Doctoris et Professoris Matheseos in Academia Trajectina: Societatum Sdentarum quae Harlemi, Vlessingae, Rotterodam florent, Socii’; with textual emendations and addenda for publication. - Received: [28 June 1773], - First prize winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.10. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 1-44. B 10.27 Without title. / Motto: Nihil est, mihi crede, virtute formosius, nihil pulcrius nihil amabilius. Cicero, ad divers. IX 14. - Latin 18 fol; paginated 1-31; 202 x 160 mm; 4 quires in paper wrappers. — Received: [28 June 1773]. B 10.28 [Georg Colonius:] Dissertatio, in qua modeste disquiritur, num Homini Sensus Moralis tribui debeat, nec ne? / Motto: Quantum mor- talia pectora coecae Noctis habent! - Latin 64 fol; foliated 1-64; 247 x 187 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally conjugate leaves or quires side-sewn together), stitched once; text written on rectos, with additional notes on versos; author revealed as: ‘Georgio Colonio, Did. Fil., Crimpa-Batavo: S.S. Theologiae Studioso in Acad. Lugd. Batava’. - Received: 29 June 1773. - Accessit winner. - Title for publication: ‘Dissertatio Octava de Sensu Morali’ written on page 1. - Related correspondence in A 3.10. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 203-262. B 10.29 [Josepho Pap. de Fagaras:] Discussio Quaestionis a Clarissimis Legati Stolpiani Curatoribus propositae. Sit ne aliquis sensus innatus homini, quo dirigatur ad cognoscendum, et impellatur ad faciendum bonum morale? / Motto: Est natura sic generata vis hominis, ut ad omnem vir- tutem percipiendam facta videatur: ob eamque caussam, parvi, virtutum simulacris, quarum in se habent semina, sine doctrina moventur. Cicero, de finib. bonor. et malor. L. V. § 15. - Latin
146 ARCHIVES 10 fol; paginated 1-19; 372 x 230 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally 1 quire), stitched once; accompanying slip revealing author as ‘Josepho Pap. de Fagaras, Hungaro, S.S. Theologiae Candidate’; contains many handwritten corrections and alterations for the printed version. — Received: 1 July 1773. — Accessit win ner. - Related correspondence in A 3.10. - Published with title ‘Dissertatio IX de Sensu Morali’ in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 263-300. B 10.30 Without title. / Motto: Sunt ingeniis nostris semina innata virtutum, quae si adolescerent, ipsa nos ad beatam vitam natura perduceret. Cicero, Tusc. 3 circa init. Mores animi corporis temperamentum sequuntur. Galenus. -Latin 28 fol; paginated 1-53; 352 x 214 mm; 3 quires sewn separately with black thread. — Received: 2 July 1773. B 10.31 [Jo. Philiberti Periconia Panorma:] Without title. / Motto: Nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis. Horat. Lib. 2 Sat. 3. — Latin 8 fol; paginated 1-16; 229 x 175 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally 1 quire), stitched once; paper slip with extra text attached to page 16 with sealing wax; Secretary’s note on page 1 revealing author as: Jo. Philiberti Periconia Panorma, and title for publication: Dissertatio X de Sensu Morali. - Received: 12 July 1773. - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.10. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1774), p. 301-326. B 10.32 [G. van Gunterstijn?:] Without title. / Motto: Al doende Leert men. - Dutch 8 fol; paginated 1-16; 324 x 202 mm; 1 quire. - Motto ends with name ‘G. V. Gunterstijn’. — Received: 12 October 1773.
147 2.3 INVENTORY (B 10.30 - B 11.4) PQ11: 1775 - Common assent in proofs of God’s existence
148 ARCHIVES
149 2.3 INVENTORY (B 11.5 - B 11.14) respondence in A 3.11. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, 11/3 (1776), p.87-122.
150 ARCHIVES B 11.15 Te onderzoeken, welk gewicht men in het betoog van Gods aanwezen te stellen hebbe op de algemeene Zamenstemming van het menschdom? / Motto: Magnarum hie vigor est mentium - incunctantes credere quae corporeo non videntur intuitu. Leo M. Serm. 2. de Ascens. Dom. — Dutch 26 fol; paginated 1-52; 230 x 189 mm; conjugate leaves stitched once. - Register cites the motto wrongly. — Received: 23 June 1775. B 11.16 Antwoord om te Dingen naer de Prijs van het Stolpiaensch Legaet Op de Vrage, Van Wat gewigt is het bewijs voor het bestaen der Godheid genomen van de algemeene toestemminge der Menschen. / Motto: Oeffening doet Vorderen. - Dutch 14 fol; unpaginated; 220 x 166 mm; 1 sewn quire. - Received: 24 June 1775. B 11.17 Verhandeling over het gewigt, dat men in het betoog van Gods aan- wezen te stellen hebbe op de algemeene saamenstemming van het menschdom. / Motto: Omni in re omnium gentium consensio lex nat urae putanda est. Cicero, Lib. I. Tuscul. Quaest. — Dutch 28 fol; paginated 1-55; 211 x 165 mm; 4 quires sewn in wrappers of marbled paper. - Received: 24 June 1775. B 11.18 Perspicua et dilucida argumenti, quod ex consensu humani generis, ad adserendam Numinis existentiam ducitur, expositio. / Motto: Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat. - Latin 22 fol; paginated 1-43 (numeration begins verso); 225 x 182 mm; 6 quires stitched together three times. - Received: 24 June 1775. B 11.19 Quaestio: Quodnam in adserenda Numinis existentia pretium statui debet communi humani generis consensui? / Motto: Nemo omnes, omnes neminem fallunt. Seneca. — Latin 12 fol; foliated l-ll;340x214 mm; conjugate leaves stitched once. - Received: 28 June 1775.
151 2.3 INVENTORY (b 11.15 - B 11.22) B 11.20 Expositio facilis atque dilucida: Quonam in pretio esse, vel haberi, debeat humani Generis, qui hactenus quodammodo obtinuerit, Consensus, vel qui obtineri possit, adminiculo quodam solido & con stant! in usum advocato: De quacunque re & veritate, seu minimi, max- imive momenti; Speciatim: de Deo, Eiusque Adtributis ex Theologia naturali cognoscendis? / Motto: Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Incident. - Censente sic, in Arte poëtica. Horatio. - Latin 32 fol; foliated 1-32; 212 x 164 mm; conjugate leaves stitched once; with a bifolium titled: ‘Post-missum, om te prezenteeren op den 13. Octobr. 1775. by het Loffelyk Stolpiaansche Legaat. Behorende, als een Supplement, tot het reeds te voren ingezonden Geschrift’. - Received: 30 June 1775. B 11.21 [Theodor Spaan:] Verhandeling, ingericht, om, in beantwoording van het VraagStuk, door de Heeren Bezorgers van het Stolpiaansche Legaat in den jaare 1774 voorgesteld, te onderzoeken, welk gewigt men in het betoog van Gods aanweezen te Stellen hebbe op de algemeene ZaamenStemming van het Menschdom. / Motto: Opinionum com- menta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat. Cicero. - Dutch 18 fol; paginated 1-35; 210 x 165 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally 3 quires, stitched together three times). - Received: 30 June 1775. - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.11. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, II/3 (1776), p. 61-86. B 11.22 Beantwoording van’t Vraag Stuk: Te onderzoeken ‘welk gewigt men in het betoog van Gods aanweezen te stellen hebbe op de algemeene Zaamenstemming van ’t Menschdom?’ / Motto: Heu! Primae scelerum causae mortalibus aegris, Naturam nescire Deum. - Dutch 36 fol; paginated 1-67; 210 x 165 mm; 9 quires stitched together once; with add itional leaf asking judges to excuse the late submission. - Received: 2 July 1775. - See illustration p. 152.
Tide page of prize essay submitted under motto ‘Heu! Primae scelerum causae mortalibus aegris.. with notes by secretary and attached slip with apology for delay. - (B 11.22)
153 2.3 INVENTORY (b 11.23 - B 12.3) B 11.23 [Johann Jakob Hottinger:] Quodnam in adserenda Numinis existentia pretium Statui debeat Communi humani generis consensui. / Motto: Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat. Cicero. - Latin 20 fbl; paginated 1-37 (in foreign hand); 195 x 120 mm; (cut) single and conju gate leaves (originally 5 sewn quires) in paper wrappers; additional title: ‘Ioannis Iacobi Hottingeri, Eloquentiae Prof, in Academia Lausaunensi Dissertatio ad Quaestionem, Quodnam etc.’. — Received: 2 July 1775. - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.11. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, II/3 (1776), p. 25-60, PQ12:1777 — A general principle of ethics
154 ARCHIVES
155 2.3 INVENTORY (b 12.4 - B 12.11 Bis) B 12.9 Verhandeling, Strekkende ter beantwoordinge van het Vraagstuk; Is ’er een algemeen grondbeginsel, uit het welke alle byzondere pligten van den mensch zoo konnen worden afgeleid, datze tegen elkander nooit stryden? / Motto: Vraagt Deugdlief naar een’ grond voor ’s menschen juiste pligten: Betrekking wijst hoe ’t pad, nooit Strijdig, zij te richten. - Dutch 24+1 fol; paginated 1-38; 210 x 165 mm; 1 quire sewn with pamphlet stitch; additional sheet glued to the bottom of page 20. - Received: 29 April 1777. B 12.10 Solutio Problematis Daturne Principium aliquod universale ex quo omnia officia hominum quocumque in statu degant, ita dedui possint ut nulla unquam ea inter contradictio oriatur? / Motto: Omnia quae- cunque[?] vultis, ut faciant vobis homine, et vos facite illis. Matth. 7 v. 12. — Latin 18 fol; unpaginated (§§ 1-66); 234 x 192 mm; 5 quires stitched together twice with green threads; with accompanying letter and table of contents; damage on first page. - Received: 13 May 1777. B 12.11 Quaestio De Principio Singulorum Officiorum Universali. / Motto: Et to cpcoa to èv ooi, cncóioa eau, to cncÓToa Ttóaov. Christus ad Matthaeum 6, 23. Nimis generalia parum informant, nisi deducantur. Baco. — Latin 22 fol; paginated 1-37; 225 x 188 mm; 5 quires bound in wrappers of blue paste paper; accompanying letter. - Received: 15 May 1777. B 12.1 Ibis Explicamenta quaedam ulteriora illius quaestionis: Num sit principium generale, ex quo singula officia hominis ita duci possint, ut numquam collidantur? / Motto: Ei to cpcoa to èv aoi, cncÓToa eau, to cncó- Toa Ttóaov. Christus ad Matth. 6, 23. Baco: insignitam destinata. — Latin 10 fol; paginated 1-17 (in foreign hand); 260 x 180 mm; 2 quires sewn together; table of contents. - Addendum to B 12.11 [?].
156 ARCHIVES B 12.12 Quaestio Moralis: An principium generale datur, ex quo singula hominis officia ita duci possint, ut nunquam collidantur. / Motto: Felix, qui potuit tantae rei cognoscere causam. - Latin 16 fol; unpaginated; 357 x 268 mm; 1 sewn quire. - Received: 17 May 1777. B 12.13 Without title. / Motto: Conatu et studiis tandem consumitur ipse qui scire contendit quae scire nemo potest pro pudor usque adeo est homine [...]. — Latin 4 fol; unpaginated; 335x211 mm; conjugate leaves. - With accompanying letter, signed by B. J. G. P. C.; author mentions having found the announcement ‘in nov- ellis harlemsibus una vel altera vice et praemifer denominetur’. - Received: 19 May 1777. B 12.14 An principium Generale datur, ex quo singula hominis officia ita duci possint, ut nunquam collidantur? / Motto: In Deo omnia, cetera cunc- ta somnia. — Latin 16 fol; unpaginated; 203 x 162 mm; 1 quire, sewn in wrappers of red paste paper; accompanying letter dated 16 May 1777. - Received: 29 March 1777; dated by author: ‘D. d. XVI Maji MDCCLXXVH’ B 12.15 Dissertatio Moralis De Principio officiorum universali, quas respondetur quaestioni nobilissimae, a Celeberrimis Legati Stolpiani in Academia Lugduno Batava Curatoribus propositae. / Motto: Longe est praestabilius de rebus utilibus mediocres habere opiniones, quam Supervacanearum exquisitam cognitionem; et paululum praecellere in magnis, quam in parvis, praecipue in iis, quae ad vitam nihil prosimt. I Socr. — Latin 18 fol; unpaginated (§§ 1-27); 211 x 166 mm; 2 quires sewn together. — Received: 25 Mar. 1777; dated by author: ‘Anno C.N. MDCCLXXV’. B 12.16 Verhandeling ter Beantwoording van het Vraagstuk ‘Is er een algemeen grond-beginzel, uijd het welk alle bijzondere plichten van den Mensch zoo konnen worden afgeleid, datze tegen elkander nooit strijden?’ / Motto: God schenkt Genade en Ligt, Aan die volbrengt zijn pligt. - Dutch 10 fol; paginated 1-18; 220 x 185 mm; 1 quire, sewn with pamphlet stitch in wrappers of red marbled paper. — Received: 27 March [1777].
157 2.3 INVENTORY (b 12.12 - B 12.2l)
158 ARCHIVES
I 'i ,i Csi'jLvU*^ yf.M 3 r$ >rv L -£ro fou-r <Sc/uilééfUf, ' Jfc-- -tCys % Skif S*£>. Prize essay submitted by E.L. LeSage; formerly folded as letter and addressed to Prof. JJ. Schultens, secretary of the Legatum, who recorded number and date of receipt. - (B 12.27)
Text (f. 5v-6r) of prize essay submitted under motto ‘Nil majus generate ipso ...’. - ( B 13.1). ; r I % (i|| ill V! 'i U i v ! 'L>? v i v v> ;;c]U ^ J41 i SxJ ; Ut > Ui U■> .* ^ U 'U 11 ^ I ^ t ï .%. Vt‘ U* 5 i - ï, c * vl ï r\f«. «n» .1 ^hturr r%x? 1 * ' x * w JT Pllt'te ’- .-5 ^ 2 * * % „v ^ I £ - -■ ^ - ,| ppn ^ J f N? j ^ * i ** 'x 5 ^ X y 5rë Wi\ i * * -\i i : * X$! I !.t U M r V s I fellUu Ik f€ ;j(jh : i H<^>jl4 * jg W i 3 .j4 * i * j % 4 N r « ftflj i RhMJ m ; i : >§ < » £ .” 'S S »■ *r ,<ï <t | '*! - Su "»5 5 § -■ ■•« -f ï , ■? 5^ ! :0^ • 'N t<# „V W ■ « - ; S 'Nr ’ N ’ I x P ~ "V S v* * 'ï y’U v- XrU vï ; U «■ irSi^Ur^l *x* ^ <- I„ - | * r 4 ~5v?" ,. >5 R (\ l " |4l crx “ r 5j yy j q— >- -I js t» u Vo 4 ^ V XN > * i5g •f i j "it'i !>kvj 3 *5 ' ^(5, ' y N ; , kï ;x ^u s *V. y N % J > j Oj O t"^-^: - j SV'Ï PS S* s k s. ?N? 2 d I S^.5 r 5 : U '5 1 $ j - " * Jw •? pl i r'*' ’ ^ , M « 'X : ^ Nj' lil u ■y Ï 55$ - utr h1h| I V'Jc X\ -» ■ I ü 5 /liC.i 1 ■ ■ÖTii 1 ^ ■ r h i 35 '8 1 fc U .4 i ’*■ 't"4 'j i |jjJ[ ih^iIh * - - 5 S : ! .;•••-ƒ «kf| : Rl; fv^S .% \. , k 5 LJ ! lilp 1 5 Jr ' ^ ^ s <• 3'. ïl-5 f? |s,„ i r ^> V^I ^ i\■ 3 , 'ïn , iSi -a >* ^ i *; vi I ; ïN? : H, Mpr . o - i4ö'tiiriin? ills s 5! # i ta U ïk 4 j •
2.3 INVENTORY (B 13.1 - B 13.4) PQ13:1779 — Proof of God’s uniqueness

163 2.3 INVENTORY (b 13.5 - B 13.12)
One-page prize answer submitted without motto, with envelope addressed to Prof H.B. Gaubius, secretary of the Legatum, who recorded number and date of receipt. — (B 13.9)
165 2.3 INVENTORY (B 13.13 - B 14.2) B 13.13 [Nicolas Schroeder:] Without title. / Without motto. - Latin 4 fol; unpaginated; 361 x 231 mm; conjugate leaves; accompanying letters dated 3 July 1779; author revealed as: ‘Nicol Schroeder Pastor et Praeceptor in Sechtem’; text in verse-form with prose explanations. - Received: 4 July 1779. B 13.14 Num sola rationis vi et quibus argumentis demonstrari potest non esse plures uno Deos, et fiierunt ne umquam populi aut sapientes qui ejus veritatis cognitionem absque revelationis divinae ad ipsos propagatae auxilio habuerunt. / Motto: Dominus de coelo prospexit super filios hominum si est intelligens aut requirens Deum ... non est usque ad unum. Psalm: 13: 2. 3. - Latin 1 fol; unpaginated; 228 x 190 mm; single leaf, accompanying letter in Dutch, with postage marking form Brussels. - Received: 8 July 1779. PQ14:1781 - Christian ethics and public behaviour B 14.1 [Pieter Verstap:] Betoog; dat de Christelijke Zedekunde geen eenen pligt voorschrijft, welke den Burger belette zijne belangen te beharti gen, en strijdig zij tegen het bestier van het Gemenebest naar de rege len eener gezonde Staatkunde. / Motto: Quid leges sine moribus Vanae proficiunt. Horatius. - Dutch 33 fol; paginated 1-63; 269 x 222 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally quires). - Received: 25 May 1781; dated by author: MDCCLXXXI. - Accessit winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.14. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, IV/1 (1782), p. 89-191. B 14.2 Legati Stolpiani quod est Leidae Curatoribus proponendum. / Motto: Recte facere omnium interest. - Latin 20 fol; paginated 1-37; 217 x 184 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally quires). - Received: 28 May 1781. - Accessit winner. - Published with title ‘Dissertatio tertia’ in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, IV/1 (1782), p. 193-240.
166 ARCHIVES B 14.3 Dissertatio qua demonstratur nullum in Ethica Christiana esse prae- ceptum, quo & singuli Cives in Suis commodis sequendis, & Principes in republica secundum regulas Politices administranda, impediantur. / Motto: Quaerite primum Regnum Dei. Matth. VI. 33. — Latin 20 fol; unpaginated; 230 x 192 mm; conjugate leaves (A-K) in paper wrappers. - Received: 1 June 1781. B 14.4 [Henrick Constantine Cras:] Disputatio ad Instituti Stolpiani Curatores, qua demonstratur, Nullum in Ethica Christiana praeceptum esse, quo et singuli cives in commodis suis sequendis, et principes in republica secundum politices regulas administranda, impediantur. / Motto: Si fractus illabatur orbis, Inpavidum ferient ruinae. - Latin 50 fol; paginated 1-100; 232 x 185 mm; (cut) single and conjugate leaves (ori ginally sewn quires). - Received: 30 June 1781. - First prize winner. - Related correspondence in A 3.14. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, ÏVII (1782), p. 1-88.
167 2.3 INVENTORY (b 14.3 - B 15.7)
168 ARCHIVES 14 fol; paginated 1-21; 235 x 190 mm; 1 quire sewn with pamphlet stitch. - Received: 9 May 1783. [B 15.10] [H.R. van Lier: Without title], / Motto: [Rite Deum justamque Dei defendere causam, Gloria digna Deo est, atque insimul utile nobis]. - [Latin] Manuscript is missing. — Received: [8 May 1783]. — Accessit winner. — Published with title ‘Disputatio III’ in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1784), p. 159-184. B 15.11 Antwoord op de Vraag van het Stolpiaansch Legaat [...]. / Motto-, Les hommes affligés osent s’enprendre aux Dieux, Tandis que tous leurs maux ne procèdent que d’eux. — Dutch 15 fol; paginated 1-31; 329 x 195 mm; 2 quires sewn in paper wrappers. - Received: 29 May 1783. B 15.12 Dissertatio Super Quaestione Theologiae Naturalis Qua vis et Ratione potest optime demonstrari, non esse contra Naturam Dei Perfectissimam, effecisse mundum, in quo mal insunt? / Motto: Auctorem manifestat suum opus. - Latin 32 fol; paginated 1-63; 245 x 195 mm; 8 quires (A-H). - Received: 4 June 1783.
169 2.3 INVENTORY (b 15.8 - B 15.17) B 15.13 Verhandeling over het Vraag-Stuk op welk eene wijze kan best betoogd worden, dat het Scheppen van eene waereld, waarin het kwaad toege laten is, niet strijdig zij met de volmaaktheijd der Godlijke natuur? / Motto: Verbeijd mij een weijnig, ende ik zal u aanwijzen, dat er noch redenen voor Godt zijn. Ik zal mijn gevoelen van verren ophalen; ende mijnen Schepper gerechtigheijd toewijzen. Job 36 vs. 2,3. - Dutch 16 fol; paginated 1-30; 210 x 165 mm; 2 quires sewn separately. - Received: 5 June 1783. B 15.14 Without title. / Motto: Consilium dei est mirabile, sed omnia ad Gloriosum exitum perducit. - Dutch 58 fol; unpaginated (§§ 1-57); 202 x 160 mm; 5 quires bound in cardboard covers with marbled paper covering. - Received: 11 June 1783. B 15.15 Demonstratur: Via theologico-naturali, sive a ratione perfectionum Entis Supremi examine Confirmata non esse Contra naturam ejus effecisse mundum, in Quo mala insunt. / Motto: Non est Sapientia Contra Dominum. - Latin 20 fol; paginated 1-37; 230 x 190 mm; 1 quire sewn twice (over top/bottom) with green silk ribbon; last leave cut. - Received: 24 June 1783. B 15.16 Verhandeling over De volmaakste Overeenstemming der Goddelijke Eigenschappen. / Motto: Het Kwaade toetelaaten, zoo als God het toe laat, is de hoogste Volmaaktheid. - Dutch 36 fol; unpaginated; 205 x 155 mm; 1 quire sewn with pamphlet stitch in wrappers of block-printed paper. - Received: 27 June 1783. B 15.17 Dissertatio Philosophica. de Malis in Mundo obviis Divinae perfectioni non contrariis; solutionis a doctissimis Viris institutionis Stolpianae Procuratoribus propositae quaestionis specimen exhibens; quae proposita quaestio haec erat. / Motto: Quoniam a toto particulam revelli placet, & unam contradictionem, manente lite integra, solvere, faciam rem non dif- ficilem, causam Deorum (Dei) agam. Seneca. - Latin 20 fol; paginated 1-38; 225 x 190 mm; 2 quires sewn together. — Received: 22 June 1783.

171 2.3 INVENTORY (B 15.18 - B 16.3) 50 fol; paginated 1-17,17 bis-72,72 bis-78; 1253 x 193 mm; 4 quires bound in cardboard covers with block-printed paper covering; with tide-page and introduction; accompanying letter (in a foreign hand) dated 30 June 1783. - Received: 30 June 1783. - With two more letters, the second with emendations and dated 5 July 1783. - Dutch [B 15.24] [W.L. Brown]. / Motto: [© norcoi, otov 8f) vu Geouq Ppoxoi aiTiocovra... Od. 1,32]. - [Latin] Manuscript is missing. - Received: [1 July 1783], - Accessit winner. - Published with title ‘Disputatio IV’ in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, III/2 (1784), p. 207-270. PQ16: 1785 — Dissent in Christian society

173 2.3 INVENTORY (B 16.4 - B 16.ll) 20 fol; paginated 1-39; 230 x 190 mm; 4 quires stitched three times in paper wrappers. - Received: 18 June 1785. B 16.8 Ad quaestionem ‘Qui fit, ut Suma religionis christianae officia ad imbuen- dos virtute animos, in paucis ejus cultoribus adpareant? & fit porro’ Commentatiuncula. / Motta ÖUK ectti eycb. Ad Galat: II, 20. - Latin 8 fol; unpaginated (§§ 1-20); 1 quire sewn twice (over top/bottom) and sewn in the middle with yellow thread; accompanying letter with emendations. — Received: 19 June 1785 B 16.9 [D. Hovens:] Antwoord op de Vraag der Heeren Bezorgers van het Stolpiaansch Legaat: ‘Waarom heeft de Christelijke Godsdienst, die in zich zelven zo zeer geschikt is, om de harten tot deugd te vormen, egter die uitwerking slechts in weinigen van deszelfs belijders? en welke zijn de zo openbaare als bijzondere middelen, waar door dit kwaad, zonder geweld te gebruiken, kan verbeterd worden?’ / Motto: Regis ad exem- plum totus componitur orbis. - Dutch 17 fol; paginated 1-34; 280 x 212 mm; (cut) single leaves (originally 2 quires sewn together). — Received: 20 June 1785. — Accessit winner. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, TV/2 (1782), p. 61-108. B 16.10 Without title. / Motto: Uit liefde voor mijn Evenmensch en tot myn zaligmaker. - Dutch 20 fol; paginated 1-38; 237 x 186 mm; 1 sewn quire. - Received: 21 June 1785. B 16.11 Verhandeling ter Beantwoording van de Vraag: Waarom heeft de Christelijke Godsdienst, die in zig zelven zoo zeer geschikt is, om de harten tot Deugd te vormen, echter die uitwerking slegts in weinigen van Deszelfs Belijders? en welke zijn de zoo openbaare, als bijzondere middelen, waar door dit kwaad, zonder geweld te gebruiken, kan ver beterd worden? / Motto: Ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores, nee sinit esse feros. - Dutch 38 fol; paginated 1-75; 205 x 165 mm; 5 quires sewn in wrappers of block- printed paper. - Received: 23 June 1785.

175 2.3 INVENTORY (B 16.12 - B 17.3) B 16.16 Without title. / Motto: Die Hem selven (Nam: Jesus Christus, Godts Zoon) voor ons gegeven heeft op dat Hij ons soude verlossen van alle ongerechtigheidt, ende Hem Selven, een eigen volk soude reinigen ijverig in goede werken. Tit 2.14. - Dutch 12 fol; paginated 1-24; 205 x 155 mm; 3 quires sewn in paper wrappers. - Received: 30 June 1785. B 16.17 De impedimentis Virtutis Christiane ad Legati Stolpiani Curatores Viros Clarissimos Disputatio. / Motto: Venienti occurrite morbo. - Latin 24 fol; paginated 1-46; 245 x 195 mm; (cut) single and conjugate leaves (origi nally all sewn conjugate leaves). - Received: 6 July 1785. - Accessit winner. - Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, IV/2 (1782), p. 225-272. PQ17:1787 — Divine prescience and human freedom
176 ARCHIVES
177 2.3 INVENTORY (b 17.4 - B 17.13)
178 ARCHIVES B 17.14 Gods volstrekt Besluit over alle vrije handelingen der menschen. / Motto: Gij weet mijn zitten en mijn opstaan; gij verstaat van verre mijn gedagte. Ps. 139.2. - Dutch 40 fol; paginated 1-80; 234 x 192 mm; 6 quires. — Received: 28 June 1787. B 17.15 No. 1: Antwoord op de Vraag uit de Natuurlijke Godgeleerdheid. [...] / No. 2: Antwoord op de Vraag uit de Natuurlijke Godgeleerdheid. [...]. / Motto first essay. Confiteri Deum, et negare praescium futurorum, aper- tissima insania est. Augustinus / Motto second essay. Ideoneum testimo nium Divinitatis veritas est Divinationis. Tertulliaan, Apolog. - Dutch 27 fol; paginated 1-40, *l-*2; 240 x 150 mm; 3+1 quires sewn in paper wrap pers (reinforced with a paper strip); two separate answers by the same author are sewn together, each with their own title-page and introduction. — Received: 29 June 1787; dated by author: 28 June 1787. B 17.16 Disputatio in quaestionem an Ex natura Dei demonstrari praescientia futurorum contingentium eamque non adversari libero arbitrio queat? / Motto: Hominum opinari, scire Dei est. - Latin 27 fol; paginated 1-52; 242 x 196 mm; 6 quires sewn and side-sewn together with red and green thread. — Received: 30 June 1787. B 17.17? Without title. / Without motto. - Latin 5 fol; unpaginated; 374 x 254 mm; conjugate and single leaves. — Received: [?]; dated by author on penultimate page: 13 April 1786. - Not recorded in Register. B 17.18? Without title. / Motto: Res non hunt quia praevisae sed quia futurae sunt, praevidentur. - Latin 4 fol; unpaginated; 252 x 184 mm; 1 quire. - Received: [?]. - Not recorded in Register.
179 2.3 INVENTORY (b 17.14 - B 26.4) PQ26: 1810 — Swearing oaths

181 2.3 INVENTORY (b 26.5 - B 28.5) PQ28:1816 — Contradictions in moral duties [B 28.5] [D. Kanngiesser: Verhandeling]. / Motto: [Matcapioq ó pq Kpivoov éauröv 8V <£ SoiapaCei, Rom 14: 22], - [Dutch]
182 ARCHIVES Manuscript is missing. - Received: [19 April 1816]. - Accessit winner. — Published in Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christiana Morum Doctrinam Spectantes pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae, VI/2 (1818), p. 115-204. B 36.1 Expositio Ethicae et Ethicae Christianae Schleiermacheri; disceptatio de scientifica ejus pertractatione; disquisitio de practica ejus vi: Tres quaes- tiones ab amplissima litterarum societate Lugduni-Batavorum proposi- tae. / Motto: Td toü Geoü ou8eig oi6ev, ei pq to Ttvsupa tou Geou. 1. epist. ad Corinth 2,11. - Latin 82 fol; paginated 2-160; 225 x 184 mm; 9 and 10 quires stitched twice (2 sets); with envelope. - Received: June 1841? PQ37:1842 - Moral feeling and God’s existence B 37.1 Beantwoording der, door de Curatoren van het Stolpiaansch Legaat, aan de Universiteit te Leyden, uitgeschrevene Prijsstoffe: Mag men aan- nemen dat er bij den mensch een ingeschapen gevoel van God bestaat; Zoo ja, van welken aard is dat gevoel, welke betrekking heeft hetzelve tot de overige vermogens van den Geest; en welke kracht bezit het, om van Gods aanwezen overtuigd te zijn. / Motto: Want het oor proeft de woorden gelijk het gehemelte de Spijzen Smaakt: laat ons kiezen wat regt is, en kennen wat goed is. Job 34: 3,4. - Dutch 42 fol; paginated 1-80; 228 x 155 mm; 5 quires sewn in paper wrapper. - Received: 26 April 1845. - With circulation list containing names of curators pasted to page 1.
2.3 INVENTORY (b 28.6 - B 41.l) 183 PQ38:1846 - Distinction between philosophical and Christian morals

185 2.3 INVENTORY (b 41.2- B 47.2) 112 fol; paginated 1-217; 303x230 mm; 14 quires sewn together, black decor ated paper glued to outer leaves, from the same author as B 42.1. - Received: [?]. - Revised version. Published by curators of Legatum Stolpianum: U.P. Okken, Verhandeling over het gebruik van de schriften der Grieken en Romeinen tot de wetenschappelijke opleiding der jeugd. Leiden 1856. (Verhandelingen betreffende de natuurlijke godgeleerdheid en de christelijke zedenkunde, 1). PQ43:1854 - Right and duties of elders, church and state concerning education B 43.1 Op de prijsvraag: Welke zijn naar Christelijke beginzelen, de Regten en Pligten van Ouders, Kerk en Staat, ten opzigte van onderwijs en opvoeding, Is kortelijk te antwoorden: Aller goede voorgang en gepaste tucht. / Motto: Opregt. — Dutch 2 fol; unpaginated; 330 x 205 mm; conjugate leaves. - Received: [?]. PQ47:1863 - Moral life and the hope of immortality [B 47.1] [?]. / Motto: [?].-[?] Manuscript is missing. — Received: [ -1863]. — See leaf pasted on the front cover of ms. B 47.2: ‘No. 1 met den naam van den schrijver te Velp bij Prof. Bake, misschien te laat, ingekomen’. B 47.2 Proeven van beantwoording der Vraag, welk verband bestaat er volgens de Christelijke Zedeleer tusschen de Zedelykheid en de hoop op de Onsterfelijkheid? Quomodo secundum Ethicam Christianam vita moralis cohaeret cum Spes immortalitatis? / Motto: BAx7texe pp tk; ópaq [...]. Paulus, Coloss. II. 8. - Dutch 192 fol; paginated 1-191 (pagination incomplete); 219 x 174 mm; quires bound in half linen, blue cardboard covers, some single leaves; single leaf pasted on the cover with remark: ‘Drie antwoorden op de vraag van het Stolpiaansch Legaat over het verband tusschen de zedelykheid en de hoop op onsterflijkheid’, and circulation list containing names of curators. - Received: [-1863].

Prize essay submitted by Jacob van Hengel, with motto-slip. - (B 52.2)
188 ARCHIVES PQ57:1891 - Inheritability of moral qualities B 57.1 Proeve van Beantwoording van de Vraag: Wat leert de ervaring ten aanzien van de erfelijkheid van zedelijke hoedanigheden en wat heeft de Wetenschap hieruit af te leiden? / Motto: What handsome is, that handsome does. Goldsmith. - Dutch 68 fol; unpaginated; 210 x 137 mm; conjugate leaves (with main text numbered 1-25) in paper wrappers, text on rectos; with table of contents and theses; in brown envelope with title and motto of prize essay adressed to Prof. Suringar (crossed out), subsequendy to Prof. Tiele.- Received: [?]. - Accompanying letter with circulation list containing names of curators, dated 22 December 1891. PQ61:1904 - Nietzsche B 61.1 Without title. / Motto: Geloof toch niet, dat het ... van een hoger standpunt getuigt, als men aan alles twijfelt. O. Funcke. — Dutch 187 fol; foliated 1-170 (rest blank); 215 x 179 mm; text on rectos; notebook, bound in half linen, cardboard covers with green marbled paper covering; marbled edges. - Received: [-1904]. PQ64:1909 - Relation between religion and magic B 64.1 Beantwoording der prijsvraag van het Stolpiaansch Legaat: In welke verhouding staan magie en godsdienst tot elkander? / Motto: De men- sch wikt en God beschikt. - Dutch 31 fol; foliated 1-31; 328 x 200 mm; single leaves (upper left hole of split pin) in paper wrappers; text written on rectos. — Received: [?]. PQ66:1913 - History of the concept of natural law B 66.1 [J. Clay:] Schets eener geschiedenis van het begrip: ‘Natuurwet’ in de nieuwere Wijsbegeerte. / Motto: Die beste Auslegung ist diejenige, welche den Autor aus sich selbst erklart und ihm keinen anderen Sinn unterschiebt als er hat. Kuno Fischer. — Dutch
189 2.3 INVENTORY (B 57.1 - B 72.2) 258 fol; foliated 1-235; 220 x 150 mm; 8 notebooks, each bound in paper wrap pers. - Received: [-1913]. - First prize winner. - Published by curators of Legatum Stolpianum: J. Clay, Schets eener kritische geschiedenis van het begrip natuurwet in de nieuwere wijsbegeerte. Met eene inleiding omtrent dat begrip bij vóórchristelijke denkers. Leiden, 1915. PQ68:1918 — Relevance of antique cosmology for religion
190 ARCHIVES B 72.3 Verhandeling over het vraagpunt: Het verzet tegen en de onthouding van metaphysica, die kenmerkend waren voor de positivistische en voor de eenzydig kenkritische scholen der 19 e eeuwsche wijsbegeerte, hebben plaats gemaakt voor hernieuwde belangstelling in metaphysica. Gevraagd wordt een kritisch onderzoek naar de opkomst van dit nieuwe streven en naar de resultaten, waartoe het reeds heeft geleid. / Motto: Het absolute is de opperste realiteit. - Dutch 110 fol; foliated 1-106; 345 x 220 mm; leaves bound with metal brace in pink folder; typescript with handwritten corrections; text on rectos. - Received: [?] PQ87:1960 - Greek origin of‘negative’theology B 87.1 Without title. / Motto: De theologische toetssteen. - Dutch 34 fol; foliated 1,4-36 (2-3 missing); 273 x 215 mm; single leaves, typescript with handwritten corrections; text on rectos. - Dated by secretary on 36v: ‘Prijsvraag Antwoord ingediend en verworpen I960’.
191 2.4 Index of Mottos According to the rules of the prize essay competition (see article 4 of Stolp’s Testament), contestants were obliged to submit their entries anonymously. Each submission was to be identified individually by means of a motto chosen by the author. This motto was also to be written on a separate sealed envelope containing the author’s name and address. This ensured that the judges would not know who the authors were until a judgment had been made. Only the mottos from manuscripts kept in the archives of the Legatum Stolpianum (as inventorized under 2.3) are part of this index. They are grouped by language in alphabetical order, with references to the shelf mark of the manu scripts. The origin of some mottos was given by the authors themselves. Other mottos have been identified in the process of making the index. All source refer ences are placed within parentheses and are normalized. In the last index section the sources are divided into three groups: bible, classical and patristic works, other works. The mottos of missing manuscripts (not listed in this index) can be found in the prize essay register (A 1.5) and the volumes containing the awarded and pub lished Dissertationes [...] pro Praemio Legati Stolpiani Conscriptae (1755-1838). ’AA.r|0eïa êv aycmr). - B 2.2 AXr|0ei)ovT8? 8è ev ay am]. - B 8.42 Avéxou Kai arce/ou. -B 8.14 cmA.ov to ate0e<;. - B 8.7 AOavaxoix; pev npcoxa 0eoug, voptp ax; SiaKeavxai Tipa. (Pythag. Aur. Carm.). - B 6.30
192 ARCHIVES BASKETS jar] Tig üpag [...] (Colossians 2,8)- - B 47.2 Tv©0i OEauxov (Plato, Protagoras 343A). - B 7.7 ’E8iKai©0r| p aocpia onto x©v tékvcov auxrig. - B 15.20 Èi Kai iSicóxTig x© Aóy©, aAA’ou xf) yvcbaei. - B 6.24 Ei xo (pcoa xo èv ooi, okóxoo èaxi, xó ctkóxoct nócov (Matthew 6,23). -B12.il (bis) Éig EaxauToyevriCT, Évoc EKyova navxa tetukxoi (Carm.Orphic.).-B 13.8 Eio CTCöxupiav 7tavxi x© tuoteüovti (Romans 1,16). - B 42.1 EK toi) ópav Eaxi xo êpav.-B 1.13 ’Ev aux© £©pev, Kai KivoupeOa Kai èapEV. - B 17.6 ÈuöóktictÊv ö Osög, 8ia p©piag xoü KipÜYpaxog a©aai xoüg Ttiaxéuovxag (1 Corinthians 1,21).-B 8.18 'H Coofi è(pavEpoó0Ti. - B 47.3 0sög Ytvóxncei xa x'èóvxa, xa x’èaaópEva, 7tpó x’èovxa.-B 17.13 0eög oü8aprj oü8ap©g a8ucog. - B 8.46 Kai auxö xoöxo 8è O7tou8riv rtaaav napEiaevÉYKavxECT [...] (2 Peter 1,5-7). - B 12.4 AaOe picöaag (Epicurus, Fragm. 551 Usener). - B 2.12 [MaKapiog ó pr| Kpiv©v éauxöv èv © 8oiapaCEi] (Romans 14,22).-B 28.5 Nop© PorjOEiv Kai avopia ttoAepeiv. -B26.1 'O apapxavEi éauxcp apapxavEO. - B 8.38 Ö 0sög fju^avEV: 0eoü Yap êapEV auvepYoi (1 Corinthians 3,6).-B 16.12 ó 0eög <p©g êaxi, Kai cncoxia èv aux© oük èaxiv ou8spia (1 John 1,5). -B 15.23 Ou yap ènaiaxuvopai xö EÜaYYÉAiov. 8üvapia yap 0eoü èaxiv Eia amxupiav 7tavxi x© 7uaxEÓovxi (Romans 1,16).-B 42.1 Ou yap èrcaiaxuvopai xö EuaYYÉAtov xoü Epicrcoü ...(Romans 1,16). —B42.2 Ou Y«p è7iaiCTXÜvopai xö èuaYYÉAiov xoü Xpiaxoü (Romans 1,16).-B 4.8 óuk êaxi êY© (Galatians 2,20). - B 16.8 navxa 8oKipaCexe xo koAov koxexete. - B 8.45 naoTig avxiAoYiag népag ó öpKog.-B26.4 nAaxüg ó KÓapog ©eöv oü SéxExai. - B 9.24 rioAAoi èpoüai poi èv ekeivi] xrj fpépa [...] (Matthew 7,22-23). - B 16.5 Ta KaXa 8ucncoAa. - B 13.2 Ta xoü Geoü oü8eig oi8ev, ei pri xó rtVEupa xoü 0eoü (1 Corinthians 2,11). - B 36.1 To pev napEpYOV epyov ©g 7toioupE0a, To 8 epyov ©g napEpYOV EK7to- voupE0a (Agathon ap. Athen., Dipnosoph. 5,185b). — B 1.16 Toü Yap novoüvxog Kai 0£Ög auAAappavEi. — B 8.6 Toü 0eoü ayaQa noioüvxog, tióGev xa kokó (Maximus Tyrius). - B 15.5 [cpaoKOVXEg Eivai oocpoi èp©pav0rioav]. - B 2.9 Xspa £uA,ucr|V (Aristoteles). - B 3.3 © 7107101, óiov 8fi vu 0EOug ppoxoi aixuxbvxai [...] (Hom.,Od 1,32).-B 15.24
193 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS Latin Mottos A Jove Principium (Verg., Eclog. 3,60 ). - B 2.5 Ab uno omnes (Verg., Aen. 2,65). - B 2.11 Abs [Ab?] alto veniunt munera. — B 5.2 Ad locum, unde exeunt flumina, revertuntur, ut iterum fluant (Ecclesiastes 1,7). -B4.11 Ad quaerendum Dominum, si forte eum contrectarent ac invenirent: quanquam non procul ab unoquoque nostrum remotum (Acts 17,27). - B 1.10 Adfirmant mirum cuncta creata Deum. - B 5.10 Adhuc stat (Regula St. Bened. 58,13). - B 16.1 Adnuat Deus! - B 3.11 Adspicias Domini quae sunt Magnalia Summi! - B 7.5 Amatus ... Amo Gloriam naturae perfectissimae Dei, et Veritatem ejus. - B 15.9 Amicus Plato, Amicus Socrates, Sed magis Arnica Veritas (Aristoteles, Ethica l,4,1096a,16). - B 11.14 Amicus Socrates, amicus Plato; Sed magis arnica Veritas (Aristoteles, Ethica l,4,1096a,16). - B 16.15 Amor virtutis. - B 4.3 Antequam has omnes. - B 4.15 Ardua prima via est (cf. Ovid., Metam. 2,63). - B 6.23 Ardua tendtando, vinces. - B 7.13 Atheus in locum manus viventis opi ficis [opifkis], sufficit ligneam (xepa Cu?dKT|V, Aristoteles). - B 3.3 Atqui licet esse beatis (Hor., Sat. 1,1). - B 12.26 Attingit ergo a fine usque ad finem fortiter, et disponit omnia suaviter (Sapientia 8,1). -B 17.12 Auctorem manifestat suum opus. - B 15.12 Audax omnia perpeti Gens humana ruit per Vetitum nefas (Hor., Carm. 1,.3,25-26). - B 12.3 Aurea condet saecula (Verg., Aen. 6,792). - B 4.13 Aut Deus aut nihil. - B 3.12 Benedicat tibi ex Sione Jehova qui fecit coelos aeternam (Psalm 134,3). - B 6.47 Bonis placuisse, sat est. - B 7.21 Candide! et cordate! - B 6.6 Casu fieri putet (Cic., De Harusp. Resp. 19). - B 9.31 Certamen praemia magna movent (Ovid., Heroid. 16,374). - B 13.12 Coelo tonantem credidimus Jovem regnare (Hor., Carm. 3,5,1). - B 9.17 Coelo Tonantem Credidimus Jovem regnare (Hor., Carm. 3,5,1). - B 11.4 Conatu et studiis tandem consumitur ipse qui scire contendit quae scire nemo potest pro pudor usque adeo est homine .... - B 12.13 Confiteri Deum, et negare praescium futurorum, apertissima insania est (Aug., De Civ. Dei 5,9,4). - B 17.15a
194 ARCHIVES Conscia mens recti (Ovid., Fasti 4,311). - B 12.25 Consensio humani generis in confitendo, quod Deus sit, num satis probet, Deum esse. — B 11.1 Consilium dei est mirabile, sed omnia ad Gloriosum exitum perducit. - B 15.14 Consultrix Natura (Cic., Nat. Deor. 2,58). — B 12.2 Convenienter naturae vivere: id habet hanc (ut opinior) sententiam, cum virtute congruere semper (Cic., Offic. 3,13). - B 12.21 Cum scientia narratura sit de Ethicis et moribus. - B 52.2 Daemonia quoque Deum esse credunt & horrescunt (James, 2,19). - B 11.7 Debilis est calamus, sensus decidere debet. - B 10.5 Decipimur specie recti (Hor., Ars 25). - B 7.9 Deo et Proximo. — B 1.7 Deo imperii, nobis obsequii; gloria relicta est (Tac. Annal. 6,8). - B 8.21 Deo parere libertas est (Sen. phil., Dial 2.7.15.7). — B 6.11 Deo parere libertas est (Sen. phil., Dial. 2.7.15.7). — B 6.49 Deo parere, libertas (Sen. phil., Dial. 2.7.15.7). — B 8.30 Deum cognoscere maxima est felicitas. — B 9.34 Deus est qui non mutatur in aevo (Manil., Astron. 1,523). - B 9.14 Deus est, qui non mutatur in aevo (Manil., Astron. 1,523). - B 1.19 Deus ex se ipso est et cognoscitur. - B 7.8 Difficilia magnanimis pulchra (Erasmus, Adagia 1012). - B 5.12 Dirige me in veritate tua et doce me, quia tu es deus salvator meus (Psalm 24,5). - B 6.50 Divosque mortalesque turmas Imperio regit unus aequo (Hor., Carm. 3,4,47). - B 13.7 Dominus de coelo prospexit super filios hominum si est intelligens ... (Psalm: 13,2-3). -B 13.14 Dulcius ex ipso Fonte bibuntur Aquae. Salus Populi Suprema Lex est (Cic., De legib. 3,8). — B 6.29 Ecce alis audet musea volare suis. - B 8.17 Ego sum A et O, primus ille et ultimus, dicit Dominus (Revelations 1,11; 22,13). - B 5.7 Est Deus in nobis, et sunt commercio coeli. Sedibus aethereis spiritus ille venit (Ovid., Ars 3,549). -B 3.8 Est Deus Omnipotens fons et origo boni. - B 6.7 Est natura sic generata vis hominis, ut ad omnem virtutem percipiendam facta videatur... (Cic., De Finib. 5,43). - B 10.29 Estque Dei Sedes ubi terra et pontus et aër Et caelum et virtus. Superos quid quaerimus ultra? (Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,579). — B 11.6 Et Deo et homini. — B 8.16 Etiam non assecutis abunde pulcrum (Plin., Nat. Hist, praef. 15). — B 3.22 Ex Rerum Mundi defectu noscitur Auctor. - B 9.13
195 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS Exemplum Dei quisque est in imaginem parvam (Manil., Astron. 4,895). - B 8.3 Expertus novi. - B 10.19 Facilis descensus Averni, Sed revocare gradum, suprasque evadere ad auras, Hoc Opus, hie Labor est (Verg., Aen. 6,126). - B 16.7 Faciunt nae intelligendo ut nihil intelligant (Ter., Andria, prol.). - B 6.21 Felix, qui legum potuit cognoscere causas (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 8.5 Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causam (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 3.23 Felix, qui potuit, rerum cognoscere caussam (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 1.18 Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 12.1 Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 15.1 Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causus (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 6.58 Felix, qui potuit tantae rei cognoscere causam (Verg., Georg. 2,490). - B 12.12 Fieri nequit, ut omnia falsa sint alteram enim contradictionis partem oportet esse veram. (Aristoteles Metaph. 3.8). - B 3.16 Fructu non foliis arborem aestima (cf. Matthew 7,17-). - B 5.11 Fungar vice cotis ... exsors ipsa servandi (Hor., Ars 304). - B 10.17 Haec alternanti potior sententia visa est (Verg., Aen. 4,287). - B 7.15 Haud bene praefuerint multi: Rex unicus esto (cf. Theophr.). - B 13.3 Heu! Primae scelerum causae mortalibus aegris, Naturam nescire Deum (Sil. Ital., Punica 4,792). - B 11.22 Homini lex Dei supremi prescripta ffagili et ad salutem. - B 6.4 Hominum opinari, scire Dei est. - B 17.16 Honor, qui Deo vero habetur, honorantis quoque est honor. - B 8.48 Hunc solem, et terras, et decedentia certis Tempora momentis, sunt, qui formi- dine nulla Imputi, spectent (Hor., Epist. 1,6,3-6). - B 9.30 Ideoneum testimonium Divinitatis veritas est Divinationis (Tertull., Apologd). - B 17.15 bis Ignoti enim nulla cupido nullaque aversatio est (Ovid., Ars 3.397). - B 8.35 Ignotus utrimque. - B 1.4 Ille sinistrorsum, hie dextrorsum abit, unus utrique Error, sed variis illudit parti- bus (Hor., Sat. 2,3,50). - B 8.33 Illic se lumine vero implevit (Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,11). - B 4.10 Imperium est cura salutis alienae. - B 8.23 In Deo omnia, cetera cuncta somnia. — B 12.14 In magnis conari sat est. Vitiis nemo sine nascitur, optimus ille est, qui minimis urgetur. - B 15.21 In magnis voluisse sat est (Prop., Eleg. 2,10,6). - B 6.36 In magnis voluisse, sat est (Prop., Eleg. 2,10,6). - B 8.22 In magnis voluisse sat est, Tendimus ad coelestem patriam (Prop., Eleg. 2,10,6). — B 8.9 In obsequio erga Deum summa mortalium versatur gloria. - B 6.17 In omnibus rebus videndum est quatenus (Cic. ?). - B 11.5
196 ARCHIVES Indagatio rerum turn maximarum, turn etiam occultissimarum habet oblecta- tionem (Cic., LuculL 127). — B 7.16 Ingenuas didicisse fidebter artes Emolbt mores, nec sinit esse feros (Ovid., Ex Ponto 2,9,47-48). -B 16.11 Innocui vivite, Numen adest (Ovid., Ars 640). — B 7.10 Insignitam destinata (Bacon). - B 12.11 bis Inter omnes Philosophos constat, qui unam habet omnes habere virtutes. - B 12.20 Inter utrumque tene (Ovid., Metam. 2,140). — B 10.8 Iovis omnia plena (Verg., EclogL 3,60). — B 1.11 Ipsa suis opibus Divum Natura necesse est polleat (Lucr.?). - B 5.9 Ipse Deus Suprema Lex. - B 6.41 Ipse est necessitas sua (Sen. phil., Nat. Quaest. 1.1.3). — B 9.28 Jovis omnia Plena (Verg., Eclog. 3.60). — B 11.11 Jurandi consuetudine in perjurium facile prolabimur. Contra quum paree juratur, sancte juratur. - B 26.2 Justus est Jehova Deus noster in omnibus quae factis suis quae fecit (Baruch 2,9). - B 8.39 Justus florebit ut palma (Psalm 92,13). - B 6.22 Labi hominis, servare Dei est: Meritis perit iste (Prud., Hamartig. 7 .). - B 15.7 Laus Deo salus populi. - B 6.3 Leges Excelsae, quae coebtus Natae sunt, quarum Deus pater est solus, neque eas Mortalis hominum natura peperit (Sophocles). - B 8.51 Lex Lux. —B 8.19 Longe est praestabilius de rebus utilibus mediocres habere opiniones, quam Supervacanearum exquisitam cognitionem... (Socrates). - B 12.15 Lucente sole obscurantur ignes sole minores. - B 4.5 Magna pars est profectus veile proficere (Sen. phil., Epist. 71.36). - B 28.4 Magnarum hie vigor est mentium - incunctantes credere quae corporeo non videntur intuitu (Leo Magnus, Serm. 2. DeAscens. Dom.).-B 11.15 Manifestae turpitudinis est, nolle jurare (Digesta. 12,2,28). — B 26.3 Meditando et distinguendo. - B 6.38 Meditatione & Oratione. - B 5.8 Meliori cedo. — B 10.22 ... Mens excitari jurejurando solet, ut bina diligenter evitet mala culpari amicis, 8c Deos offendere. — B 26.8 Modestam amo Philosophiam. - B 15.22 Multum dare solemus praesumptioni omnium hominum (Sen. phil., Epist. 117,6).-B 11.10 Multum mihi Tecum est (Spinoza). - B 9.5 Nam nihil aegrius est, quam res secernere apertas A dubiis, animus quas ab se protinus addit (Lucr., De Nat. Rer. 4,467-468). — B 8.26 Natura sibi similem amat artem: Ars liberalis, justa naturae aemula, facit possi- bile, quod impossibile putatur. — B 3.20
197 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS Ne quid nimis (Ter., Andria 61). - B 3.15 Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Inciderit (Hor., Ars 191). - B 11.20 Nec frustra, ac sine causa, quid facere, dignum Deo est (Cic., De Divin. 2,60). - B 8.25 Nec natura potest justo secernere iniquum, Dividit ut bona diversis, fugienda petendis (Hor., Sat. 1,3,113). - B 10.31 Nec pluribus impar. - B 6.33 Nec temere nec timide. - B 9.27 Nec Temere, Nec Timide. - B 1.9 Nec vero Deus ipse, qui intelligitur a nobis, alio modo intelligi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam, et libera, segregata ab omni concretione mortali, omnia sen- tiens, et movens, ipsaque praedita motu sempiterno (Cic., Tuscul.1,66). - B 3.2 Nec vero Deus ipse, qui intelligitur a nobis, alio modo intelligi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam, et libera, segregata ab omni concretione mortali, omnia sen- tiens, et movens, ipsaque praedita motu sempiterno (Cic., Tuscul. 1,66). - B 3.4 Negata tentat iter via (Hor., Carm. 3,2,22). - B 7.24 Nemo omnes, omnes neminem fallunt (Sen.?). - B 11.19 Nemo sine numine felix. - B 7.18 Neque tarn est acris acies in naturis hominum et ingeniis, ut res tantas quisquam, nisi monstratas, possit videre: neque tanta tamen in rebus obscuritas, ut eas non penitus acri vir ingenio cernat, si modo adspexerit (Cic., De Orat. 3,124). -B 13.6 Nescire, discere, proficere, subindeque aut haerere, aut errare humanae sapientiae curriculum est. - B 7.6 Nihil agit Deus sine ratione objectiva. - B 8.56 Nihil est sine ratione sufficiënte. - B 9.9 Nihil est, mihi crede, virtute formosius, nihil pulcrius nihil amabilius (Cic., Ad Fam. 9,14,4).-B 10.27 Nihil potest esse aequabile quod non a certa ratione proficiscatur (Cic., Tuscul. 2,65).-B 10.23 Nil majus generatur ipso, Nec viget quidquam Simile aut Secundum (Hor., Carm. 1,12,17).-B 13.1 Nil sine Deo. — B 8.10 Nil volentibus arduum (cf. Hor., Carm. 1,3,37). - B 3.6 Nimis generalia parum informant, nisi deducantur (Bacon). - B 12.11 Nisi utile est, quod facimus, Stulta est gloria (Phaedr. 3,7,12). - B 6.31 Non equidem tali me dignor honore: est tamen aliquid Principibus posse placere Viris (cf. Hor., Epist. 1,17,35).- B 11.8 Non est mortale, quod opto. - B 6.54 Non est Sapientia Contra Dominum. — B 15.15 Non ex regulis ius, sed e jure regulae extiterunt. - B 8.36 Non nisi rationis experientiaeque lumine nutrito fide. - B 10.25
198 ARCHIVES Non omnia possumus omnes (Verg., Eclog. 8,63). - B 5.4 Non opus est quadraginta paginis, sufficiunt hae. - B 8.34 Non sensu sed ratione perspicitur verum. - B 9.18 Non sensu sed ratione perspicitur verum. - B 9.2 Non tali auxilio, nee defensoribus istis, Numen eget (Verg., Aen. 2,521). - B 7.14 Non verum aut justum sterilis fortuna (creavit) (De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius). - B 6.45 Nos poma natamus. — B 11.2 Nox abiit, oriturque Aurora, Palilia poscor (Ovid., Fasti 4,721). — B 9.26 Nulla dies sine linea (cf. Plin. mai., Nat. Hist. 35,84). — B 1.17 Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Quid verum atque decenus euro 8c rogo, 8c omnis in hoc sum. (Hor., Epist. 1,1,14). — B 7.20 Nullum theatrum virtuti conscientia majus est (Cic., Tuscul 2,26). - B 10.26 Numen praesidium 8c dulce decus meum (cf. Hor., Carm. 1,2). — B 5.6 Nunquam aliud natura, aliud sapientia dicit (Juv., Sat. 14,321). - B 12.18 Nunquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit (Juv., Sat. 14,321). — B 12.7 Nunquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit (Juv., Sat. 14,321). - B 12.24 O altitudo! - B 10.2 O Tu! qui putas esse necessarium hoc universum, Me censere secus, esse necesse putes. — B 9.7 O Tu! qui putas esse necessarium hoc universum, Me censere secus, esse necesse putes. — B 9.22 Omne Verum Simplex. - B 10.10 Omnes tacito quodam sensu, sine ulla arte aut ratione, quae sint in artibus ac rationibus prava aut recta, dijudicant (Cic., De Orat. 3,195). — B 10.9 Omni in re omnium gentium consensio lex naturae putanda est (Cic., Tuscul. 1,30). -B 11.17 Omnia ad suum arbitrium refert Deus, suis stat judiciis. - B 8.13 Omnia in Uno. — B 3.1 Omnia nostra sunt vana sine ope ejus. - B 6.55 Omnia quaecunque? vultis, ut faciant vobis homine, et vos facite illis (Matthew 7,12).-B 12.10 Omnia secundum ordinem fiant (1 Corinth. 14,40). — B 12.23 Omnis qui recedit, et non permanet in doctrina Christi, Deum non habet (2 John 9). —B 1.3 Omnium rerum descriptionem et modum mentis infinitae vi ac ratione designari et confici voluit (Cic., De Nat. Deor. 1,26). — B 1.12 Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat (Cic., De Nat. Deor. 2.5) .-B 11.23 Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat (Cic., De Nat. Deor. 2.5) . -B 11.9 Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat (Cic., De Nat. Deor. 2.5) .-B 11.18
199 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS Opinionum commenta delet dies, naturae judicia confirmat (Cic., De Nat. Deor. 2,5).-B 11.21 Opus artificuem probat. — B 3.7 Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque tueri. Jussit et erectos ad sydera tollere vultus (Ovid., Metam. 1,85-86). — B 5.1 Parcite oves nimium procedere; non bene ripae Creditur ... (Verg., Eel. 3,94). - B 10.24 Pauci laeta arva tenemus (Verg., Aen. 6,744). - B 2.1 Per Spinas ad Rosas. - B 12.6 Philosophandum libere, modeste tarnen. - B 4.2 Philosophia obiter libata a Deo abducit, penitus hausta ad eundem reducit (Bacon, De augm. scient. Lib. 1). - B 17.9 Philosophia obiter libata a Deo abducit; Sed penitus exhausta ad eundem reducit (Bacon, De augm. scient. Lib. 1). - B 3.25 Plus ultra - B 8.12 Post nubila Phoebus. - B 9.12 Post nubila Phoebus. - B 9.29 Post tenebras Lux. - B 13.5 Post tenebras spero lucem (Job 17,12). - B 9.4 Potestas potestati subjecta. - B 9.21 Primus est Deorum cultus Deos credere; deinde reddere illis Majestatem suam (Sen. phil., Epist. 95,50). - B 6.16 Principibus placuisse Viris non ultima laus est (Hor., Epist. 1,17,35). - B 3.5. Principibus placuisse viris non ultima laus est (Hor., Epist. 1,17,35). - B 8.49 Pro Deo 8c Libertate. - B 8.37 Procul antecipata repelle Judicia; et recto librans examine lances, Hanc demum, audita causa, complectere partem, Quam Mens, et Ratio, Veri studiosa, prob- abit (De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius). - B 7.12 Propitio Cum Deo! - B 10.11 Propterea quidquid per se est variabile, non est Aeternum, et pendere aliquo ex moderante necesse est (De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius). - B 9.15 Prudenter et Candide. - B 6.51 Quae tenet aeternum propriis a viribus aevum, Atque est idcirco, quia per se debuit esse, Et non esse nequit: res ilia, utcunque vocetur, In se habeat totum esse, ac totum posse, necesse est (De Polignac Anti-Lucretius 3,131-134). - B 7.23 Quaerite primum Regnum Dei (Matthew 6,33). - B 14.3 Quam multos divini supplicii metus a scelere revocavit! (Cic., De Legib. 2,16). - B 26.5 Quam pulchum sic est in principiis, in origine rerum defixisse oculos (De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius). — B 12.22 Quanta sunt, quae nescimus! - B 3.14 Quantum mortalia pectora coecae Noctis habent! (Ovid., Metam. 6,472-473). - B 10.28
200 ARCHIVES Quantum vis lateat, cupio cognoscere verum Ardua prima via est, sed superata iuvat (cf. Ovid., Metam. 2,63). - B 6.23 Quern sequimur, quove ire jubes? ubi ponore sedes? Da Pater augurium, atque animis iUabere nostris? (Verg., Aen. 3,88-89). B 6.43 Qui ambulat simpliciter ambulat confidenter, qui autem depravat vias suas man ifesto erit (Proverbs 10,9). - B 14.5 Qui bene distinguit, bene docet (cf. Quintil., Inst. Orat. 11.2.36). — B 10.21 Qui bene distinguit bene docet (cf. Quintil., Inst. Orat. 11.2.36). — B 28.2 Qui honesta indole praediti sunt, simul Honestatem dignoscunt, 8c prosequuntur (Democrat. Sent. 23). — B 10.18 Qui patitur, vindt. - B 6.10 Quid aut laudari rite, aut vituperari potest, si ab ejus natura recesseris, quod aut laudandum aut vituperandum putes? (Cic., De Legib. 1,51). - B 10.16 Quid dignum tanto feret hie promissor hiatu? (Hor., Ars 138). - B 10.6 Quid est igitur, quod me impediat ea, quae mihi probabilia videantur sequi (Cicero, De Offic. 2.8). — B 28.6 Quid Leges sine moribus Vanae proficiunt? (Hor., Carm. 3,24,35). — B 6.32 Quid leges sine moribus Vanae proficiunt (Hor., Carm. 3,24,35). — B 14.1 Quid statit - atqui licet esse beatis (Hor., Sat. 1,1,19). - B 15.19 Quid verius? - B 10.12 Quidquid superi voluere, peraequum est (Ovid., Metam. 8,619). - B 8.32 Quis est Deus? Felix, qui veras avidus cognoscere causas Sensus assurgit supra... (De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius). - B 3.7 bis Quis est tarn vecors, qui cum suspexerit in coelum, Deum esse non sentiat? Et ea, quae tanta mente fiunt, ut vix quisquam arte ulla ordinem rerum atque vicis- setudinem, persequi possit. Casu fieri putet (Cic., DeHarusp. Resp. 19). — B 9.31 Quo semel est imbuta etc. (Hor., Epist. 1,2,69-70). - B 16.4 Quoniam a toto particulam revelli placet, 8c unam contradictionem, manente lite integra, solvere, faciam rem non difficilem, causam Deorum (Dei) agam (Sen. phil. Dial. 1,1,1).-B 15.17 Recte facere omnium interest. - B 14.2 Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis (Claudian., De quarto Hon. cons. 299). -B 16.9 Religionis summa, imitari quern colis. - B 4.12 Relligio vincat, nostrae sit regula vitae. - B 2.8 Res non fiunt quia praevisae sed quia futurae sunt, praevidentur. — B 17.18? Rite Deum justamque Dei defendere causam, Gloria digna Deo est, atque insimul utile nobis. - B 15.10 Salus Populi Suprema Lex est (Cic., De legib. 3,8). - B 6.29 Salus populi suprema lex esto (Cic., De legib. 3.8). — B 8.57 Sapientia duce, Virtute comite. - B 12.5 Sapientia prima est stultitia caruisse (Hor., Epist. 1,1,41). — B 3.19
201 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS Sapientiae rt^ripcopa habemus! - B 38.1 Sat cito, si sat bene (Hieronym., Epist. 66.9). - B 4.6 Sciscitare jumenta, et te docebunt, etc. (Job. 12, 7-8). - B 9.1 Scriptam cordi humano divinam inesse legem, Ethnicorum quoque conscientia testatur. - B 2.6 Semel insanivimus omnes. (Bapt. Mantuanus, Parth. 1,178). — B 2.10 Servi dominus servi imperans. — B 6.35 Sese mole tenet. (Verg., Aen. 7,588-589). - B 28.1 Si Deus pro nobis, quis contra nos? (cf. Romans 8,31). - B 1.1 Si dixerint mihi, quod est nomen ejus, quid dicam Eis? Ego Sum qui Sum (Exodus 3,16). - B 7.2 Si ff actus illabatur orbis, Inpavidum ferient ruinae (Hor., Carm. 3,3,7). - B 14.4 Sic aeterna Dei posuit Sapientia leges. - B 6.53 Sic demum rerum nascitur ordo. - B 3.9 Sic Deus est Animus nobis ut carmina dicunt; Hie tibi praecipue sit pura mente colendus. - B 4.4 Sic gentes poterant coelum terrasque creantem, immensum partim, concelebrare Deum. - B 2.7 Simplex sigillum veri (cf. Boerhaave). — B 6.42 Sine Deo nihil est. - B 3.13 Sine fuco et ornamentis se sola placet. — B 9.16 Sol justitiae illustra nos. - B 6.14 Soli Deo gloria (cf. 1 Timothy 1,17). - B 3.10 Soli Deo gloria (cf. 1 Timothy 1,17). - B 3.17 Soli Deo Gloria (cf. 1 Timothy 1,17). - B 8.47 Spes non confiindit. - B 6.8 Structa super lapidem qui ruet ista domus? - B 6.40 Sub continuas animi affectiones, tarn admirationis quam venerationis, infinitam hujus numinis potentiam, sapientiam bonitatemque. - B 5.5 Sunt ingeniis nostris semina innata virtutum, quae si adolescerent, ipsa nos ad beatam vitam natura perduceret (Cic., Tuscul. 3,2). - B 10.30 Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est (Verg., Aen. 5,710). - B 2.3 Superos Quid quaerimus Ultra? (Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,579). - B 7.4 Superos quid querimus ultra? Jupiter est quodcumque vides, quocumque moveris (Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,579). - B 11.12 Tam certum est Deum esse, quam certum est lucere solem. - B 1.15 Tarnen fretus intelligentia vestra brevius dissero, quam causa desiderat (Cic., Nat. deor. 1,49). - B 8.2 Totius Iustitiae nulla est Capitalior pestis, quam eorum, qui turn, dum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut boni viri videantur (Cic., De Offic. 1,41). - B 10.3 Totius mundi una vox, Deus est! - B 9.32 Unus est Legislator qui potest servare 8c pendere. - B 6.56
202 ARCHIVES Unus rerum Pater est, Unus cuncta ministrat (Boeth., Consol. Phil 3,6,2). - B 9.8 Unus rerum Pater est, Unus cuncta ministrat (Boeth., Consol. Phil 3,6,2 ). - B 9.19 Unus sufficit, quod sufficit non plus Ultra. - B 1.2 Ut desint vires; tarnen est laudanda voluntas! (Ovid., £x Ponto 3,4,79). - B 1.8 Ut revelentur ex multis cordibus cogitationes (Luke 2,35). - B 17.11 Vani sunt omnes homines, in quibus non subest Scientia Dei; et qui operibus atten- dentes non agnoverunt quis esset artifex (Wisdom of Solomon 13,1). — B 3.24 Venienti occurrite morbo (Pers., Sat. 3,64). - B 16.17 Vere est, non futurum, non praeteritum, neque orsum, neque desiturum. Sic itaque Deus nobis est venerationis studio salutandus atque compellandus (Plutarch.). - B 7.17 Veritas index sui et obbqui. - B 13.10 Veritate et cognoscendo et agendo nihil homini carius esse debet. - B 6.5 Veritate, non praemio vel honore, incitatus. — B 8.54 Veritatem eme, et ne vendas (Proverbs 23,23). - B 7.11 Veritatis amore. - B 6.52 Vexatio dat intellectum (Isaiah 28,19). - B 8.11 Viam brevissimam philosophia amat. - B 9.3 Vias tuas, Domine, demonstra mihi: et semitas tuas edoce me (Psalm 25,4). - B 8.27 Virtus in actione consistit (Cic., De Offic. 1,6). - B 7.22 Virtutum omnium pretium in ipsis est (Seneca, phil., Epist. 81,19). - B 12.17 Vis Deos propitiare? Bonus esto. Satis illos coluit, quisquis imitatus est (Sen. phil., Epist. 8995,50). - B 12.27 Vivax Virtus, expersque Sepulcri (Ovid., Ex Ponto. 4,8,47). — B 10.7 Vivere arte non necesse est, sed earn exercere. - B 72.1 Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet (Hor., Epist. 1,10,12); lex homini justo convenit una Dei. — B 8.20 Vox Popub, Vox Dei (cf. Isaiah 66:6). - B 11.13 Dutch Mottos Al doende Leert men. - B 10.32 Alle ongeregtigheijd is gelijk een tweesnijdend zweerd... ende afstaan van ongereg- tigheijd is verzoeninge (Wisdom of Sirach 21,3; 35,5). - B 10.15 Alle Schepzelen zijn Toevallig. - B 9.25 Alles, wat van God is, is volmaakt Goed. Alles, ’t geen door Hem wordt toege- laaten, is Wijsheid en Deugd. - B 15.2 Als tot verstandigen Spreeke ik, oordeelt gij het geene ik zegge (1 Corinthians 10,15).-B 17.10 Bouwet u zelven volmaakt.... — B 6.25 d’ Heer Heeft, Alles gewrogt om zijns zelfs Wille! — zelfs de Godlooze tot den Dag des Quaads (Proverbs 16,4) - B 15.18
203 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS De Dwaas zegd in zijn hart: daar is geen God (Psalm 14,1). - B 11.3 De eygenschappen of vermogens van zaaken,... (Wisdom of Sirach 38:,6). — B 9.11 De mensch wikt en God beschikt. - B 64.1 De theologische toetssteen. - B 87.1 De Vreesen Des Heeren is het beginsel van alle wijshijt. Maar de Gierighijt is de Wortel van allen onkunde. — B 7.25 De wolf zal met het Lam verkeeren, en een gespeend kind zal zich verheugen over het hol van een Baseliske (Isaiah 11,6.8) - B 41.2 Den Ijver overwint de Onvrijmoedigheid. — B 15.6 Den onbekenden God. - B 26.6 Deugd baerd Vreugd. - B 4.9 Die Hem selven (Nam: Jesus Christus, Godts Zoon) voor ons gegeven heeft op dat Hij ons soude verlossen van alle ongerechtigheidt, ende Hem Selven, een eigen volk soude reinigen ijverig in goede werken (Titus 2,14). - B 16.16 Die Wysheid die zig zelve magtig is (Proverbs 9,12). - B 8.50 Dit is een getrouw woord... (Titus 3,8). - B 8.29 Elk het Sijnen. - B 2.4 Geeft onzen God Grootheid. - B 6.46 Geloof toch niet, dat het ... van een hoger standpunt getuigt, als men aan alles twijfelt (O. Funcke). - B 61.1 Geregtigheid en gerigte zyn de vastigheden van Gods throon, goedertierenheid en waarheid gaan voor zijn aangezigte heen. - B 8.43 Getracht; het pad der pligtoefeningen, meer effen te helpen maken. - B 28.3 Gij weet mijn zitten en mijn opstaan; gij verstaat van verre mijn gedagte (Psalm 139,2).-B 17.14 God is groot en wij begrijpen hem niet (Job 36,26). - B 39.1 God kent de oprechten. - B 10.20 God schenkt Genade en Ligt, Aan die volbrengt zijn pligt. - B 12.16 God Zag alles wat hij Geschapen had ende Ziet het was zeer Goed (Genesis 1,31). - B 9.10 Het absolute is de opperste realiteit. - B 72.3 Het Geloof overwint de Werelt (1 John 5,4-5). - B 16.2 Het kunst-bouwwerk voor oogen te hebben en dan nog het bestaan des Bouw meesters te betwijfelen of te ontkennen, hoe kan dit de taal eens wijzen zyn! - B 41.1 Het Kwaade toetelaaten, zoo als God het toelaat, is de hoogste Volmaaktheid. -B 15.16 Hoe groot zijn uwe werken O Heere! gy hebt ze alle met Wijsheid gemaakt. - B 9.23 Ik heb het gevonden (Archimedes). - B 7.19 Ik ken geen beter lot, als kinder vrees voor God. - B 12.8 Ik weet in wien ik geloofd heb, 8c die de geesten weegt, is God. - B 10.13 In drie is ’t volkomen. - B 6.2
204 ARCHIVES Indien gijlieden in mijn Woord blijvet, zo zijt gij waarlijk mijne discipelen: en zult de Waarheid verstaan, en de Waarheid z£d u vrijmaaken (John 8,32). - B 16.14 J: C: b.v.i.w.t.m. - B 6.27 Ken U Zelf (Plato, Protag. 343A). - B 52.1 Laat Ons Bouwen. — B 10.1 Maar ik bin Een Worm ende geen man (Psalm 22,7). - B 7.1 Met alteveel voorspoet is men selden geleert met alte veel tegenspoet heeft men gebrek an boeken. - B 6.44 O! diepte des rijkdoms, beide der Wijsheyd (Romans 11,33). - B 15.4 Oeffening doet Vorderen. - B 11.16 Onze God is Koning (Psalm 93,1). - B 6.37 Opregt. - B 43.1 Soo Langh de Aarde Staadt het Onkruid niedt Vergaadt. - B 12.19 Te agten, dat men niemand overtreft, baart nedrigheid: Te denken, dat men som mige overtreffen kon, baart moed: Te hopen, dat men alle overtreffen mogt, baart ijver. - B 6.39 ’t Zy hoe men zig wend naa ’t Hemel hoog, het blyft altyd wonderlyk in ons oog. - B 8.44 Uijt Liefde van de Waarheijt. - B 8.31 Uit liefde voor mijn Evenmensch en tot myn zaligmaker. - B 16.10 Verbeijd mij een weijnig, ende ik zal u aanwijzen, dat er noch redenen voor Godt zijn. Ik zal mijn gevoelen van verren ophalen; ende mijnen Schepper gerechtigheijd toewijzen (Job 36,2-3). - B 15.13 Verstant geoefent vlydlyk, zal warden van geleertheyt ryk. — B 8.55 Vraagt Deugdlief naar een’ grond voor ’s menschen juiste pligten: Betrekking wijst hoe ’t pad, nooit Strijdig, zij te richten. - B 12.9 Vreest God, en eert de Gerechtigheid. - B 1.6 Want het oor proeft de woorden gelijk het gehemelte de Spijzen Smaakt: laat ons kiezen wat regt is, en kennen wat goed is (Job 34,3-4). — B 37.1 Want wanneer de Heydenen, die de Wet niet hebben, van natuuren de Dingen doen die der Wet zyn ... (Romans 2,14-15). - B 8.40 Wat is Waarheit (John 18,38). - B 8.24 Wat Schaad het eene proef te neemen. - B 4.7 Wij weeten... dat ’er geen andere God en is dan een (1 Corinthians 8,4). — B 13.11 [Voorspoedig is de man die zich ontfermt en uitleent] (Psalm 112,5a). - B 1.14 Zo lang de Nevelen de Zon bedekken, wordt haare heilbrengenden kragt verzwakt. -B 16.13 Zoo iemant deszelfs wille will doen, die zal van deeze Leere bekennen of zy uit God is, dan of iek van mij Selven Spreeke. — B 8.52
205 2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS French Mottos D’un Dieu qui crea tout, j’adore 1’existence. - B 9.6 Etre, c’est lutter, vivre c’est vaincre. — B 72.2 II vaut mieux tard que jamais. — B 4.14 La Raison pour Guide. - B 13.4 La voix dit, crie; 8c on a répondu, que crierai Je? Toute chair est comme 1’herbe, 8c toute sa grace est comme la fleur d’un champ. (Isaiah 40,6). - B 16.6 Les hommes affligés osent s’enprendre aux Dieux, Tandis que tous leurs maux ne procèdent que d’eux. - B 15.11 Les longs ouvrages me font peur (La Fontaine). - B 17.8 Que de crimes hideux sont le fruit d’un seul crime .... - B 26.7 quicumque n’a pas arrêté irrévocablement ses idéés sur le grand probléme de 1’homme et de 1’Univers, est indépendant et libre. ... (Ancillon). - B 39.2 German Mottos Alles vergangliche ist nur ein Gleichnis. - B 68.1 Die beste Auslegung ist diejenige, welche den Autor aus sich selbst erklart und ihm keinen anderen Sinn unterschiebt als er hat (Kuno Fischer). - B 66.1 Freijlich ist die Vorstellung: ich bin, die das Bewusztseijn ausdrückt, welches alles Denken begleiten kann, das, was unmittelbar die Existenz eines Subjects in sich schlieszt, aber noch keine Erkenntnisz desselber, mit hin auch nicht empirische, d.i. Erfahrung (Kant, Kritïk der reinen Vernunft, s. 202). - B 53.1 Gott wollt wir sollten glüklich Seyn Drum gab er uns Gesetze (Gellert). - B 8.53 English Mottos And reason raise o’er Instinct if you can, In this t’is God directs, in that t’is Man (Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. 3 V. 99). - B 10.4 The way to happiness and the practice of truth incur the one, into the other (Wollaston). - B 10.14 What handsome is, that handsome does (Goldsmith). - B 57.1 Without Motto B 2.8 B 3.18, 3.21 B 4.1 B 5.3 B 6.1,6.9,6.12,6.13,6.15,6.19,6.20, 6.26,6.28,6.34, 6.48,6.57,6.59 B 7.3
ARCHIVES 206 B 8.1,8.4,8.8,8.28, 8.39 B 9.20,9.33 B 13.9,13.13 B 15.3 B 16.3 B 17.1,17.2,17.3,17.4,17.5,17.7,17.17 Motto sources Genesis 1,31. — B 9.10 Genesis 18,25. — B 8.15 Exodus 3,16. — B 7.2 Job 17,12. -B 9.4 Job 19,28. - B 6.18 Job 36,2-3.-B 15.13 Job 34,3-4. -B 37.1 Job 36,26. -B 39.1 Psalm 13,2-3. — B 13.14 Psalm 14,1. — B 11.3 Psalm 22,7. — B 7.1 Psalm 24,5. — B 6.50 Psalm 25,4. -B 8.27 Psalm 92,13.-B 6.22 Psalm 93,1. - B 6.37 Psalm 112,5a. — B 1.14 Psalm 134,3. — B 6.47 Psalm 139,2. -B 17.14 Proverbs 9,12. — B 8.50 Proverbs 10,9. — B 14.5 Proverbs 23,23. — B 7.11 Ecclesiastes 1,7. — B 4.11 Isaiah 11,6.8. — B 41.2 Isaiah 28,19. — B 8.11 Isaiah 40,6. — B 16.6 Isaiah 43,10-13. — B 1.5 Isaiah 45,7. — B 15.8 Isaiah 66:6. — B 11.13 Wisdom of Solomon 8,1. - B 17.12 Wisdom of Sirach 21,3; 35,5. -B 10.15 Wisdom of Sirach 38,6. - B 9.11 Baruch 2,9. — B 8.39 Matthew 6,23. — B 12.11 (bis) Matthew 6,33. — B 14.3 Matthew 7,12. — B 12.10 Matthew 7,17-. — B 5.11 Matthew 7,22-23. - B 16.5 Luke 2,35. — B 17.11 John 8,32. — B 16.14 John 18,38. -B 8.24 Acts 17,27.-B 1.10 Romans 1,16. — B 4.8,42.1, 42.2 Romans 2,14-15. — B 8.40 Romans 8,31. — B 1.1 Romans 11,33. — B 15.4 Romans 14,22. - B 28.5 1 Corinthians 1,21. — B 8.18 1 Corinthians 2,11. - B 36.1 1 Corinthians 3,6. — B 16.12 1 Corinthians 10,15. — B 17.10 Galatians 2,20. - B 16.8 Colossians. 2,8. — B 47.2 1 Timothy 1,17. — B 3.10,3.17,8.47 Titus 2,14. — B 16.16 Titus 3,8. - B 8.29 James 2,19. — B 11.7 2 Peter 1,5-7.-B 12.4 1 John 1,5. — B 15.23 1 John 5,4-5. — B 16.2 2 John 9. - B 1.3 Revelations 1,11; 22,13. - B 5.7 Agathon ap. Athen., Dipnosoph. 5,185b.-B 1.16 Archimedes. - B 7.19
2.4 INDEX OF MOTTOS 207 Aristoteles. — B 3.3 Aristoteles Metaph. 3.8. - B 3.16 Aristoteles, Ethica 1,4,1096a, 16. -B 11.14,16.15 Aug., De Civ. Dei 5,9,4. - B 17.15a Boeth., Cons. 3,6,2 . - B 9.8,9.19 Cic.?-B 11.5 Cic., Ad Fam. 9,14,4. - B 10.27 Cic., De Divin. 2,60. - B 8.25 Cic., De Finib. 5,43. - B 10.29 Cic., De Harusp. Resp. 19. - B 9.31 Cic., De Legib. 1,51.-B10.16 Cic., De Legib. 2,16. - B 26.5 Cic., De legib. 3,8. - B 6.29, 8.57 Cic., De Nat. Deor. 1,26. - B 1.12 Cic., De Nat. Deor. 1,49 - B 8.2 Cic., DeNat. Deor. 2,5.- B 11.9,11.18, 11.21,11.23 Cic., De Nat.Deor. 2,58. - B 12.2 Cic., De Offic. 1,6. - B 7.22 Cic., De Offic. 1,41. - B 10.3 Cic., De Offic. 3,13. - B 12.21 Cic., De Orat. 3,195. - B 10.9 Cic., De Orat. 3,124. - B 13.6 Cic., Lucull 127. - B 7.16 Cic., Tuscul. 1,30.-B 11.17 Cic., Tuscul.1,66. - B 3.2,3.4 Cic., Tuscul. 2,26. - B 10.26 Cic., Tuscul. 2,65. - B 10.23 Cic., Tuscul 3,2. - B 10.30 Claudian., De quarto Hon. cons. 299. - B 16.9 Democrat., Sent. 23. - B 10.18 Digesta 12,2,28. - B 26.3 Epicur., Fragm. 551 Usener. - B 2.12 Hieronym., Epist. 66.9. - B 4.6 Hom., Od. 1,32. - B 15.24 Hor., Ars 25. - B 7.9 Hor., Ars 138. - B 10.6 Hor., Ars 191. - B 11.20 Hor., Ars 304. - B 10.17 Hor., Carm. 1,12,17. - B 13.1 Hor., Carm. 1,2. — B 5.6 Hor., Carm. 1,3,25-26.-B 12.3 Hor., Carm. 1,3,37. - B 3.6 Hor., Carm. 3,2,22. - B 7.24 Hor., Carm. 3,3,7. - B 14.4 Hor., Carm. 3,4,47. - B 13.7 Hor., Carm. 3,5,1. - B 11.4 Hor., Carm. 3,5,1. - B 9.17 Hor., Epist. 1,1,14. - B 7.20 Hor., Epist. 1,1,41. - B 3.19 Hor., Epist. 1,10,12. - B 8.20 Hor., Epist. 1,17,35 - B 11.8 Hor., Epist. 1,17,35. - B 3.5. Hor., Epist. 1,17,35. - B 8.49 Hor., Epist. 1,2,69-70. - B 16.4 Hor., Epist. 1,6,3-6. - B 9.30 Hor., Sat. 1,1. - B 12.26 Hor., Sat. 1,1,19.-B 15.19 Hor., Sat. 2,3,50. - B 8.33 Juv., Sat. 14,321. - B 12.7,12.18,12.24 Leo Magnus, Serm. 2. De Ascens. Dom. -B 11.15 Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,11. - B 4.10 Lucan., Bell. Civ. 9,579. - B 7.4,11.6, 11.12 Lucr.?. - B 5.9 Lucr., De Nat. Rer. 4,467-468. - B 8.26 Manil., Astron. 1,523. - B 1.19,9.14 Manil., Astron. 4,895. - B 8.3 Mantuanus, Bapt., Parth. 1,178. - B 2.10 Maximus Tyrius. - B 15.5 Orphic. Carm. B 13.8 Ovid., Ars 3,549. -B 3.8 Ovid., Ars 3.397. - B 8.35 Ovid., Ars 640. - B 7.10 Ovid., Ex Ponto 2,9,47-48. - B 16.11 Ovid., Ex Ponto 3,4,79. - B 1.8 Ovid., Ex Ponto 4,8,47. - B 10.7 Ovid., Fasti 4,311. - B 12.25 Ovid., Fasti 4,721. - B 9.26 Ovid., Heroid. 16,374. - B 13.12
208 ARCHIVES Ovid., Metam. 1,85-86. — B 5.1 Ovid., Metam. 2,63 — B 6.23 Ovid., Metam. 2,140. - B 10.8 Ovid., Metam. 6,472-473. — B 10.28 Ovid., Metam. 8,619. — B 8.32 Phaedr. 3,7,12. - B 6.31 Plato, Protag. 343A. - B 7.7, 52.1 Plin., Nat. Hist, praef. 15. - B 3.22 Plin., Nat. Hist. 35,84. — B 1.17 Plutarch. - B 7.17 Prop., Eleg. 2,10,6. — B 6.36,8.9,8.22 Prud., Hamartig. 7 . - B 15.7 Pythag. Aur. Carm. — B 6.30 Quintil., Inst. Orat. 11.2.36. - B 10.21, 28.2 Regula St. Bened. 58,13. — B 16.1 Sen.?-B 11.19 Sen. phil., Dial 1,1,1. — B 15.17 Sen. phil., Dial 2.7.15.7. — B 6.11,6.49, 8.30 Sen. phil., Epist. 71.36. — B 28.4 Sen. phil., Epist. 81,19. - B 12.17 Sen. phil., Epist. 89,50. - B 12.27 Sen. phil., Epist. 95,50. - B 6.16 Sen. phil., Epist. 117,6. — B 11.10 Sen. phil., Nat. Quaest. 1.1.3. — B 9.28 Sil. ItaL, Punica 4,792. - B 11.22 Socrates. — B 12.15 Sophocles. - B 8.51 Tac. Annul 6,8. - B 8.21 Ter., Andria, prol. - B 6.21 Ter., Andria 61. — B 3.15 Tertull., Apolog. 7 .. — B 17.15 bis Theophr. — B 13.3 Verg., Aen. 2,65. - B 2.11 Verg., Aen. 2,521. — B 7.14 Verg., Aen. 3,88-89. - B 6.43 Verg., Aen. 4,287. — B 7.15 Verg., Aen. 5,710. B 2.3 Verg., Aen. 6,126. — B 16.7 Verg., Aen. 6,744. — B 2.1 Verg., Aen. 6,792. - B 4.13 Verg., Aen. 7,588-589. - B 28.1 Verg., Eclog. 3,60. - B 1.11,2.5,11.11 Verg., Ecogl. 3,94. - B 10.24 Verg., Eclog. 8,63. — B 5.4 Verg., Georg. 2,490. — B 1.18,3.23,6.58, B 8.5,12.1,12.12,15.1 Ancillon. — B 39.2 Bacon. — B 12.11,12.11 bis Bacon, De augm. scient. Lib. 1. - B 17.9,3.25 Boerhaave. - B 6.42 Erasmus, Adagia 1012. — B 5.12 Fischer, Kuno. — B 66.1 Gellert. - B 8.53 Goldsmith — B 57.1 Kant, Kritik der reinen Vemunft, s. 202. - B 53.1 La Fontaine. - B 17.8 De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius. - B 3.7 bis, 6.45,9.15,12.22 De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius 1. - B 7.12 De Polignac, Anti-Lucretius 3,131 -134. - B 7.23 Pope, Essay on Man, Ep. 3 V. 99. - B 10.4 Spinoza. - B 9.5 Wollaston. - B 10.14
Appendices
Page from the extract of Stolp’s testament: ‘In den Naemen Gods Amen...’ - (A 1.1)
211 3.1 Extract from the Testament of Jan Stolp Sections of Stolp’s original testament not relevant to his legacy to Leiden University have not been included in this authentic extract, which dates from 16 December 1753. They are marked with the phrase ‘etc.’. Additions to the extract are marked by square brackets. The Dutch text on the versos is a diplomatic tran scription of the handwritten document held in the Stolp archives (inv. A 1.1). In the English translation (on the rectos) additions to the Dutch text are marked by square brackets.
212 APPENDICES Extract Huyden den 22 e . October 1753. Compareerden voor my Hendrik Isacq Kreet, Openbaar Notaris, by den Hove van Holland geadmitteert, binnen de Stad Leyden residerende, en ter Praesentie van Isaac Elias Luzac en Jan Populeus als Getuijgen, de Heer M r Jan van Roijen, Davids Zoon, Raad Pensionaris deezer Stad, Secretaris van de Heeren Curateuren van ’s Lands Universiteijt alhier, etc etc, de Heer Pieter Binkhorst Secretaris van’s Lands Vloot, en oud Burgemeester te Hoorn, etc etc de Heer M r . Francois van der Vorm, oud Scheepen te Hoorn, etc etc en de Heer Frans van Mierens, Const-Schilder binnen deese Stad, wee- zende de tweede en derde der Comparanten Bloedverwanten, en beneevens de laaste Comparant te samen Executeurs der Testamente van Wijle de Heer Jan Stolp, en zynde alle de Comparanten binnen deeze Stad, en my Notaris bekend, welke Heer Eerste Comparant (als gesuccedeert zijnde in het Eer-Ampt van zyn WelEd ts Vader de Heer David van Roijen, bevoorens meede geweest zynde Secretaris van Welopgemelte Heeren Curateuren van ’s Lands Universiteit binnen deese Stad) in praesentie van my Notaris en Getuijgen aan de drie ver dere Heeren Comparanten heeft overgegeven seeker Papier, geslooten met twee Cachetten in Roode Lakke op welke afgedrukt was het Zeegel van Welgemelte Heer David van Roijen, ende welk Papier gesuperscribeert was met de Hand van zijn Heer Comparants voornoemde Vaader, seggende hij Heer Comparant dat aan hem zo uyt deselve Superscriptie, als uijt de Resolutie van de Heeren Curatoren van ’s Lands Universiteijt alhier van dato den 8 November 1743 was gebleken dat het zelve Papier was inhoudende de besloote Testamente van Wijle gemelte Heer Jan Stolp, welke op den 13 e deezer binnen deeze Stad was overlee- den, en welk Papier tot dus ver was berustende geweest in de groote kast van de Vergaderkamer van de Heeren Curateuren van opgemelte Universiteijt, om by overlyden van gemelte Heer Jan Stolp, daar uijt geproduceert, ende volgens den teneur ter uijtvoer gebragt te kunnen werden, hebbende de gesamentlijke Heeren Comparanten daar op aan my Notaris versogt het zelve te openen, en de Superscriptie en inhouden van dien voor te leesen, waarna ik Notaris en Getuijgen het voors. Papier en Cachetten hebben geexamineert, en alles gaaf en ongecancelleert bevonden, en gesien daar op tot Superscriptie gestelt te weezen ’t geene volgt. NB. Dit Couvert moet niet geopendt werden. Maar zoo het by myn Leeven niet werdt ter uijtvoer gelegdt, moet dit gesloote Couvert geslooten overgegeven werden in Handen van den Heer Jan Stolp.
213 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT Extract On this day, 22 October 1753, the following persons, in the presence of the wit nesses Isaac Elias Luzac and Jan Populeus, appeared before me, Hendrik Isacq Kreet, Notary Public, admitted by the Court of Holland and residing within the Town of Leyden: Mr Jan van Royen, son of David, Pensionary of this Town, Secretary to the Lords Curators of the State University of this Town, etc., and Mr Pieter Binkhorst, Secretary to the Fleet, and former Mayor of Hoorn, etc., and Mr Francois van der Vorm, former Alderman of Hoorn, etc., and Mr Frans van Mieris, artist within this Town. The second and third persons named are blood- relations and, together with the last mentioned person, Executors of the Testament of the late Mr Jan Stolp. All of the persons appearing before me are residents of this Town, and are known to me, Notary Public. In the presence of me, Notary Public, and the witnesses, the first mentioned person (as successor to the honorary position of his aforementioned father Mr David van Royen, hav ing previously been Secretary to the Lords Curators of the State University of this Town), handed over to the three other persons appearing before me a certain paper, secured with two red seals, into which were pressed the signet of said Mr David van Royen, and upon which paper was written in the hand of the person’s aforementioned father. This person appearing before me avowed that from this writing and from the statement of the Lords Curators of the State University of this Town on 8 November 1743, it was clear to him that the paper contained the sealed testament of the late aforementioned Mr Jan Stolp, who had passed away on the thirteenth of this month within this Town. Furthermore, that this paper until now had remained in the large cabinet in the Conference Room of the Lord Curators of the aforementioned University, in order to be produced upon the decease of said Mr Jan Stolp and subsequently to be carried out in its vein. Upon which the persons appearing before me requested me, Notary Public, to open the paper and read out the writings upon it and its contents. Thereupon, I, Notary Public, and the witnesses examined the aforementioned paper and found every thing intact and not annulled, and saw written upon it the following: Nota Bene This cover must not be opened. However, if this is not carried out within my lifetime, the sealed cover must be handed over unopened to Mr Jan Stolp.
214 APPENDICES Ziet het Regist v. de H. H. Curat" en Burg" Sub dato 8 Nov. 1743 en in de Extensien van die Vergadering, de extensie staande in ’t gemelde Register f" 27. Na Lectuure van het welke hebbe ik Notaris op Verzoek van de Heeren Comparanten in deezen de voorgemelte Twee Cachetten losgemaakt en het voors. Papier geopent, en daar in gevonden nog zeeker ander Papier, weezende in Blanco en onbeschreeve, dog op drie distincte plaatsen met Roode Lakke toege- kleeft zonder afdruksel van eenig Cachet, welk Papier, by my Notaris meede zijn de geopent, daarin bevonden hebbe een ander Papier, weezende met een graau- we draad doornaijt, en op Agt distincte plaatsen, behoorlijk met het Cachet van my Notaris toegesegelt, in alles gaaf en ongecancelleert, ende op het zelve Papier zijnde een ’s Lands Zeegel van Twaalf stuyvers beschreeven bevonden als volgt Huijden den 19 e . October 1743 des Nademiddags de Clokke Half Vijf Uuren, Compareerden voor my Hendrik Isacq Kreet, open baar Notaris, by den Hove van Hollant geadmitteert, binnen de Stad Leijden residerende, en voor de Nabeschreeve Getuijgen, De Heer Jan Stolp, woonende op de Groene Haaze Gragt, binnen deeze Stad, my Notaris bekend, de welke Verklaarde in dit Papier door my Notaris met een graauwe draad doornaijt, en op de selve draat met het Cachet van my Notaris op Agt distincte plaatsen met roode Lakke verseegeld, door hem Heer Comparant op een Zeegel van twaalf Guldens, met ygenhand geschreeven en op huijden geteekent, te weezen zyn Testament, Uijtterste en laaste Wille, begeerende hy Heer Comparant, dat dezelve na zyn overly- den in praesentie van de Heer M r . David van Roijen, Secretaris deezer Stad, en de aangestelde Executeurs van zijne Testamente de Heer Pieter Binkhorst, Secretaris van ’s Lands Vloot, de Heer M r . Francois van der Vorm, en de Heer M r . Matthias de Ruusscher, ten overstaan van Notaris en Getuijgen sal werden geopent, en verder dat sal werden nagekomen en agtervolgt als Testament, Codicil, Gifte uijt Zaake des Doods, ofte zoo het zelve andersints op de beste wijze zal kunnen bestaan. Aldus gepasseert binnen Leyden ter praesentie van Isaac Elias Luzac en Hendrik Jacobus Danckers als Getuijgen, (was getee kent) Jan Stolp, J.E. Luzac, H.J. Danckers, (onder stont) quod Tester H.J. Kreet Nots. Pub. 1743. Na lectuure van het welk hebbe ik Notaris op versoek van weltgemelte Heeren Comparanten de voorschreeve draad losgemaakt, en het geseijde Papier geopent, en daar in bevonden nog seeker ander Papier gesegelt met s Lands Zeegel van Twaalf Guldens, waar op geschreeve stond als volgt.
215 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT Refer to Register of the Lords Curators and Mayors for 8 November 1743 and in the minutes of that Meeting, the minutes being in said Register on folio 27. After reading this out, I, Notary Public, at the request of the persons appearing before me, removed the two seals mentioned and opened the mentioned paper, and found in it another paper, blank and without any writing, but sealed with red sealing wax in three separate places, without impression of any signet. Upon opening this paper I, Notary Public, found in it another paper, sewn with a grey thread and properly sealed in eight separate places with my, Notary’s, signet, completely intact and not annulled. On that same paper, a twelve-penny state seal, I found written as follows: On this day 19 October 1743 at half past four in the afternoon, appeared before me, Hendrik Isacq Kreet, Notary Public, admit ted by the Court of Holland, residing within the Town of Leyden, and before witnesses described hereafter, Mr Jan Stolp, living on Groenhazengracht within this town, known to me, Notary Public. The person appearing before me declared that this paper, which I, Notary Public, had sewn with a grey thread, which thread I sealed in eight separate places in red sealing wax with my signet, contained his last will and testament, which he had writ ten on twelve-guilder seal paper in his own hand and signed today. The person appearing before me willed that after his decease this paper be opened in the presence of Mr David van Royen, Secretary to this Town, and the appointed executors of his testament Mr Pieter Binkhorst, Secretary to the Fleet, Mr Francois van der Vorm and Mr Matthias de Ruuscher, before the Notary Public and witnesses. Further, that this paper be observed and carried out as a testament, codicil, donation due to decease, or in any form it may best serve. Thus executed in Leyden in the presence of Isaac Elias Luzac and Hendrik Jacobus Danckers as witnesses, (signed) Jan Stolp, J. E. Luzac, H. J. Danckers, (below which is written) To which I testify, H.J. Kreet, Notary Public, 1743. After reading this out, I, Notary Public, at the request of the mentioned persons appearing before me, loosened the described thread and opened said paper and found in it another paper, sealed with a twelve-guilder state seal, upon which was written as follows.
216 APPENDICES In den Naemen Gods, Amen! Ik ondergeschreeve Jan Stolp, Litmaat van de Universiteijt in deese Stad Leyden, overdenkende mynen geavanceerde Ouderdom en de naakende Uure des Doods, schoon voor tegenwoordig nog in goede gesondheijt zijnde, heb met welbedachten raeden, en over leg beslooten uit vrye Wille te disponeren over mijne natelaten goederen, herroepende, en te niet doende alvoorens alle voor gaande Testamenten, Codicillen, en generalijk alle andere Actens van Uijterste Willen, als ik voor dato deeses in eenigerhande manieren gemaakt zoude moogen hebben; ende by deezen op nieuws disponerende, so verklaare ik tot mijne eenige, en Universeele Erfgenamen aantestellen de Heer Pieter Binkhorst, Secretaris van ’s Lands Vloot, en de Heer M r . fran^ois van der Vorm, beijde mijne Neeven, ieder voor de gerechte helfte, doch by het vooroverlyden etc. Zoo nochtans dat dezelve gehouden zullen zijn binnen Ses Maanden na myn overlijden (voor zo ver dat doenlijk is, en in ’t vervolg van my niet anders bepaald werd) of eerder, als het kan geschieden, vry en zonder eenig aftrek van fal- cidie of ander Portien, als meede zonder aftrek of kortinge van eenige Collaterale of andere Penningen, ten vollen in Contante of de waerde daar van uijttekeeren en te betalen de nagemelde en besprooken Legaaten. Eerstelyk Legateere ik &c. Eindelyk geeve en Legatere ik uit mijne natelate goederen aan de Universiteit van hunne Ed. Gr. Mogende binnen deese Stad Leyden een Somme van Tien Duizend (10000) Guldens, ten einde omme de Revenues daer van aanteleggen en te besteeden op de volgende wyze. Voor eerst, dat alle twee Jaaren daar uit zal gegeven werden een Praemie van Twee Honderd en Vyftig Guldens in waarde aan die geene, welke eerstelijk, de beste, en wel bereedeneerste Verhandeling zal maaken, en daar in, uit de gesteltheit van het heel-al in ’t algemeen, of uit eenig deel van het zelve voor zo ver dat bekent is, met klaere, en overtuigende bewijsen afleiden het dadelijk bestaan van een eenig, eeuwig, oneindig, onstoffelijk, alwys, en almoogend Weezen, dat alles uit niet heeft voortgebragt, dadelijk bestiert, en welkers goetheijt en weldadigheidjt over zyne Schepselen aan alle kanten doorstraalt, dat dit de grondslag is van de Natuurlijke Godsdienst, en den weg baant tot den Christelijke.
217 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT In the name of God, Amen. I, the signatory Jan Stolp, member of the University in this Town of Leyden, considering my advanced age and the approaching hour of death, though being in good health, have decided, after much advice and deliberation and of my own free will to arrange my estate anew, thus revoking and declaring void all previous tes taments, codicils, and all other deeds of last will that I might have made in any way before this date. I declare to appoint as my sole and universal heirs, Mr Pieter Binkhorst, Secretary to the Fleet, and Mr Francois van der Vorm, both my nephews, each to the legal half, but in the event of their prior demise etc. I declare such, however, with the proviso that within six months of my decease or sooner if possible, they shall be held - inasmuch as this is feas ible and provided I do not decide otherwise in future — to dis tribute and pay out, freely and without deduction of a portion or any other cuts, or without deduction or cut of any collateral or any other taxes, in full in cash or equivalent in value the follow ing legacies described below. Firsdy, I bequeath etc. Finally, I bequeath from my estate to the University of their Eminences within this Town of Leyden the sum of ten thousand (10,000) guilders, the accrual of which is to be used in the fol lowing manner. First, that every two years a prize to the value of two hundred and fifty guilders shall be granted from this legacy to that person who first prepares the best and best-reasoned treatise, in which he deduces from the general constitution of the universe or of any part thereof as far as it is known, with clear and convincing evi dence, the existence of a unique, eternal, infinite, immaterial, omniscient and omnipotent Being, who has created everything from nothing, and indeed governs all, and whose goodness and beneficence to his creatures radiates everywhere, so that it forms the foundation of Natural Religion and paves the way to the Christian Religion.
APPENDICES 218 Tot het tweede onderwerp voor de volgende reise (en dus ook ver der beurtelings) heb ik gekosen de voortreffelijkheijt van de Christelijke Zedeleer, gelijkze voornamentlijk in de boeken van het Nieuwe Testament is begrepen, booven alle andere door eeni- ge Menschen opgestelt. Hier kan aangetoont werden, dat zij wel overeenstemt met de Wetten, en plichten die uit de enkele Natuurlyke Reede zonder behulp van eenige Goddelijke openbaa- ringe, konnen afgeleit worden: doch aen deselve een grooter licht bijzet, die versterkt, en met kragtiger beweegmiddelen aandringt, dat zy geschikt is om aen den Mensch een grooter volmaaktheijt te geven, en zijne Wille tot het beste aantespooren: elk in ’t bysonder, en alle gesamentlijke in de burgelijke t’Samenwooninge hier op Aarde gelukkig te doen leeven, en aan deselve een zeekere en geruste verwachting van een volgende volmaakter Staat in te boe- semen. Daar uit kan men vervolgens haare Goddelijke oorspronk op een vaste wyze betoogen, en de noodsakelijke verpligtinge om deselve te betrachten: Schoon over deese Stellingen seedert eeni- gen tyt, zoo in ons Vaderlant als elders voortreffelijke Schriften zijn in ’t licht gebracht, konnense echter nog overvloedige Stofte, in ’t vervolg geeven, tot meenigvuldige Dissertatien, indien dezel ve niet alleen in ’t algemeen worden aangemerkt, maar ook in haare bijsondere deelen om de gemelde waarheeden daer uit te bevestigen, en in een klaerder licht te stellen, om aan alle goede Verstanden, en voornamentlijk aen die geenen welke geschikt zijn om deese Importante waarheeden aen anderen te onderwijzen, aanleiding te geven, deselve wat nader te behartigen, als bij veelen wel geschiet, en omse in welgeschikte reedeneeringen te plaetsen. Zo worden de zeer vermaerde Heeren Professoren van de Theo logische Faculteijt, te gelijk met die geenen welke de Philosophische, en Mathematische Weetenschappen doceren, in der tyd aan deeze Academie zynde, met alle eerbied en nadruk versocht, indien dit mijn dessein mogt werden goedgekeurt, zich de moeijte te willen geeven van dat te helpen executeren, op de volgende wijze. Eerstelyk Met op een zeekere tijd het particulier Subject te bepaelen tot deese Verhandelingen, dat aan ’t Publicq bekent te maaken, door middel van een boekzaal, of ook in andere Journaalen, welke in verscheide taaien worden uitgegeven: de hoe grootheid der Verhandelingen te bepalen, op dat ze niet te wytloopig vallen, en het examen daar van te veel moeite en tyd verijssche: den dag vast- testellen, waer op ze zullen moeten zijn ingelevert, als ook dien op welke haer WelEdele het oordeel daer over zullen uiten: welke bekentmaakinge anderhalf Jaar voor de uitspraak zal moeten geschieden.
219 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT As the second and alternate subject, I have chosen the excellence of Christian Morality, as it is primarily understood in the books of the New Testament, above all other moral systems drawn up by men. Here it is to be proven that this morality agrees well with the laws and obligations that can be deduced from natural reason alone without the assistance of any divine revelation, but that it adds great light to these laws, strengthens them and infuses them with more powerful motives, that it is suitable to give Man a greater perfection and to stimulate his will to the best; to enable each man in particular and all men together to live happily in human society here on Earth and to convey to them a certain and untroubled prospect of a future more perfect state. From this, consequently, its divine origin can be safely argued, as well as the necessary obligation to follow it. Although for some time now, excellent essays on these theses have been published both here and abroad, they still may provide ample subject matter in future for many dissertations, if these theses are not merely commented upon in general, but also if each is examined in its separate parts, in order to confirm and clarify the truths stated in them, so as to induce all intelligent minds and primarily those that are able to teach these important truths to others, to promote them further, as many are already doing, and to formulate them in well-con structed arguments. Thus, the most renowned professors of the Faculty of Theology, as well as those who teach the Philosophical and Mathematical Sciences, tenured at this Academy at the time, are most respectfully and expressly entreated, should my design be approved, to foster its execution in the following manner. Firstly By determining the particular subject of the treatises at a given time, announcing it to the public in the Boekzaal or also in other journals that are published in several languages, determining the size of the treatises to ensure they will not be too lengthy and their examination would be too laborious and time-consuming, appointing the day by which the treatises will have to have been handed in, as well as the day the esteemed professors will deliver their verdict. The abovementioned announcement will have to be made a year and a half before the verdict.
APPENDICES 220 2. Dewyl die waarheeden van alle Christenen (zoo ik niet misse) worden erkent, kan ook een ieder van deselve zonder onderscheit van Natie of particuliere gesintheid worden toegelaten, om naer den Prijs te dingen, mits niets daar onder mengende ’t geene de byzondere gevoelens van sijne gesintheit betreft, en van andere betwist word. De Heeren Professooren, die daar over het oordeel zullen strijken, worden alleen uijtgesondert. 3. Het zal een ieder vrij staan, zig van de Latijnsche of Nederduitsche Tael te bedienen, naer hem dat goeddunkt. 4. Niemant zal zijn Naem bij zijne Verhandelingen moogen stellen, noch zich voor den Autheur laeten kennen voor de gedane uit spraak: of zoude anders onder de Mededingers naer den prijs niet worden toegelaten: doch alleen een Spreuk of devis. Men kan by de Verhandeling een Particulier versegelt Billet voe gen, waer in die Spreuk, de Naem, qualiteijt, en het addres van den Schrijver worden gemelt: doch dit Billet moet niet geopent worden, als dan, wanneer de Prijs aan denzelven wort toegewee- zen, en alle de overige moeten ongeopent verbrand worden. 5. Die geene, wien het lust naar den Prijs te dingen, moeten voor den bepaelden tijd hunne geschriften franco doen ter hant koo- men aen dien van de gemelde Heeren Professoren, welke voor die reize daartoe sal genoemt zyn, welke daer van aan den bestelder, zo het gevraegt word, een Recepisse kan geeven, waer op de Spreuk van het overgeleverde werkje getekent is. 6. De Prijs zal aan den Autheur zelve, wien de voornoemde Heeren Professoren volgens hun Weijsheit en billikheit, die zullen hebben toegewesen, indien hy zich bekent maakt, of anders aan den toon der van de Recepisse worden overhandigt. 7. Deese Prijs zal bestaan in een Goude Medaille ter waarde van Twee Honderd en Vyftig Guldens, waar toe ik de verbeeldingen, en omschriften heb laaten aftekenen, die hier agter gevoegt zijn, en versoeke, dat men de nodige Stempels daartoe door den bequaamsten Meester mach laten graveren. 8. Dit gelegateerde Capitaal zal gevonden worden uit een Losrentebrief, groot duisend Guldens, onder mijne Boedel berustende, staande op ’t Comptoir Generaal van Hollant fol.
221 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT 2. Because these truths (if I am not mistaken) are recognized by all Christians, any one of these, irrespective of their country or reli gious confession, may be allowed to compete for the prize, pro vided they do not include opinions particular to their confession and contested by others. Only the professors who will pronounce the verdict are excluded. 3. Everyone is at liberty to use the Latin or Dutch language as he sees fit. 4. No one may put his name to the treatises nor allow himself to be acknowledged as its author before the verdict has been pro nounced, on penalty of exclusion from competing for the prize: but only a maxim or a motto [may be put to the treatises]. A separate sealed note may be added to the treatise, stating the maxim, the name, and address of the author; but this note must only be opened if the prize is awarded to the same, and all other notes must be burned unopened. 5. Those who want to compete for the prize must have their writ ings delivered postage paid before the appointed time to one of the aforementioned professors, who will have been named for that particular contest, and who upon request will give the deliv erer a receipt containing the motto of the treatise that has been handed over. 6. The prize will be handed over personally to the author to whom said professors in their wisdom and fairness will have awarded it, or else to the bearer of the receipt. 7. This prize will consist of a gold medal to the value of two hun dred and fifty guilders, for which purpose I have had images and legends drawn, that have been added after this, and I request that the necessary dies be engraved by the most skilled master crafts man. 8. The capital for this bequest will be provided by a debenture to the value of one thousand guilders from my estate, registered at the Comptoir Generaal of Holland on folio 6521 verso
222 APPENDICES 6521 v". op den naam van D°. Tobias Tegneus uitgegeven den 3 Mey 1656. waar van de Renten verschijnen op den 3. Mey en de 3 Novemb. Verder uit een klijne Prijs obligatie uit de tweede Loterij van 6 Millioenen van A°. 1713 de 18 e . Classis op ’t Comptoir Generaal van Hollant fol. 3126. N. 288. groot Twee Honderd Guldens, de Renten verschynende op den l e . April; eindelyk zal het overige van het genoemde Capitaal tot de volle Somme van Tien Duijzend Guldens toe gevonden worden uit het geen etc. aan mijn verschuldigt zijn, volgens uijtwijzinge der Obligatien in mynen boedel te vinden: doch men zal aan haar WelEd. Vier Jaren tyts na myn dood geven om dat optebrengen, ’t zy in ’t geheel in eene Somme of Jaerlyks by Partijen, al naar het zelve best gelegen komt, mits ondertussen daar van de bedongen Renten betaalende ten behoeven van de Academie: Hier over word de zorge gedeman- deert aan de Executeurs van dit mijn Testament hier na te noe men: die naer maate dat zy de bewuste Penningen zullen hebben ontfangen, die aan de bovengenoemde Heeren Professoren zullen moeten overleveren. Doch indien onverhoopt en tegen alle waarschijnlijkheijt de gesei- de etc. buiten Staat mochten geraaken om dat gemelde Capitaal op te brengen of het zelven niet konden presteeren als ten deelen, wort dit Legaat aan de Academie tot zo ver al aan het zelve niet voldaan zoude konnen worden, gehouden voor vernietigt. 9. De Heeren Professoren worden dan verder gebeden de moeite op zich te willen nemen van die ontfangen Penningen te willen aan leggen tot den inkoop van Obligatien of Rentebrieven ten Lasten van de Provincie van Hollant, naer dat zulx het zeekerst en voor- deeligst sal geacht worden indien Obligatien, deese te willen laa- ten brandmerken, en zoo ze t’ eeniger tijd mochte afgelost wor den, met de eerste geleegenheid weederom anderen diergelijke of Rentebrieven, in derzelver plaetse aan te koopen; verder de Revenues daer van Jaarlijks te ontfangen en te besteeden tot de voorgestelde eindens. 10. ’T is niet in myn vermoogen een belooninge toe te leggen waer- dig aan de Caracter en de moeijte van die Heeren: echter twyffe- le ik niet of haar WelEd 0 . zullen zich geerne die willen onderwin den, uit een zucht voor alle ’t geene goede, en nutte Studiën, en dat voorgestelde oogmerk kan bevorderen: niettemin wil ik, dat ieder van deselve, hooft voor hooft elke reise dat de gemelde Prijs na het Examen der Verhandelingen zal zijn toegeweezen uit de verdere Inkomsten van het Legaat als een geringe honorarium zal trekken een Somme van Tien Guldens.
223 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT under the name of Rev. Tobias Tegneus emitted 3 May 1656, the interest of which is released on 3 May and 3 November. Furthermore, in a small prize-bond from the second Lottery of 6 Million of the year 1713, in the 18 th classis at the Comptoir Generaal of Flolland on folio 3126 number 288, to the value of two hundred guilders, the interest of which is released on 1 April. Finally, the remainder of said capital, to the full sum of ten thou sand guilders, will be drawn from whatever is owing to me accord ing to revenues from bonds to be found in my estate: however, the gentlemen are to be allowed four years’ time after my decease in order to raise [the capital] either in a lump sum or in annual por tions, as is most convenient, provided that in the meantime the stipulated interests are paid for the benefit of the Academy. This task will be charged to the executors of my testament, to be named hereafter, who are to hand over what they will have received of the specified funds to the aforementioned professors. However, in the unfortunate and unlikely event that said etc. should be unable to raise the capital mentioned, or should only be able to raise part of it, this legacy to the Academy will be deemed nullified insomuch as its conditions could not be fulfilled. 9. Furthermore, the professors are asked to use the funds received to purchase bonds or debentures to the account of the Province of Holland, in the way deemed surest and most profitable; in the case of bonds, to have them stamped, and should they be redeemed at any time, to purchase other bonds or debentures in their stead at the earliest opportunity; further, to receive their rev enues annually and to use them for the proposed goals. 10. It is not in my power to provide a reward worthy of the character and efforts of the gentlemen. However, I do not doubt that the gentlemen will gladly take these tasks upon themselves, eager as they are to promote anything that may stimulate good and useful studies and the proposed purpose. Nevertheless, each time that said prize is awarded after examination of the treatises, I want each and every one of them severally to receive from the subse quent revenues of the legacy the sum of ten guilders as a small remuneration.
224 APPENDICES 11. Noch worden de genoemde Heeren gebeden alle twee Jaren 8 of 14. dagen na de uitdeelinge der Praemie Rekening te willen doen van den ontfang en uitgave der Penningen, in ’t bijweezen van den Heer Rector Magnificus, geassisteert met een van de Heeren Professoren uit de facultas Juris, een uit de Facultas Medica, en een van de Heeren Litteratores voor welke moeijte aan den Rector Magnificus zal gegeven werden een somme van tien Guldens, en aan ieder van de andere H ren een van Vyf Guldens. 12. Het overschot der Revenues verzoeke ik dat besteet mag werden tot den inkoop van goede Autheuren, die tot verdediging van de Christelyke Godsdienst in ’t algemeen, over de Zeedekunde, de Historia Naturalis, en over de Natuurkunde hebben gehandeld, en die in de Publicque Bibliotheecq van deeze Universiteijt noch niet gevonden werden, omze daar in over te brengen. 13. Dewijl het voor af noodig is, dat een Stempel voor de Medaille worde gegraveert en een of meer Medailles by voorraat worde gemaakt, moet daartoe eerst een genoegsaame Somme uit de Renten van ’t Legaat zijn ingekoomen voor dat de uitdeelinge der Prys het geven van die Honoraria, en de Inkoop der Boeken plaats kan hebben. 14. Het geen hier boven niet bepaelt mocht weezen en echter tot de behoorlijke executie van myn oogmerk vereischt wierd, word aan de wijze directie van de gem de . H ren Professoren overgelaten. 15. Indien ’er onder haar WelEd: eenig verschil van Sentimenten in de behandeling van deeze Zaake mochte ontstaan zal de arbitra- gie daar over komen aan de Senatus Academicus: die meede ken- nisse zal gelieven te neemen of alles geschiet conform de voor gaande bepalingen. 16. By aldien dit mijn ontwerp buiten mijne gedagten van geen nut of dienst, of wel inpracticabel mocht worden gevonden door de Senatus Academicus, en daarom verworpen, of ook in ’t vervolg van tyt genegligeert mochte worden, so wil ik, dat die gelegateer de Somme in ’t geheel zal komen aan de Gereformeerde Kerke te Graft in Noordhollant, myne geboorte plaats, welke ik in zulke geval, ten allen tyden zonder praescriptie te admitteren, aan deese
225 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT 11. Every two years, said gentlemen are also requested to give account of the receipt and payment of the funds, a week or a fortnight after the presentation of the prize, in the presence of the Rector Magnificus, assisted by one of the professors of the Law Faculty, one of the Medical Faculty and one of the gentlemen from the Faculty of Letters, for which effort the Rector Magnificus will be given the sum of ten guilders and each of the other gentlemen five guilders. 12. I request that the remainder of the revenues be spent on the pur chase of good authors who, in defence of the Christian religion in general, have treated morality, natural history and physics, and whose work is not as yet found in the Public Library of this University, to which library this purchase is to be transferred. 13. As it is first necessary to have a die for the medal engraved and to have one or more medals made in stock, a sufficient sum must first have been generated by the interests of the legacy, before the presentation of the prize, the payment of remunerations and the purchase of books may take place. 14. Anything not stipulated above, yet deemed essential to the prop er execution of my goal, is left to the discretion of said professors. 15. Should any difference of opinion arise among the gentlemen as to how these matters should be dealt with, the dispute will be pre sented for arbitration to the Senatus Academicus, which will see to it that everything is carried out according to the aforemen tioned stipulations. 16. If my design should be deemed of no use or service outside my own mind or be judged infeasible by the Senatus Academicus, and rejected for that reason, or if it should become neglected in the course of time, I will that the entire bequeathed sum go to the Reformed Church at Graft in North Holland, my place of birth,
APPENDICES 226 Academie substitueren, met Regt om sig dit Legaat in dat geval te vindiceren, ten welke eynde ik ook wil, dat een Notanale en com- plede Copie van dit Legaat en desselfs bepaalingen aan de Regeerders van die Kerk zal werden toegezonden. Insgelyks versta ik, dat na lectuure van dit myn Testament aanstonds een Notariale en Complete Copie van dit Legaat, en de daar by gevoegde Conditiën zal werden bezorgt aan de Senatus Academicus, en noch een etc. behalve dit bovenstaande Legatere ik nog verder de volgende klynigheeden aan de hier na genoemde Persoonen. Aan de Heer etc. Aan de Bibliotheecq van deese Universiteijt Le Grand Plan de Paris en 20 Planches (in een franse band) avec une autre Planche (in eene Parysche Band) dans laquelle ce Plan est reduit en petit, gravé en 1739 in folio ob longo. Eindelijk etc. Wyders verklaere ik tot Executeurs van dit myn Testament aan te stellen en te commiteren, na alvorens derselver mondelinge bewilli ging daar toe te hebben ontfangen, myn geinstitueerde Erfgenamen, de Heer Pieter Binkhorst en M r . Francois van der Vorm, beneevens den Heer Mattheus de Ruusscher Regtsgeleerde, teegenwoordig zich doorgaans ophoudende in ’s Gravenhage, deselve zodamge Last, Magt en Authoriteijt geevende, als alle Executeurs naer Rechten, Rede ende billikheijt toekomt, kan, en mach gegeven werden, ook speciaal om mijne begraaffenisse en wat daar toe behoord te besor- gen: Met Sedusie van alle Heeren Magistraten, en alle andere, die Ampts- of Maagschapshalven eenige Macht of gezach over mynen boedel en Nalatenschap zoude konnen competeren of sustineeren te Competeeren, Legatere &c. Laastelyk reservere en behoude ik aan my de Macht om deese mijne dispositie te moogen veranderen, vermeerderen of vermin deren, Legaaten, Praelegaaten en anderen Maakingen af en toe te doen, zo ik dat zal goetvinden, het zy by een byzonder Acte onder mijne Particuliere handtekeninge of mondelinge in praesentie van twee geloofwaardige Getuijgen, willende ende begerende, dat die Acte of mondelinge Verklaringe van zodanige kragt en waarde zal worden gehouden, als of dezelve in deesen geinsereert of voor Notaris en Getuijgen gepasseert was.
227 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT which I will then substitute for the Academy, and which will then have the right to claim this legacy at all time without prescription, for which purpose I also will that a complete and authenticated copy of this legacy and its stipulations be sent to the governors of said Church. Likewise, after reading out my Testament, I expect a complete and authenticated copy of this legacy and the added conditions to be delivered to the Senatus Academicus, and another etc. Apart from the above, I bequeath the following small items to the persons mentioned hereafter. To Mr etc. To the Library of this University Le Grand Plan de Paris en 20. Planches (in a French binding) avec une autre planche (in a Parisian binding) dans laquelle ce plan est reduit en petit, grave en 1739. in folio oblongo [the great map of Paris in twenty plates, with another plate, in which the map is scaled down, engraved in 1739]. Finally, etc. Further, I hereby appoint and commission as Executors of this my Testament, having first obtained their oral consent, my appointed heirs Mr Pieter Binkhorst and Mr Francois van der Vorm, as well as Mr Matthias de Ruuscher, lawyer, at present residing mainly in The Flague, granting them such mandate, power and authority as is due to all executors by law in reason ableness and fairness and can and may be given, including specif ically to arrange my funeral and anything pertaining thereto: excluding all magistrates and all others, who for reasons of office or kinship might hold or claim to hold any power or authority over my estate and inheritance, I bequeath etc. Finally, I reserve and maintain the power to alter, increase or diminish this arrangement, to add or remove specific legacies, donations and other bequests, as I see fit, either by means of a deed signed with my personal autograph, or orally in the pres ence of two credible witnesses, wishing these deeds or oral state ments to carry the same authority and value as had they been inserted in this document or had they been executed before a Notary Public and witnesses.
228 APPENDICES Alles’t geene hier booven staat verklaare ik te zyn myn Testament en uijterste Wille, begerende dat hetzelve na mijn overlyden daar voor nagekomen en agtervolgt zal worden ’t zij als Testament, Codicil, Gifte uyt zaake des Doods, of zo het zelve andersints op de beste wijze zal kunnen bestaan, zonder eenig Cavillatien, of Exceptien en zonder dat eenige Chicanes van Rechten eenige alte- ratien of Elusien daar in zullen konnen of moogen maaken: al was het dat hier iets was gedaan of geschreeven ’t geen van de ordinai re Practijcque en Solemniteyten van Rechten bevonden wierd enigsints af te wijken: ’t welk, zoo ’t geschiet is, uit bloote onkun de of abuis is voortgekomen. In oirkonde der waarheijt heb ik dit in goede gesondheid zijnde, en na rijpe beraet met mijn eigen- hant, en Name ondertekent in Leyden op den 19 octob. 1743. was getekent Jan Stolp (verder was op de recto zyde van het laaste blad der Testamente met een draad gehecht twee Vierkante Papieren Ruijten op welke getekent of afgeschetst waren de voor en agter- zijde van de in het Testament gemelde Medaille, onder welke laaste stond, in ’t onderste deel moet geplaatst worden, Praemium Academiae Lugd. Batavae, hebbende het eene tot omschrift, Auctorem manifestat opus, en omschrift van het andere was, monstrat Iter, tutumque facit.] Na Lectuure van welke voorschreeve Papier den Heer Eerste Comparant, aan de Heeren verdere Comparanten nog heeft overgegeven seeker ander Papier, gesloo- ten met twee Cachetten in Roode Lakken bedrukt met het Zeegel van gemelte Heer David van Roijen, ’t geene door de gesamentlijke Heeren Comparanten aan mij Notaris is geexhibeert, met Versoek het zelve te openen, en voortelesen: En hebbe ik Notaris dien volgende voorgelesen het geene tot Superscriptie op het zelve hebbe gevonden, luijdende als volgt. NB. Dit Couvert moet niet geopent werden, maar zo het bij mijn Leeven niet werd ter uijtvoer gebragt, moet dit Couvert geslooten overgegeven werden, in handen van dê Heer Jan Stolp. Om Redenen als in de Resol. van C. en Burg. Sub dato 8 Nov. 1743. fol. 27. te zien is als zijnde dit een gevolg van ’t neevensleggende. Wijders hebbe de twee gemelte Cachetten (gaaff en ongecancelleert bevonden zynde) losgemaakt, het zelve Papier geopent, daar in bevonden zeeker ander blanco en onbeschreeve half vel Papier; en daar in bevonden seeker ander vel Papier, geslooten met twee Cachetten in Roode Lakke, bedrukt met een kopstuk, en op welke Papier geschreeve stondt
229 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT I declare everything stated above to be my final will and testa ment, and I want this to be observed and carried out as testa ment, codicil and donation due to decease, or in any form it may best serve, without cavil or exceptions, and that no pettifoggery of law be allowed to make any alterations or omissions, even if any thing done or written here were found to deviate somewhat from the common practices and solemnity of law: which deviation, if it has occurred, has originated out of mere lack of knowledge or by mistake. As a deed of authentication, I, being of sound health and after much deliberation, signed this with my own hand and name in Leyden on 19 October 1743, signed Jan Stolp (to the recto side of the last page of the testament two square paper dia monds were sewn with thread, containing drawings or sketchings for the front and back of the medal mentioned in the testament, below the last of which was stated that in the bottom part [of the medal] the words Praemium Academiae Lugd. Batavae [Prize of the Leiden Academy] should be inscribed, the one bearing the legend Auctorem manifestat opus [The work proclaims its author], and the other Monstrat iter, tutumque facit [She (Fides) shows the way, and makes it safe]. After I had read out the paper described above, the first mentioned person appearing before me also handed over to the other persons another paper, sealed with two red wax seals imprinted with the signet of the aforementioned Mr David van Royen, which was produced by the persons appearing before me, Notary Public, with the request that I open it and read it out: and thus, I, Notary Public, opened it and read out what I found written upon it, which was as follows: Nota Bene This cover must not be opened, but if this is not carried out with in my lifetime, the cover must be handed over unopened to Mr Jan Stolp. For reasons stated in the Resolutions of Curators and Mayors for 8 November 1743 on folio 27, this document being a supplement to the one kept next to it. Further, I opened the two seals mentioned (intact and not annulled), and unfold ed the paper, and found in it another half a sheet of paper, white and not written upon. In it I found another sheet of paper sealed with two red lacquer seals imprinted with the image of a bust, on which paper was written:
APPENDICES Bijvoegsel tot het Testament van Jan Stolp Op den 23. Jan. 1752. Welk Papier (de Cachetten meede sijnde bevonden gaaf en ongecancelleert) na Lectuure van ’t voorschreevene, bij mij Notaris zijnde geopent, hebbe daar in gevonden een ander open vel Papier, op ’t welk geschreeven stond als volgt. Ik Jan Stolp in een besloote Testament, gedagtekent op den 19 e Octob. 1743 en in bewaringe gegeven aan den Heer David van Roijen, Pensionaris deeser Stad, & Secretaris van de Heeren Curatoren en Burgemeesteren van dese Universiteijt, gelegateert hebbende de Somme van Tien Duijzend Guldens aan gemelde Universiteijt, tot zeekere eindens daar in aangeweezen, het bewind daarover opgedragen hebbende aan de Heeren Professores Theologiae, en Philosophiae, en daar in gestelt de wijse onder genumeroteerde Articulen begrepen, waar op ik wenschte, dat zulks mocht geschieden, heb naderhant goedge vonden, in een eigenhandig Codicil, getekent op den 6 Jan. 1752. ’t geen in mijnen boedel zal gevonden worden, ’t gemelde Legaat nog te vermeerderen, met een Somme van Een Duijzend Guldens: en verder ten opsigte van de Administratie daer noch by te voegen dit navolgende. Voor eerst, worden de Heeren Philosophen versocht (privatelijk zonder de Heeren Theologanten) bij die van hunne Professie noch een te willen Assumeeren, een Professor uit eene van de To sec andere faculteijten, of een van de Heeren Litteratores, naer hun goetdunken, welke ook sijn leeven lang deel aan deese Administratie sal hebben. Ad Art. 7. Het verkiesen van een bequaam Meester tot het graveren der Stempels moet privativelijk worden overgelaten aan de Heeren tb sect Philosophen, en den geassumeerde Professor uit eene van de andere faculteijten: die versocht worden daar over het advies inte- neemen van den Heer franpois van Mieris, een van mijne aange stelde Executeurs van dit Testament, als dese Zaake kundig zijnde. Ad Art. 12. De Verkiesinge van den Inkoop der boeken voor de Bibliotheecq zal beurtelings gelaten werden aan de Heeren Theologanten, en vervolgens aan die van de Philosophise faculteijt, neevens den geassumeerde Heer Professor.
231 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT Supplement to the Testament of Jan Stolp. Dated 23 January 1752. After reading out the above, and having opened the paper (the seals found to be intact and not annulled), I, Notary Public, found in it another open sheet of paper, on which was written as follows:
232 É APPENDICES Ad Ait. 13. Dewyl ik het Legaat met Een Duijzend Guldens vermeerdert heb, om ten eersten daar uit de noodige kosten te vinden, kan men aanstonds een begin maaken om mijne Dispositie in ’t werk te stellen. Ad Alt. 15. In dit Artikel worden de verschillen, die ’er mochten ontstaan, wel gerenvoijeert aan de Senatus Academicus: doch indien er enkel een egaliteijt van Stemmen mocht wezen, aan wien de Prijs gegeven zoude moeten worden: kan zulks door het Lot gedeci- deert worden. Dit boovenstaande versoeke ik, dat ook moet geobserveert wor den, gelijk de anderen bepalingen uijtgedrukt in mijn gemelde Testament, voor zoo ver deeze laatste met de bovenstaande niet strijdig zijn, was get. Jan Stolp. Geschreeven in Leyden den 23. Jan. 1752. Na Lectuure van ’t welke de drie laastgenoemde Heeren Comparanten aan mij Not. hebben overhandigt seker ander open Papier, geschreeven op s Llands Zeegel van drie Guldens, waar op geschreeve stond als volgt Codicille, behorende tot het Testament van Jan Stolp gemaakt op den 19 Octob. 1743 Ik ondergeschreeve Jan Stolp Litmaat van de Universiteijt in deese Stad Leyden, in een besloote Testament gedagteekent op den 19 Octobt 1743. en onder bewaringe gegeven van de Heer en Meester David van Roijen, Secretaris van de Heeren Curatoren, en thans Pensionaris der gemelde Stad, gedisponeert hebbende over de Goederen, welke ik na mijn Dood zoud nalaten, en in het Slot van het zelve aan mij gereserveert hebbende de Magt om deese mijne Dispositie te mogen veranderen, vermeerderen of vermin deren, Legaten, Praelegaten, en nadere Makingen af en toe te doen, zoo als ik dat zoud mogen komen goed te vinden, het zij bij een bijzondere Acte onder mijne Particuliere Handteekeninge, of mondeling in praesentie van twee geloofwaardige Getuijgen heb goedgevonden, my op heeden van die gereserveerde Macht te bedienen, in deeze tegenwoordige Acte gesterkt met myne onder tekening omtrent de hier navolgende Poincten: en wil dat dezelve van zodanige kragt en waarde zal gehouden worden, als of ze in het gemelde Testament was geinsereert en gepasseert voor Notaris en Getuijgen.
3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT After I had read this out, the three last mentioned persons appearing before me, handed to me, Notary Public, another opened paper, written on the States’ three- guilder seal, on which was written as follows: 233 É
234 APPENDICES Ten opsigte van het Capitaal etc. Het Legaat van Tien Duijzend Guldens gemaakt aan de Universiteijt in deeze Stad, vermeerdere ik noch verder by desen met een somme van Een Duijzend Guldens, om hier uit ten eer sten de nodige onkosten te konnen vinden, tot het laaten grave ren der Stempels, als anders, gementioneert in mijn voornoemde Uijtterste Wille, sub N. 7. & 13. en om dus te eerder tot het uitge ven der voorgestelde Prijsen te konnen komen. In mijn gemelte Testament wort de Administratie van dit Legaat opgedragen aan de Heeren Professoren van de Theologische faculteijt te gelijk met die geenen, welke de Philosophische en Mathematische Weetenschappen doceren, in der tijt aan deese Academie zynde; heb nu goedgevonden hier bijtevoegen dat de Heeren Philosophen versocht worden (privativelijk zonder de Heeren Theologanten) by die van hune Professie noch te willen Assumeeren Twee Professoren uit de andere faculteijten, of een van de Heeren Literatores, naar hun goeddunken, dewelke ook hun Leeven lang deel aan deese Administratie zullen hebben. Ad N. 7 Het verkiesen van een bequaam Meester tot het Graveren der Stempels moet privativelijk worden overgelaten aan de Heeren Philosophen en de bygevoegde Heeren uit eene andere faculteijt, die versocht worden daar over het Advies in te neemen van den Heer ffan^ois van Mierens, een van mijne aangestelde Executeurs van dit Testament als deese Saake kundig zijnde. Ad N. 8 Dit Legaat nu (van Elf Duizend Guldens) heb ik in mijn Testament sub N°. 8. gestelt, dat moest gevonden worden uit een Losrentebrief van duizend Guldens, een kleine Prijs obligatie van 200 Guldens, en het overige uit Een Capitaal van Elf Duijzend Guldens, ’t geene etc a . behaagt het de Goddelijke Goetheit mijn Leeven tot het verloop van dien tijd toe te verlangen, zal ik zelfs dat tragten uit te werken: doch indien ik eerder mocht komen te overlijden, wort zulks gedemandeert aan de Heeren Executeurs van myn Testament, om daar meede of uit andere Effecten van den Boedel het gemelde Legaat praesteeren. Dit mijn Legaat heb ik gefondeert op de zeekerheit van dat ver schuldigde Capitaal: doch indien onverhoopt en tegen alle waar- schijnlijkheijt de geseide etc. in ’t geheel buiten staat mocht geraa- ken om aan die schuit te voldoen, ben ik genoodsaakt het Legaat
235 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT Regarding the capital etc. I hereby increase with a sum of one thousand guilders the legacy of ten thousand guilders to the University of this Town, for the purpose of having the dies engraved as mentioned elsewhere in my aforementioned last will, under the numbers 7 and 13, so that the presentation of the proposed prizes may occur sooner. In said testament, the professors of the Theological Faculty, together with those teaching the Philosophical and Mathematical Sciences in the Academy at that time, are charged with the execu tion of this legacy. I have now decided to request the gentlemen Philosophers (separately, without the gentlemen Theologians) to add as they see fit to those of their own profession, two professors from the other Faculties or one of the gentlemen of Letters, who for the duration of their lives will also take part in its execution. To No. 7 The choice of a capable master craftsman to engrave the dies must be left solely to the gentlemen Philosophers and to the gentlemen added from another Faculty, who are requested to seek the advice of Mr Francois van Mieris, one of the appointed Executors of my will, as he is an expert on the matter. To No. 8 Now, this specific legacy (of eleven thousand guilders) has been entered in my testament under number 8. This legacy must be provided by a debenture of one thousand guilders, a small prize- bond of two hundred guilders and the remainder from a capital of eleven thousand guilders, which etc. Should the grace of God allow me to live my life to that moment in time, I will attempt to raise the sum of the legacy myself. However, should I come to pass away sooner, the executors of my testament are mandated to generate said legacy therewith or from other revenues of the estate. I have based this legacy on the certainty that the required capital exists. However, in the unfortunate and unlikely event that said etc. should become unable to raise the capital mentioned, I will
236 APPENDICES voor vernietigt te houden, dewijle mijne aangestelde Erfgenamen, weegens de geringheit mijns boedels, dat uit de andere Effecten niet gevoeglijk zouden konnen praesteeren. Indien de genoemde Debiteur alleen de helft, of daar boven, van de schuit zoud kon nen opbrengen, moet dat gedeelte aan de Senatus Academicus geoffereert worden: en wanneer het geaccepteert word, konnen de Heeren Professoren, die daar over de directie zullen hebben, door vermindering van de voorgestelde Prijs, verlanging van den tyd om deselve uittedeelen, of door het nalaaten van den aankoop van Boeken voor de Publicque Bibliotheecq de Revenues daar van zodanig menageeren, dat ze nog eenigermaaten zouden konnen voldoen aan mijn voorgestelt oogmerk: Maar zo teegens alle gedagten men zelfs de helft van de Schuit niet zouden konnen magtig worden, moet ik om de gemelde Reden het Legaat voor vernietigt houden, en het weinige, dat daarvan noch mocht koo- men, ten voordeelen mijner Erfgenamen overgelaten. Ad N. 12 In mijne Dispositie over ’t Legaat aan de Academie heb ik sub N°. 12. gewilt, dat voor ’t overschot der Revenues Boeken voor de Publicque Bibliotheecq zullen ingekocht worden, en vinde nu goet Baar by te voegen, dat de verkiesinge van die Boeken beurtelings door de facultas Theologica, en de facultas Philsophica met de geassumeerde Professoren zal geschieden. Ad N. 13 Dewyl ik het Legaat met Een Duijzend Guldens vermeerdert heb om ten Eersten daar uit de nodige kosten te vinden, kan men aan- stonts een begin maken om mijne dispositie in ’t werk te stellen Ad N. 15 In dit Artikel worden de verschillen, die ’er mochten ontstaan, wel gerenvoijeert aan de Senatus Academicus: dog indien ’er enkel ver schil mocht weezen, bij egaliteit van stemmen, aan wien de voor gestelde Prijs gegeven zoud moeten worden, kan zulx door het Lot gedecideert worden. Ad N. 16 Sub N°-16. in deselve Dispositie heb ik gewilt, dat indien dit Legaat door de Senatus Academicus niet mocht aangenomen of in ’t ver volg het bepaalt gebruijk daar van genegligeert worden, het zelve als dan in ’t geheel zoude komen aan de Gereformeerde Kerk te Graft; dog nu wil ik, dat zulks in een van die twee gevallen, maar sal weezen voor de helft van dat Legaat, en dat de andere helft sal komen aan myne geïnstitueerde Erfgenamen. In ’t slot van N°. 16. is gestelt, dat ’er een Notariale Copie van dit Legaat moet gegeven
237 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT be forced to declare this legacy null, because due to the insuffi ciency of my estate my appointed heirs would not be able to gen erate it properly from the other effects. If the debtor is only able to raise half, or more than half, of the capital, that part is to be offered to the Senatus Academicus: and if is accepted, the profes sors who will administrate it may manage the revenues by dimin ishing the proposed prize, extending the interval between awards or refraining from purchasing books for the Public Library, in such a way that it may to a certain extent satisfy my proposed goal. But in the unlikely event that not even half of the debt cap ital can be raised, I must declare the legacy null for said reason, and leave what little may accrue from it for my heirs. In my endowment concerning the legacy to the Academy, under number 12,1 willed that books for the Public Library should be purchased from the remainder of the revenues. I have now decid ed to add that the choice of books should alternately fall to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Philosophy and the added professors. Because I have increased the legacy by one thousand guilders for the primary purpose of covering the necessary initial costs, the execution of my endowment may commence immediately. In this section any disagreements that might arise are relegated to the Senatus Academicus, but if the votes as to who should receive the prize should be equal, this can be decided by lot. Under number 16 in the same endowment, I willed that if the lega cy should not be accepted by the Senatus Academicus, or if the stipulated execution should become neglected through the course of time, then this legacy should go entirely to the Reformed Church at Graff; but now I will that in either case, this shall only be for half of the legacy and that the other half shall go to myappointed heirs. At the end of number 16 was stated that an authenticated copy of
238 APPENDICES werden aan de Senatus Academicus, en een etc. Le Grand Plan de Paris, in myn Testament gelegateert aan de Bibliotheecq van de Universiteijt heb ik reeds aan dezelve gegeeven. Aan den Heer etc. De Heer Mattheus de Ruusscher overleeden zijnde stelle ik in des- selfs plaats als meede Executeur van myn uitterste Wille nevens mijne genoemde Erfgenamen de H r . ffan^ois van Mieris konst- schilder in dese Stad, die dese Last ook mondeling heeft op zich genomen, met deselve Macht en Authoriteijt, als ik aan de H r . de Ruuscher had gegeven, en Legateere daarom ook etc. Al het bovenstaande wil ik, gelyk geseit is, dat van deselve kragt en waarde sal gehouden worden als of het in mijn Testament was begrepen (dit voor ’t overige in zijn volle kracht blijvende) en reservere mij verder de macht om daar nog sulke veranderingen of vermeerderingen by te voegen, voor mijn overlijden, als my zoude goeddunken. In goede gesondheyt en na rype overleggin- ge heb ik deeze met myn handtekening bevestigd (in margine stond) Actum Leijden den 6 Jan. 1752. (was get.) Jan Stolp. Tot de Administratie van het boovengemelde Legaat in mijn Testament aan de Academie, en alles, ’t geene daar uit voortkomt, had ik versocht de Heeren van de Theologische en Philosophische faculteyt, met twee geassumeerde uit de andere faculteijten: doch bij nader bedenk heb ik nu goet gevonden, zonder het minste prae- juditie aan de loffelijke qualiteijten van die Heeren te geeven uit den geheelen Senaat daar toe acht geeligeerde te bidden, te weeten den Rector Magnificus Weiss, den Heer J. Schultens, Prof. Theologie, den Heer Rucker, Prof. Juris, den Heer Gaubius Prof. Medicus, de Heeren Hemsterhuis, Musschenbroek, Lulofs, Alaman, alle uit de Philosophische faculteijt, met Macht, als een komt te deficieren, een ander uijt de gemelde Senaat aanstonds met gelyke magt te nomineren: dit en al het bovenstaande zal hope en vertrouwe ik naar den Letter, zonder Chicane gepraesteert wor den &°. in Leyden den ll e Octob. 1753. is get. Jan Stolp. Welke laastgemelde Papier meede voorgelesen zijnde, hebben de gezamentlijke Heeren Comparanten mij Notaris verzogt alle de voorgemelte Papieren ten Prothocolle van mij Notaris in te voegen en te bewaren om daartoe ten allen tyden secours te kunnen neemen, daaruyt geproduceert en volgens den teneur ter uijtvoer gebragt te kunnen worden voorts van alle t voorenstaande versogt te expedieren en uijttegeeven deese Jeegenwoordige Acte om te dienen daar en zoo het noodig zoude mogen zijn.
239 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT this legacy must be given to the Senatus Academicus, and another etc. I have already given Le Grand Plan de Paris, bequeathed to the University Library in my testament, to same. To Mr etc. Mr Mattheus de Ruusscher having passed away, I appoint as co executor of my last will, apart from my aforementioned heirs, Mr Francois van Mieris, artist in this Town, who has also taken on this task orally, with the same power and authority I had granted Mr De Ruuscher, and I bequeath therefore also etc. I will all of the above to carry the same authority and value as had it been includ ed in that testament (the remainder of which will retain its full authority) and I reserve the power to alter or increase it before my demise, as I will see fit. Being in good health and after much deliberation, I confirmed this with my personal autograph (in the margin) executed at Leyden on 6 January 1752, (signed) Jan Stolp. In my Testament, I had requested the administration of my legacy and all activities connected with it to be carried out by the gentle men of the Theological and Philosophical Faculties, with two added professors from other Faculties. However, after further deliberation, and without prejudice to the laudable qualities of these gentlemen, I have decided to make this request upon eight men elected from the entire body of the Senate, to wit Rector Magnificus Weis, Mr J. Schultens, Professor of Theology, Mr Rucker, Professor of Law, Mr Gaubius, Professor of Medicine, Messrs. Hemsterhuis, Musschenbroek, Lulofs, Allemand, all from the Faculty of Philosophy, and to grant them the authority to nominate directly another member of the Senate bearing the same authority, when one of them should be lacking. This and all the above, I hope and trust will be carried out to the letter and with out cavil etc. at Leyden on 11 October 1753, (signed) Jan Stolp. When the last paper had also been read, the persons appearing before me, Notary Public, asked me to insert and retain all aforementioned papers in my Notary Public’s protocol, in order to have recourse to them at all times, and to enable them to be produced and carried out in their intention. Furthermore, they asked me to expedite and issue this deed summarizing all of the above, to serve if and where needed.
240 APPENDICES Aldus gedaan geopent en voorgelesen ten tijde en in praesentie als boven; en deese in geschrifte gebragt zynde, getekent, voltrokken en gepasseert binnen Leijden, in praesentie als boven, op den 24 e . October 1753. (was getekent) Ian van Roijen, Dav. Z., P. Binkhorst, F. van der Vorm, Frans van Mieris, J. E. Luzac, J. Populeus. Quod Testor H. J. Kreet Nots. Publ. 1753 Accordeert voor Extract met de origineele Minuute onder mij te Leyden reside rende berustende. Huiden 16 December 1753. H. J. Kreet, Nots. Publ. 1753.
241 3.1 EXTRACT FROM THE TESTAMENT Thus done, opened and read out, at the time and in the presence of those men tioned above; and put to writing, signed and executed at Leyden, in the presence of those mentioned above, on 24 October 1753, (signed) Jan van Royen, son of David, R Binkhorst, F. van der Vorm, Frans van Mieris, J.E. Luzac, J. Populeus. To which I testify H.J. Kreet, Notary Public 1753. This extract is in accordance with the original remaining in my possession at Leyden. This day, 16 December 1753, [signed] H. J. Kreet, Notary Public 1753.

243 3.2 List of Prize Questions This list provides a synopsis of all prize questions and prizes issued by the Legatum Stolpianum between 1754 and 2004. Six types of information are offered: number, description and type of prize question; initial wording of prize question; English translation; dating of the question and its deadline; prize winners and sources. 1. In the first line each prize question is numbered successively with its year and an abridged description of its subject matter. Where a prize question can be clearly connected with one of Stolp’s subject categories (either Christiana morum or Theologia naturalis) this is noted between parentheses. After PQ87: 1960 no further prize questions were issued. Instead, the prize was awarded a posteriori to recent studies in theology or moral philosophy on the basis of nominations by professors at Dutch universities. 2. The second line attempts to give the actual wording of the Latin and/or Dutch question as given by the curators. However, there are often small and sometimes considerable differences in the wording of the prize question as recorded in the Register, the Acta or the various public sources; an authoritative version cannot always be provided. Where possible, Latin and Dutch versions of the prize ques tions, and other contemporary translations are also provided. 3. An English translation of the question follows in italics. Until 1865, when prize questions were no longer advertised in Latin, the Latin version of the prize ques tion is treated here as the original, and the English translation is based on it. Beginning with PQ48: 1865 the Dutch version is authoritative. The Dutch ver sion of the originary Latin questions are not always to be construed as exact translations; in some cases they elaborate on or embellish the Latin original. The English version is usually oriented on the Latin, but also takes consideration of the intent of the Dutch versions. 4. The date on which the curators officially posed the question and the deadline for entries is given. The date of the prize question is the year for which an initial deadline for entries was announced. Where questions are renewed or repeated and the deadline extended, this extension is mentioned, but plays no role in determining the date of the prize question. However, when a prize question is discontinued and then subsequently repeated (e.g. PQ58 and PQ66, PQ69 and PQ73), these are treated as separate and distinct prize questions. The number of submissions is also recorded. If the manuscripts are missing, this is also noted.

245 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS nen worden gebragt, en welke is de beste weg om die bewyzen van achteren op te maken, tot staving van deze allergewichtigste waerheid? Bis zu welchem Grad der Gewifiheit können Beweis-Gründe vor das Daseyn Gottes getrieben werden, die von der Welt hergenommen sind? Und wie man diese Beweise a posteriori am bündigsten fiiihren könne? What degree of certitude can arguments attain which attempt to prove God’s existence by the contemplation of our universe? And what is the best means of connecting and uniting these a posteriori arguments to establish firmly this most important truth?- Posed 15 February 1754; 19 submissions. - First prize winner; J.A. Melchior (B 1.18); Accessit winners: N.N. (B 1.15), [S. Formey] (B 1.19). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, 1/1 (1756). - Register, lr-v; Nederl. Jaerboek, February 1754,122; Göttinger Gelehrte Anzeigen 1755,1286. PQ2:1757 - Possibility of ethics without revelation (Christiana morum) Quos progressus per solum rationis Lumen in Ethices doctrina fecerint mortales, qui revelationem divinam prorsus ignorarunt? Hoe verre zijn de Menschen, die van een Godlyke Openbaring niets geweten hebben, door het enkele Licht der Reden in de Zedekunde gekomen? Jusqu’a quel degré la Morale a-t-elle été portée par ceux, qui privés de la Révélation Divine, n’ont eu d’autre guide que des lumières de la raison? What progress can persons who have no knowledge of divine revelation make in ethical doc trines by the sole light of reason?-Posed 15 February 1756; 12 submissions (4 missing). - First prize winner: G.W. van Oosten de Bruin (B 2.3); Accessit winners: N.N. (B 2.9), N.N. (B.2.8), N.N. (B 2.12).-Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, 1/1 (1758). - Register, 2r-v; Nederl. Jaerboek, March 1756, 371; Nouvelle Bibliothèque germanique, April-June 1756,18/2. PQ3:1759 - Cosmological proof of God’s existence (Theologia naturalis) Ex eo, quod aliquid existit, apodictica demonstratione efficere, sequi dari ens necessarium, aeternum, immutabile, & ab hoc Universo distinctum? Dat daer uit, dat ’er nu iet bestaet, het aenwezen volgt van een noodzakelyk, eeuwig en onveranderlyk Wezen, het welk van deze waereld onderscheiden is? Beweis des Satzes, dafi daraus, dafi etwas existirt, folget, dafi es ein nothwendi- ges, ewiges, unveranderliches und von dieser Welt verschiedenes Wesen gebe.
APPENDICES From the fact that something exists, can it be demonstrated that there is a necessary, eternal, immutable being who is distinct from the universe?- Posed 15 Febrary 1756; 26 submis sions. — First prize winner: G.A. Maas (B 3.9); Accessit winners: J. Monnikhof (B 3.7), A. Perrenot (B 3.22), S. Jordan (B 3.25). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturaleml Spectantes, 111 (1760). - Register, 3r-4r; Nederl. Jaerboek, February 1758,174; Göttinger Gelehrte Anzeigen 1758,1296. PQ4:1761 - Contribution of revelation to ethics (Christiana morum) Quanto perfectiorem principiis, incitamentis, & finibus, reddiderit Ethicam Divina revelatio? Hoe veel volmaekter is de Zedekunde geworden, zoo ten opzichte van de gronden, als van de beweegredenen en eindoogmerken, door de Godlyke Openbaringe? How much more perfect have the principles, motives and goals of ethics become by means of divine revelation? - Posed 15 February 1760; 14 submissions. - First prize winner: A. Perrenot (B 4.10); Accessit winners: E. Luzac (B 4.12), [G.A. Maas] (B 4.5). — Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, 111 (1762). - Register, 4v-5r; Nederl. Jaerboek, February 1760,292. PQ5:1763 - Metaphysical attributes of divinity (Theologia naturalis) Quaenam sunt ilia, quae ex Entis necessarii, aeterni, immutabilis, & a Mundo diversi existentia necessario sequuntur, Attributa? Welke zijn de Eigenschappen, welken uit het bestaen van een noodzaeklyk Wesen noodzaeklyk voortvloeijen? What are the attributes that necessarily follow from a being who is necessary, eternal, immutable and exists independently of the world? — Posed 15 February 1762; 12 submis sions. - First prize winner: F. Witteveen (B 5.8); Accessit winners: J.H. de Ruyter (B 5.4), A. Perrenot (B 5.9), J.D. Titius (B 5.7). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, 1/3 (1764). - Register, 6v-7r; Nederl. Jaerboek, October 1763,689. PQ6:1765 - Rational basis of revealed ethics (Christiana morum) Quodnam est fundamentum potestatis Legislatoriae, qua Deus, in Revelatione praesertim exigit, ut homines suas actiones morales ad Ipsius praescriptum com- ponant?
247 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS Welke is de Grondslag der Wetgevende Magt, waer door God, vornamelyk inzon derheid in de Openbaaringe, eischt, dat de Menschen hunne Zedelyke Daden naar zijn voorschrift inrichten? What is the foundation of the legislative power that God has decreed, especially in his reve lation, in order that mankind orient its moral action in accordance with his precepts? - Posed 16 February 1764; 59 submissions (1 missing). - First prize winner: A. Flulshoff (B 6.54); Accessit winners: Th. Bosch (B 6.16), C.H. Braun (B 6.39), N.N. (B 6.40), N.N. (B 6.42), A. Perrenot (B 6.49), H. Luising (B 6.56), N.N. (B. 6.14), N.N. (B 6.35). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, II (1766). — Register, 7v-8v; Nederl. Jaerboek, December 1765,712-713. PQ7:1767 — Ontological proof of God’s existence (Theologia naturalis) An ex Idea Entis Necessarii, quod ante demonstrata possidet attributa, illius exis- tentia a priori possit probari? Kan uit het denkbeeld van een noodzaeklyk Wezen, welk de voorheen bewezen eigenschappen bezit, deszelfs daedlyk bestaen van voren (a priori) worden betoogd? Given the idea of a necessary being who has been shown to possess certain attributes, can his existence be proven apriori?- Posed 15 February 1766); 25 submissions (4 missing). - First prize winner: J.L. Goedenius (B 7.16); Accessit winners: L. Reeder (B 7.18) A. Dryfhoud (B 7.7), A. Hulshoff (B 7.23). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, II/l (1768). — Register, 9r-10r; Nederl. Jaerboek, February 1766,103. PQ8:1769 - Arbitrariness of divine laws (Christiana morum) Utrum Deus ex mero arbitrio potestatem suam Legislatoriam exerceat, an vero ita, ut ratio humana Legum Divinarum etiam perfectionem perspiciat? Of God enkel wilkeurig zyne wetgevende Magt oeffene, dan wel op eene wyze, dat de menschelijke Reden zelve de volmaaktheid der Godlyke wetten bezeffen kunne? Verfahret Gott im Gesetzgeben willkührlich, oder auf eine solche Art, dafi auch die menschliche Vemunft die Vollkommenheit der göttlichen Gesetze erkennen kann? Has God exercised his legislative power purely by means of his will, and if so, is human rea son capable of recognizing the perfection of the divine law? - Posed 18 February 1768; 57 submissions. - First prize winner: J.G. Toellner (B 8.57); Accessit winners: H.A. Pistorius (B 8.5), L. Meyer (B 8.16), A. Hulshoff (B 8.46). — Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, III/l (1770). - Register, lOv- 12v; Nederl. Jaerboek, April 1768,326; Göttinger Gelehrte Anzeigen 1768,336; 1769,1200.
248 APPENDICES PQ9:1772 - Proof of God’s existence from contingency of the world (Theologia naturalis) Ex attributis, quae rebus quibuslibet hoc universum constituentibus communia sunt, demonstrare, eas non esse necessarias, sed ab Ente Necessario creatas. Uit de Eigenschappen, welke de zaken, die dit Geheel-Al uitmaken, onderling gemeen hebben, te betogen, dat dezelve niet noodzaeklijk, maer door een noodzaeklyk Wezen geschapen zyn. Prove from the attributes common to all things that constitute the universe that they are not necessary but are created by a necessary being- Posed 15 February 1770, repeated October 1771; 34 submissions. - First prize winner: L. Meijer (B 9.22); Accessit winner: A. Hulshoff (B 9.29). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, 1112 (1773). - Register, 13r-14r; Nederl Jaerboek, February 1770,142. PQ10:1773 - Moral sense (Christiana morum) Sitne Homini innatus aliquis sensus, quo dirigatur ad dignoscendum, & impel- latur ad faciendum, bonum Morale? Of in den Mensch een ingeschapen zin, of zedelyk gevoel plaats hebbe, waer door hij bestuerd wordt tot onderscheiding, en aangespoord ter verrigting van ’t zede lyk goed? Is there not some inborn sense in humans, by which one is directed and compelled to act morally good? - Posed 15 February 1772; 32 submissions. - First prize winner: J.F. Hennert (B 10.26); Accessit winners:, J.J. Hottinger (10.16), N.N. (B 10.6), A. Ledeboer (B 10.9), N.N. (B 10.19), J.C. Fontaine (B 10.24), [Ch. Ehlers] (B 10.25), G. Colonius (B 10.28), J. Pap de Fagaras (B 10.29), J.Ph. Periconia Panorma (B 10.31). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, III/2 (1774). - Register, 14v-15r, Nederl. Jaerboek, October 1773,1198. PQ11:1775 - Common assent in proofs of God’s existence (Theologia naturalis) Quodnam in adserenda Numinis existentia pretium statui debeat communi humani generis consensui? Welk gewigt hebbe men in het betoog van Gods aenwezen te stellen op de alge- meene zaamenstemming van het Menschdom? How significant is the common assent of humanity in the proof of Gods existence? — Posed 23 February 1774; 23 submissions; First prize winner: J.C. Fontaine (B 11.4); Accessit
249 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS winners: J.J. Hottinger (B 11.23), Th. Spaan (B 11.21), J. Engelsma Mebius (B 11.9),N.N. (B 11.1). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, II/3 (1776). - Register, 15v-16r; Nederl. Jaerboek, March 1774,299. PQ12:1777 - A general principle of ethics (Christiana morum) An detur principium generale, ex quo singula hominis officia ita duci possint, ut ea numquam collidantur? Is’ er een algemeen grondbeginzel, uit het welk alle byzondere Pligten van den Mensch zoo konnen werden afgeleid, dat ze tegen elkander nooyt stryden? Is there a general principle by means of which all of man’s duties can be deduced in such a manner that they do not contradict one another? - Posed 15 February 1776; 27 submis sions. - No prize awarded. - Register, 16v-17r; Nederl. Jaerboek, March 1776,144. PQ13:1779 - Proof of God’s uniqueness (Theologia naturalis) Num solius rationis vi, et quibus argumentis demonstrari potest, non esse plures uno Deos? Fueruntne unquam populi, aut sapientes, qui ejus veritatis cogni- tionem, sine revelationis divinae, ad ipsos propagatae, subsidio, habuerunt? Is het, door het enkele licht der Rede betooglyk, dat ’er niet meer dan één God kan zyn? Welk is dat Betoog? en zyn ’er ooit Volken, of Wysgeeren geweest, welke tot de kennis van die Waerheid zyn gekomen, zonder behulp of spoor eener Godlyke Openbaering? Can one solely by the power of reason and with arguments demonstrate that there is no more than one God? What is that proof, and have there been nations or philosophers who have attained to this truth without the help of divine revelation? — Posed 28 February 1778; 14 submissions. - First prize winner: D. Wyttenbach (B 13.7); Accessit winners: S.H. Manger (B 13.2), P. Verstap Jr (B 13.6), N.N. (B 13.10), J. de KruyfF (B 13.12). — Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, III/l (1780). - Register, 17v-18r; Nederl. Jaerboek, February 1778,130. PQ14:1781 - Christian ethics and public behaviour (Christiana morum) Demonstretur, nullum in Ethica Christiana esse praeceptum, quo & singuli cives in commodis suis sequendis, & Principes in republica secundum Politices regu- las administranda impediantur.

251 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS Waarom heeft de Christelyke Godsdienst, die in zig zelven zo zeer geschikt is, om de Harten tot Deugd te vormen, echter die uitwerking slegts in weinigen van deszelfs Belijders? En welke zyn de zo openbaare als byzondere Middelen, waar door dit Kwaad, zonder geweld te gebruiken, kan verbeterd worden? Why does the Christian faith, which is so well able to imbue virtue in the soul, produce a minority ofpersons who criticize it? And, without using force, what public or private means might be introduced in order to remedy this ill? - Posed 17 February 1784; 17 submissions. - First prize winner: J.C. Schwab (B 16.4); Accessit winners: D. Hovens (B 16.9), M. Pap Szatmari (B 16.12), N.N. (B 16.17). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, IV/2 (1786). - Register, 21v-22r; Nederl. Jaerboek, July 1784,1274. PQ17:1787 - Divine prescience and human freedom (Theologia naturalis) Demonstretur ex natura Dei, Praescientiam Divinam falli non posse, nec repugnare libertati actionum humanarum. Te betoogen uit de natuur van God, dat de Godlyke Voorweetenschap onfeilbaar, en niet strydig is tegen de Vryheid der menschelijke Daaden. Aus der Natur Gottes (ist) zu beweisen, dass die göttliche Prascienz unfehlbar und der Freyheit der menschlichen Handlungen nicht zuwider sey. 2 Demonstrate from the nature of God that divine prescience is infallible and does not contra dict the freedom of human action - Posed 15 February 1786; 16 submissions. - No prize awarded. - Register, 22v-23r; Nederl. Jaerboek, March 1786,202; J.C. Schwab, Ewrterung der von den Küratoren des Stolpischen Legats fur das Jahr 1787 vorgelegten Preisaufgabe: Aus der Natur Gottes zu beweisen, dass die göttliche Prascienz unfehlbar und der Freyheit der menschlichen Handlungen nicht zuwider sey (Ulm 1788). PQ18:1789 - Immortality of the soul and moral duty (Christiana morum) An sunt officia, ad quae hominem natura obligatum esse, demonstrari nequit, nisi posita animorum immortalitate? Zijn’ er zedelyke daden, tot dewelken’s Menschen natuerlyke verplichting niet kan betoogd worden, dan op den grond van de onsterfelykheid der Ziele? What duties, to which persons are obliged by nature, cannot be demonstrated unless one 2 Another German version of the PQ17 is also preserved: ‘Aus dem Nahme Gottes zu beweisen, dafi die Göttliche Prascienz unfehlbar sey, und keines weges gegen die Freyheit der menschlichen Handlungen streitet’. See B 17.3.
252 APPENDICES assumes the immortality of the soul? — Posed 15 February 1788; 12 submissions (missing). - First prize winner: L.H. Jacob; Accessit winners D.F. Flauff, A.B. Fardon, L.G. Bekenn. - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, V/l (1790). - Register, 23v-24r; Nederl. Jaerboek, March 1788,484-485.
253 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ21:1795 - Superstition (Theologia naturalis) Investigare naturam et causas superstitionis: inquirere, qui fiat, ut ilia in per- movendis hominum animis saepe plus valeat quam Religion, ac qua via et ratione fieri possit ut in societate civili haud nascatur vel adolescat superstitio, atque in veterata, salva religione, depellatur. De natuur en oorzaaken van het Bygeloof te onderzoeken, en aan te wyzen waar by het toekome, dat het zelve dikwyls meer vermag om der menschen harten te beweegen dan de Godsdienst zelve; voorts welke de beste middelen zyn om in de Burgerlyke Maatschappy het bygeloof in deszelfs geboorte of opgroeien te ver hinderen, het reeds ingewortelde, behoudens den Godsdienst, uit te rooyen. The nature and causes of superstition are to be investigated: it is asked how it is sometimes able to move the hearts of men more than religion itself, and what are the best means for pre venting superstition from arising or growing in civil society, especially among the aged. - Posed 15 February 1794; 2 submissions (missing). - First prize winner: S. Gratama; Accessit winner: N.N. - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, V/2 (1796). - Register, 26r-27v; Nederl. Jaerboek, January 1796,223-224. PQ22:1797 - Ethical principles and the diversity of cultures (Christiana morum) Quae sunt praecipua capita, ac quae causae Physicae et Morales diversae indolis, qua aliae ab aliis Nationes discrepant? An? et quatenus in praeceptis morum tradendis Ethicae Doctores ejus differentiae rationem habere conveniat? Welke zijn de voornaamste Hoofdtrekken, en welke de Natuurlijke en Zedelijke oorzaaken der onderscheidene Geaartheid, of van het verschillend Karakter, ’t welk het eene Volk van het andere onderscheidt? -- Is het gepast dat de Leeraars der Zedekunde, in het geeven van voorschriften voor de publicque Zeden, op dat verschil acht slaan? Zo ja, in hoe verre? What are the chief laws by which nations are to be distinguished from one another and the physical and moral causes of their diversity? Is it acceptable, or to what extent is it acceptable, when the teachers of ethics take account of such differences in setting out moral principles? — Posed 15 February 1796; 3 submissions (missing). - First prize winner: A. Matthia; Accessit winners: W. de Vos, L.G. Bekenn. - Winning essays published in Dissertationes Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, V/3 (1801).- Register, 27v-28r.
254 APPENDICES Welk is het vermogen der geschiedenis, wanneer derzelve op de rechte wijze beschreeven of geleerd wordt, ter bevordering der zedekunde, voornaamelijk zoo als die door geheele volken onderling betragt kan worden? Welke zijn de regels, volgens welke de geschiedenis beschreeven of geleerd moet worden, om ten witte van het menschdom te verstrekken? Welke zijne de nadeelen, welke maar al te dikwijls, uit een verkeerde wijze van dezelve te beschrijven of te leeren, ter ver- darve der maatschappij voortvloeijen? — Men verlangt, dat deeze nadeelen met voorbeelden gestaafd worden. It is asked: how is history, when it is properly taught and written, able to promote ethics among nations and peoples? What laws govern the teaching and writing of history, in order that humanity attains to its goal? What are the harms wich all too often flow from a false manner of teaching and writing history towards the corruption of society? We ask that these harms be demonstrated by examples. — Posed 5 December 1800, repeated 3 January 1805, 1 submission (missing). - No prize awarded. - Register, 29v-30r; Acta, 150.
255 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ25:1806 - The history and successes of natural theology (Theologia naturalis) Ad quern perfectionis gradum Theologia Naturalis seculo superiori perducta fuerit, et qui ffuctus inde ad genus humanum pervenerint? Tot welken trap van volkomenheid is de Natuurlijke Godgeleerdheid gedurende de vorige eeuw gebragt geworden; en welke vruchten heeft het Menschdom daar van ondervonden? What degree of perfection did natural theology attain in the previous century, and how has humanity benefited from it?- Posed 3 fanuary 1805 3 ; no submission. - Register, 30v. PQ26:1810 - Swearing oaths (Christiana morum) Cum Societatis civilis plurimum intersit, ut de vera notione, usu atque efficacia jurisjurandi constet; nonnulli vero recentiores Philosophi illud, non tantum ut coercendae perfidiae parum aptum, sed etiam ut superstitiosum, in Deum con- tumeliosum, libertati humanae contrarium, vitaeque sociali infestum, reprehen- dant; quaeritur, quid de eo recta ratio praecipiat? Daar het van het uiterste belang is voor de Burger-Maatschappij, zeker te zijn nopens den waaren aart, het gebruik en het vermogen van den Eed; zommige nieuwere Wijsgeeren echter denzelven beschouwen, niet slechts als ongeschikt ter stuiting van trouwloosheid, maar ook als bijgelovig, God onteerend, met ’s menschen vrijheid strijdende en allerschadelijkst voor de zamenleving; wordt gevraagd: wat dien aan gaande de gezonde rede leere? Since it is of great importance for civil society to know the true manner, use and efficacy of swearing oaths, whereas some recent philosophers have argued that it is not only ineffectual in combatting perfidy, but also inclines to superstition, dishonours God, is contrary to human freedom and damaging to civil society, it is asked what reason teaches us concerning it? — Posed 30 November 1807; 8 submissions (1 missing). - First prize winner: J.C.F. Meister (B 26.4); Accessit winner: J.C. Schwab (B 26.5). — Winning essay published in Dissertations ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes,VH\ (1811). - Register, 31v; 32r, Acta, 164. 3 PQ26 and PQ 27 are only recorded in the Register and not in the Acta; cf. Acta, 155.
256 APPENDICES PQ27:1808 - On Spinoza (Theologia naturalis) De opinionibus Spinosae philosophicis cum hac nostra aetate inter Eruditos dis- ceptatur; aliis ipsi Pantheismum, aliis Idealismum, tribuentibus, aliis denique ejus sententiam in mitiorem partem interpretantibus: petitur ut Viri Placita ea ejusdem Scriptis, Historia philosophica sui temporis illustratis, eruantur et accu rate exponantur? Wijl ’er hedendaags onder de Geleerden getwist wordt over het wijsgeerig gevoe len van Spinosa: terwijl zommigen Hem het Pantheismus, andere het Idealismus toeschrijven, zommigen eindelijk zijne meening in gunstiger licht voordragen; wordt eene nauwkeurige opgaaf van ’s Mans stellingen gevorderd, op te maken uit zijne Schrijften, zoo als die tevens kunnen worden toegelicht door de Geschiedenis der Wijsbegeerte van Zijnentijd? Since there is much dispute among contemporary academics as to Spinoza’s philosophical opinions, some construing them as pantheism, some as idealism, others again interpreting his views more mildly: we ask for a precise exposition of this man’s teachings on the basis of his writings, seen in the light of the history of philosophy of his day. - Posed 30 November 1807, repeated 13 October 1810, discontinued 1811; no submission. - Register, 31v, 32v; Acta, 165-166. PQ28:1816 - Contradictions in moral duties (Christiana morum) Quum subinde officia officiis repugnare videantur, quaeritur, num incidere possint causae, cum aut plane pugnent, aut incerta sit agendi ratio: et quae in omnibus hujusmodi causis sit norma, cui parere et quam sequi oporteat. Terwijl om van tijd tot tijd pligten voorkomen, welke met andere pligten schij nen te strijden, wordt gevraagd, of er gevallen kunnen plaats hebben, wanneer of onze pligten waarlijk tegen elkanderen strijden, of waarin men onzeker zij, hoe te handelen; en welk in alle zodanige gevallen het rigtsnoer zij, waar aan men ziele moet houden, ent’geen men behoort te volgen? Ob es wirklich Falie geben könne, wo Pflichten mit Pflichten im Widerstreit liegen, oder doch wenigstens die Handlungsart ungewiss sey, und welches in dergl. Verhaltnissen das einzig sichere Princip sey, dem man gehorchen und Folge leis ten müsse. Since at times various duties seem to contradict one another, it is asked whether there can be cases of contradictory duties or at least cases where we are uncertain as to how to act cor rectly, and what principle governing all such cases should be obeyed and acted upon?—Posed 2 December 1814; 6 submissions (2 missing). - First prize winner: A.J. Deiman (B 28.6); Accessit winner: D. Kanngiesser (B 28.5). - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, VI/2 (1818). — Register, 32v-33r; Acta, 170.
257 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ29:1820 - Natural theology after Kant, Fichte and Schelling (Theologia naturcdis) Cum recentiore memoriae multi diversas de exsistentia, natura et operibus Dei, scientifica, quam vocant, philosophandi vias ingressi sint, et nostra praesertim aetate, I. Kantio, J. G. Fichtio et F. W. Schellingio auctoribus, novus, novitatis certe specie indutus, bis de rebus disputandi commendatus sit modus, quaeritur: Quis ex horum Philosophorum animadversionibus monitisque ad rectius constituen- dam Theologiae Naturalis notionem, et emendandam universam de rebus divi- nis disceptationem redundaverit fructus? Since the investigations of recent times have trodden various philosophical paths concerning the existence, nature and action of divinity, and especially those authors of our day, Kant, Fichte and Schelling, it would be helpful to have a new recommendation concerning these various issues of dispute, a guide through these new ideas, and so it is asked: Which of the observations and arguments of these philosophers for the correct definition of natural theol ogy and for settled issues concerning divinity has proved most fruitful? - Posed 1819; no submission. - Register, 33r. PQ30:1823 - Ancient Greek ethics and divinity (Christiana morum) Quaeritur, an et quatenus Philosophi, qui ante Socratem et Platonem fuerunt, atque illi ipsi et qui ex eorum scholis postea prodierunt, in commemorandis vel et exponendis principiis moralibus Divinae exsistentis Naturae et Providentiae Deorum notionem subinde adhibuerint et virtutis constanter ac sincero pectore colendae incitamenta, praesidia atque alimenta inde deduxerint? It is asked whether and to what extent the pre-Socratic philosophers, Socrates and Plato and those coming from their schools made reference to the concept of divine nature or divine providence when mentioning or explaining moral principles, and what motivations, assis tance or support they derived from them. - Posed 28 December 1821, announced 22 April 1822; 1 submission (missing). - First prize winner: P. van Limburg Brouwer. - Winning essay published in Dissertationes Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, VII/1 (1824) - Register, 33v; Acta, 173. PQ31: 1826 - New developments in the natural sciences and God’s existence (Theologia naturalis) Quaeritur, quid e novissimis in Physica, Chemia, Astronomia 8c Historia naturali inventis, ad haec argumenta amplificanda et corroboranda conferri possit, ad Divini Numinis existentiam probandam 8c virtutis illustrandas.

259 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS Given the grievous disputes over the foundation of monarchical justice, both of princes and their subordinates, it is asked whether Christ and his apostles offered any arguments perti nent to the contemporary debate. - Posed 23 October 1832; 5 submissions (missing) - First prize winner: J.J. le Roy; Accessit winner: U.A. Evertz. — Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, VII/2 (1834). - Register, 34v, Acta, 186-187. PQ35:1837 - Principle of sufficient reason (Theologia naturalis) Quaeritur, utrum principium rationis sufficientis firmum sit Theologiae natu ralis fimdamentum, an idoneis argumentis labefactari possit? Si probetur, quibus rationibus extra omnem dubitionem poni queat? Si rejiciatur, quale placeat aliud istius disciplinae fundamentum, quo nitatur Dei existentiae demonstratio, qui ab ipso mundo diversus, hujusque turn Conditor et providus Parens, turn Legislator ac Judex sit? Wordt gevraagd: of het beginsel der genoegzame reden de hechte grondslag zij der Natuurlijke Godgeleerdheid, dan of dat beginsel door gezonde bewijzen verzwakt kan worden? Wanneer hetzelve mogt worden aangenomen, met welke redenerin gen kan het dan boven allen twijfel verheven worden? Mogt het verworpen wor den, welke andere grondslag voor bovengenoemde wetenschap is dan aan te nemen, waarop het bewijs kan gebouwd worden van het bestaan van God, als van de wereld verschillend, en derzelver oorzaak, Verzorger, Wetgever en Regter? It is asked whether an indisputable principle of sufficient reason is the foundation of natural theology or whether it can be repudiated with appropriate arguments? If it is valid, can it be proven with arguments that set it beyond all doubt? If it is to be rejected, is there some other foundation of this discipline by which one might attain to a proof of the existence of a God who is distinct from the world and founder and creator as well as lawgiver and judge? — Posed 9 October 1835; 3 submissions (missing). - First prize winner: L.A. Schroeder Steinmetz; Accessit winner: J.J. le Roy. - Winning essays published in Dissertationes ad Theologiam Naturalem Spectantes, IV (1838). - Register, 34v-35r. PQ36: 1839 - Schleiermacher’s views on Christian ethics (Christiana morum) Quum, post discrepantes virorum doctorum Ethica Christianae ex arte expli- candae rationes, laborare videatur hoc disciplina; primum, quod nondum iuven- tum et constitutum sit principium unum et simplex, unde cuncta deducantur et et apte componantur; turn quod, propter hanc ipsum defectum, praecipua qaedam notiones, et formales, et materiales, vix perspicue definitae aut illustrata sint, neque universae ex uno fonte sic dervatae, ut aptam conspirantemque doc trinam efificiant; quumque sint tarnen qui sentiant Schleiermacheri V. Cl. ingenio
260 APPENDICES


263 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS jeugd? Zijn de voordeelen, welke dit gebruik oplevert, grooter of kleiner dan de nadeelen, die er uit voortspruiten? Welke middelen behooren zij, aan wie het opzigt over het onderwijs of het onderwijs zelf is toevertrouwd, het zij in het eene, het zij in het andere geval, te nutte van het opkomend geslacht aan te wenden? What objections from the standpoint of Christian ethics can be brought against the use of Greek and Roman writers for the education of the youth? Are the advantages or disadvan tages arising from this practice greater? And in the one case or the other, which means ought to be employed to establish appropriate teaching and education for the coming generation? - Posed 12 October 1852; 1 submission. - First prize winner: U.P. Okken (B 42.2). - Published by curators of Legatum Stolpianum: U.P. Okken, Verhandeling over het gebruik van de schriften der Grieken en Romeinen tot de wetenschappelijke opleiding der jeugd. Leiden 1856. (Verhandelingen betreffende de natuurlijke godgeleerdheid en de chris telijke zedenkunde, 1). - Register, 36r; Acta, 213-214,218. PQ43:1854 - Right and duties of elders, church and state concerning education (Christiana morurn) Quomodo, servata indole religionis Christianae, jura et officia definienda sunt, turn parentum, turn Ecclesiae, turn Civitatis, circa eruditionem et educationem? Welke zijn naar Christelijke beginselen de regten en pligten van ouders, kerk en staat ter opzigte van onderwijs en opvoeding? According to Christian principles, what are the rights and duties of parents, church and state with respect to education and learning?-Posed 21 October 1850; 1 submission. - No prize awarded. - Register; 36r-v, Acta, 219. PQ44: 1856 - Moral proofs for the existence of a divine Lawgiver (Theologia naturalis) Quatenus ex morali hominis natura probari potest supremum quemdam esse Legislatorem, qualisque ille sit aperiri? In hoe ver kan de zedelijke aanleg des menschen hem ten bewijze strekken van het bestaan eens hoogsten Wetgevers, en hem diens wezen openbaren? To what extent can the moral nature of humans lead them to proofs of the existence of a supreme lawgiver and reveal him to them?- Posed 13 October 1855, announced November 1855, repeated 17 February 1857; 5 submissions (missing). - No prize awarded. - Register, 36v.



267 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS What does experience teach us concerning the inheritability of moral qualities, and what con sequences can be drawn from this for the investigation of the moral life?- Posed 30 May 1890 (issued earlier as PQ55); 1 submission. - No prize awarded. - Acta, 274,277; lists, 1. PQ58:1893 — History of the concept of natural law (Theologia naturalis) Eene kritische geschiedenis van het begrip van natuurwet in de nieuwere wijs begeerte. A critical history of the concept of the law of nature in modern philosophy. - Posed 9 June 1892; 1 submission (missing). — No prize awarded (prize question later reissued as PQ66). — Acta, 278; announcements; lists, 1. PQ59: 1895 - History of the origins of pacifism (Christiana morutri) Geschiedenis en waardeering van het beginsel der weerloosheid. History and appraisal of the principle of pacifism. - Posed 1 June 1894, repeated 6 June 1898; 3 submissions (missing). - Accessit winner: G. Haspels. - Published privately: G.F. Haspels: De weerloosheid. Een hoofdstuk van levensleer. Amsterdam 1901. - Acta, 280,285; announcements; lists, 1. PQ60:1897 - History of the concept of substance (Theologia naturalis) Eene critische geschiedenis van het begrip van substantie in de nieuwere wijs begeerte. A critical history of the concept of substance in modern philosophy. - Posed 16 June 1896, repeated 14 June 1900; 2 submissions (missing). - Accessit winner: P.H. Ritter. - Published privately: P.H. Ritter, Schets eener critische geschiedenis van het substantiebegrip in de nieuwere wijsbegeerte. Leiden 1906. - Acta, 283-285,289; announcements; lists, 1. PQ61: 1904 - Nietzsche (Christiana morum) De beteekenis en de invloed van Friedrich Nietzsche. The significance and influence of Friedrich Nietzsche. - Posed 19 June 1902; 2 submissions (1 missing). — Accessit winner: W. Jansen. — Not published (manuscript donated in 1940 to Leiden University Library; kept under shelf mark BPL 2388). - Acta, 288-289; announcements; lists, 1.
268 APPENDICES PQ62:1906 - Plato’s influence on 19* century thinking Welken invloed hebben Plato’s denkbeelden en gevoelens gehad op het geestelijk leven der 19de eeuw? What influence have Plato’s ideas and opinions had on intellectual life in the 19 th century? - Posed 14 June 1904; no submission. - Acta, 293; announcements; lists, 1. PQ63:1908 - Legal ethics in Greek thinking Beteekenis der wettische richting op het gebied der zedelijkheid, toegelicht uit de Grieksche schrijvers tot en met Plutarchus. Significance of the deontological approach to the field of ethics, in the light of the Greek writ ers up to and including Plutarch. - Posed 25 May 1906; no submission. - Acta, 295; announcements. PQ64:1909 - Relation between religion and magic Het uitgebreid materiaal door ethnologisch en godsdienst-historisch onderzoek aan het licht gebracht, gelijk ook de uitgaaf van magische teksten, hebben het mogelijk gemaakt de theoretische beschouwingen omtrent de onderlinge ver houding van godsdienst en magie op vasteren grond te bouwen. Met het oog daarop wenschen bestuurderen van het Stolpiaansch legaat een arbeid uit te lokken over de vraag: In welke verhouding staan magie en godsdienst tot elkander? The growing supply of materials afforded by ethnology and the history of religions, as well as editions of magical texts, have made it possible to establish our theoretical observations con cerning the relation between religion and magic on a more solid footing. With special regard to this the curators of the Legatum Stolpianum invite essays on the following question: In what relationship do magic and religion stand to one another?- Posed 20 May 1908; 2 sub missions (missing). — No prize awarded. — Acta, 296; announcements. PQ65:1911 - Morals and psychological functions (Christiana morum) Een onderzoek in te stellen naar de beteekenis der secundaire psychische func- tiën, vooral voor het zedelijk leven. An investigation of the significance of secondary psychic functions, especially for the moral life. - Posed 20 May 1910; no submission. - Acta, 298; announcements.
269 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ66:1913 - History of the concept of natural law (Theologia naturalis) Eene critische geschiedenis van het begrip ‘natuurwet’ in de nieuwere wijs begeerte. A critical history of the concept of the ‘law of nature’ in modern philosophy. - Posed 13 June 1912 (issued earlier as PQ58); 1 submission. — First prize winner: J. Clay (B 66.1). - Published by curators of Legatum Stolpianum: J. Clay, Schets eener kritische geschiedenis van het begrip natuurwet in de nieuwere wijsbegeerte. Met eene inleiding omtrent dat begrip bij vóórchristelijke denkers. Leiden 1915. - Acta, 301-303; announcements. PQ67: 1916 - Significance of pragmatism for ethics (Christiana morum) Eene critische verhandeling over de beteekenis van het hedendaagsche pragma tisme voor de ethiek. A critical essay on the significance of modern pragmatism in the field of ethics. - Posed 20 June 1914; 1 submission (missing). - No prize awarded. - Acta, 302,304-305; announce ments; lists,4. PQ70:1922 — Einstein and Kant on space and time (Theologia naturalis) In welke onderlinge verhouding staan de opvatting van ruimte en tijd in de re lativiteitstheorie van Einstein en beider opvatting in de nieuwere wijsbegeerte?

271 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS In the economic studies on a mathematical basis developed by Jevons, Walras and their fol lowers ratios for determining exchange value play a central role. We ask for a critical analy sis of these ratios, as well as the attempts to replace these ratios with others. - Posed 24 May 1928; 3 submissions (missing). - First prize winners: (1) J. Tinbergen, (2) W.J. de Langen. - Winning essays not published. - Acta 315,319,321; announcements; lists, 4. PQ75:1932 — The Mithra religion Een onderzoek naar de verhouding tusschen het Mithra-geloof van het Avesta en den Mithra-mysteriën in het Romeinsche Rijk. An investigation of the relationship between the Mithra religion of the Avesta and the Mithra mystery religion in the Roman empire. - Posed 23 May 1930; no submission. - Acta, 320; announcements. PQ76: 1934 - Psychology of space among the blind Nieuwe bijdragen tot de psychologie van het ruimtebegrip der blinden. New contributions to the psychology of the concept of space among the blind. - Posed 25 May 1932; 3 submissions (missing). - Accessit winners: (1) N.N. (motto: ‘Sehe mit tastendem Auge, fuhle mit sehender hand’), (2) N.N. (motto: ‘Licht strahlt ja doch dem Auge nicht allein’). — Acta, 321,322; announcements; lists, 4. PQ77:1936 - Religious and magical significance of texts and writing De godsdienstig-magische beteekenis van het schrift en het geschrevene, toegelicht door gegevens uit een of meerdere godsdiensten. The religious-magical significance of text and writing illustrated with examples from one or more religions. - Posed 5 June 1934; 4 submissions (missing). - No prize awarded. - Acta, 322,324-325; lists, 4. PQ78:1938 — Geography of religion De godsdienstige geographic in verschillende godsdiensten. Religious geography among various religions. - Posed 25 May 1936; no submission. - Acta, 325,326; lists, 4.

273 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ84:1953 — Philosophical education at Franeker Een beschrijving van de geschiedenis van het onderwijs in de wijsbegeerte aan de Hogeschool te Franeker (1585-1811). A description of the history of philosophical teaching at the University of Franeker (1585- 1811). — Posed 21 May 1951; 1 submission (missing). - First prize winner: S.H.M. Galama. - In 1954 defended as dissertation Rijksuniversiteit Leiden. - Published: S.H.M. Galama, Het wijsgerig onderwijs aan de Hogeschool te Franeker, 1585-1811. Franeker, 1954. Cf. p. 6: ‘Met grote dankbaarheid zij vermeld, dat in de kosten van dit proefschrift bijge dragen is door de Curatoren van het Legatum Stolpianum, die voor een gedeelte van dezer dissertatie op 13 October 1953 aan de auteur de tweejaarlijkse prijs van genoemd legatum toekenden’. - Acta, 335,341. PQ85:1955 — History of the Legatum Stolpianum Een beschrijving van de geschiedenis van het Legatum Stolpianum. A description of the history of the Legatum Stolpianum. - Posed 20 October 1952; no sub mission. - Acta, 337,346.

275 3.2 LIST OF PRIZE QUESTIONS PQ 94:1994 - [Best study in theology or moral philosophy, 1989-1993] 17 nominations. - Prize winners: (1) W.B. Drees, Beyond the Big Bang. Quantum cosmolo gies and God. La Salle, IL1990. Originally issued as dissertation Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 1989. (2) H. de Vries, Theologie im Pianissmo & zwischen Rationaliteit und Dekonstruktion. Die Aktualitat der Denkfiguren Adornos und Levinas’. Kampen 1989. Dissertation Rijksuniversiteit Leiden. - Prize awarded 30 September 1994. - Acta, 368-370. PQ 95: 2001 - [Best study in theology or moral philosophy, 1994-1998] 7 nominations. - Prize winner: P.M.F. Oomen, Doet God ertoe. Een interpretatie van Whitehead als bijdrage aan een theologie van Gods handelen.. Kampen 1998. Dissertation Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. - Prize awarded 23 April 2001. - Acta, 372-373. PQ 96:2004 - [Best study in theology or moral philosophy, 1999-2003] 9 nominations. — Prize winner: JJ. Kole, Moral autonomy and Christian Faith. A discussion with William K. Frankena. Delft 2002. Dissertation Theologische Universiteit Kampen. - Prize awarded 16 September 2004.

277 3.3 Index of Known Contest Entrants This is a list of persons who are known to have submitted entries in the prize essay competitions of the Legatum. Some persons revealed their own names and were therefore disqualified from the competition. The names of the prize win ners were revealed by the curators, and those authors can therefore be identified by their winning entries or by the notes in the Acta. Still others have been iden tified by means of examining their correspondence with the curators. The index refers not only to the archival material - either curatorial documents (A) or prize essay manuscripts (B) - but, when no manuscripts are available, also to the pre ceding appendix 3.2 List of Prize Questions, with data from the published prize essays and from the Acta (PQ). The list also includes the authors to whom prizes have been awarded a posteriori (from 1960 onwards). Augustijn, Cornelis - A 3.33, PQ88 Bekenn, Georg Ludwig - PQ18, PQ22 Bekker, Cliens J. - B 6.10 Bemenja, Daniel Demeter de - B 17.7 Bergambacht, A. G. - B 6.19 Bexou, M. — B 7.2 Bosch, Theodorus - A 3.6, B 6.16 Braun, Christiaan Harmen - A 3.6, B 6.39 Brown, W.L. - B 15.24 Broens, Jan Fredrik - B 8.35 Brouwer, P. van Limburg - A 3.18, PQ30 Bruijn, Gerrit Willem van Oosten de - A 3.2, B 2.3 Clavius, Andreas - A 6.2, B 3.20 Clay, Jacob - A 3.24, 5.4, B 66.1 Cler, F.L.B. de - A 3.13 Colonius, George - A 3.10, B 10.28 Cras, Heinrich Constantin - A 3.14, B 14.4 Deiman, Albert Joachim - B 28.6 Dingemans, Gijsbert Dirk Jan - A 3.36, PQ91 Dmuschewski, Johann Christoph - B 6.12 Drees, Willem Bernard - PQ94 Dryfhoud, Ane - B 7.7
278 APPENDICES Ehlers, Ch. - A 3.10, B 10.25 Evertz, Ulbo Arent - A 3.19, PQ34 Fagaras, Josepho Pap. de —A 3.10, B 10.29,14.5,15.19 Fardon, Alexander Benjamin - PQ18 Frisi, Paolo — A 3.3, B 3.2 Fontaine, J. C. — A 3.8, 3.10,3.11,3.12, B 8.17,10.24,11.4,12.1 Formey, Samuel - A3.1,B 1.19 Galama, Sybrand Haije Michiel — A 3.30, PQ84 Gessner, M. — A 3.17 Goeden, Johann Levin - A 3.7, B 7.16 Goud, Johan Frederik - A 3.38, PQ93 Gratama, Seerp - PQ21 Gunterstijn, G. van - B 10.32 Haspels, George Frans - PQ59 Hauff, Daniel Friedrich - PQ18 Hecht, Johann Georg Andreas - B 6.28 Hennert, Johann Friedrich - A 3.10, B 10.26 Hengel, Jacob van - B 52.2 Heymans, Gerardus - PQ56 Hoedemaker, Libertus Arend - A 3.34, PQ89 Hollebeek, Ewald — B 8.43 Hottinger, Johann Jacob — A 3.10,3.11, B 10.16,11.23 Hovens, Daniel — B 16.9 Hulshoff, Allard - A 3.6, 3.7,3.8,3.9, B 6.54, 7.23, 8.46,9.12,9.29 Hummel - B 8.1 Huygens, Burchardus - B 6.26 Jacob, Ludwig Henrich - PQ18 Jansen, W. — PQ61 Jarossik, Victorinus - B 17.1 Jongeneel, Jan Arie Bastiaan - A 3.35, PQ90 Jordan, Samuel - A 3.3, B 3.25 Kanngiesser, D. - B 28.5 Keiser, C. - B 6.13 Kruyff, Jan de — B 13.12 Labruyere, Trapaud de — B 9.6 Langen, W.J. de - A 3.28, PQ74
279 3.3 INDEX OF KNOWN CONTEST ENTRANTS Ledeboer, Abraham - A 3.10, B 10.9 LeSage, E. L. - B 12.27 Lier, H.R. van - B 15.10 Livesley, J. - B 52.1 Loggener, J.W. - A 3.10, B 10.1 Luising, Hendrik - A 3.6, B 6.56 Luzac, Elias — B 4.12 Maas, G.A. - A 3.3,3.4, B 3.9,4.5 Manger, S. H. - A 3.13, B 13.2 Marei, Adolph Fredrik - B 7.19 Martinius, B. - A 3.6 Matthia, Augustus - PQ22 Mebius, J. Engelsma - A3.11,B11.9 Meister, Johann Christian Friedrich - B 26.4 Melchior, Johann Albert - A 3.1,7.1, B 1.18 Meyer [Meijer], Laurentius - A 3.8,3.9, B 8.16, 9.7 Mollik, Tobias - B 17.2 Monnikhoff, Johannes - A 3.3, B 3.7 Munnik, René petrus Hendrikus - A 3.38, PQ93 Musschenga, Albert Wim - A 3.37, PQ92 Nebling, Andreas - B 17.5 Nettis, J. - A 3.6 Oetinger, J.C. - A 3.8 Okken, Ubbo Petrus - B 42.2 Oomen, Palmyre Maria Francisca - PQ95 Panorma, Jo. Philiberti Periconia - A 3.10, B 10.31 Perrenot, Abraham - A 3.3,3.4,3.6, B 3.22,4.10, 5.9,6.49 Peterzon, Jacobus - B 6.9 Pistorius, Herman Andrea - A 3.8, B 8.5 Potamon - A 3.1, B 1.9 Raoul-Rochette - A 3.18 Reeder, Lucas - A 3.7, B 7.18a Rey, Jaques - B 16.3 Ritter, Pierre Henri. - PQ60 Rogvois, Ernestus - B 6.1 Roy, Jacob Johan le - A 3.19,3.20, PQ34, PQ35 Ruyter, J. H. de - A 3.5, B 5.4
280 Szatmari, M. Pap - B 16.12 Schroeder, Nicolas — B 13.13 Schwab, Johann Christoph - A 3.15,3.16, B 15.1,16.4,26.5 Spaan, Theodoras - A 3.11, B 11.21,15.22 Spraijt, Comelis Bellaar. - A 5.3, PQ50 Steinmetz, Lodewijk Adolf Schroeder - A 3.19, PQ35 Szatmari, Michaelis Pap - B 16.12 Teewes, Haring - B 6.15 Tinbergen, J. - A 3.28, PQ74 Titius, Johannus Danielus - A 3.5, B 5.7 Toellner, Johann Gottlieb — A 3.8, B 8.57 Uiman, Naftali Herz — A 3.7, B 7.19 Verstap Jr, Pieter — A 3.13,3.14, B 13.6,14.1 Vos, Willem de - PQ22 Vries, Hendrik de — PQ94 Wilde, Joannes David — B 8.4 Witteveen, Frederik — A 3.5, B 5.8 Wyttenbach, Daniel — B 13.7 Ziegra, C. - A 3.3, B 3.3
281 3.4 List of illustrations [Front cover] Jan Stolp, painted portrait, mid-18th century (UB Leiden, leones 131). — Prize medal (Acad. Hist. Museum, Leiden) — [Inside:] Library register with book acquisitions financed by the Legatum Stolpianum (UB Leiden, BA1 C 17: VIII). - Prize essay with cover of block printed paper (B 16.11). - Motto-slip ‘Ignotus utrimque’ (B 1.4)’. [Back cover] Title page of the first ‘crowned’ prize essay submitted by Johannes Albertus Melchior (B 1.18), published in 1756 (UB Leiden, 554 C 9). - Prize essay with cover of paste paper (B 6.27). — Wooden chest used for archival documents by the Legatum Stolpianum (A 6.10).— [Inside:] Prize essays with covers of marbled paper (B 4.2), block printed paper (B 6.12), brocade paper (B 1.16), and block printed paper (B 1.4). [Frontispice] Engraved portrait of Jan Stolp in J. Wagenaar, Vaderlandsche historie, dl. XXII1752-1758 (Amsterdam 1788), p. 108/109. - (UB Leiden, 302 E 16). 9 ‘Praemium Acad. Leidensis ex Legato J. Stolp’: obverse and reverse of the prize medal. (Acad. Hist. Museum, Leiden) 10 Minutes book used for curatorial meetings of the Legatum Stolpianum; pages 12-13 refer to PQ1: 1755. - (A 1.4). 15 Jan Stolp matriculated at Leiden University 17 September 1694 (aged 23) and 22 March 1727 (aged 55), which was recorded in two volumes of the Album Studiosorum. - (UB Leiden, ASF 12; ASF 14). 16 Inscription of Jan Stolp (dated 7 May 1744) in the album amicorum of Jacob Michielsz. Elias. - (UB Leiden, BPL 1529, f. 6). 19 Library register with book acquisitions financed by the Legatum Stolpianum, p. 1: Libri in folio. - (UB Leiden, BA1 C 17: VIII). 21 Drawings by Frans van Mieris for the manufacture of the prize medal, for merly appendices to the original testament. - (A 2.1). 23 Motto slip of Accessit winner Abraham Perrenot, belonging to prize essay B 6.49. - (A 3.6).
282 APPENDICES 36-7 Praemium Stolpianum awarded to Dr. Palmyre Oomen on 23 April 2001, in the Senaatskamer of the Academiegebouw (PQ95: 2001). The prize winner is listening to the speech by Prof. L. Leertouwer, Rector Magnificus of Leiden University, who is flanked by the curators of the Legatum Stolpianum (left: Profs. J.H. Nieuwenhuis, M.E.H.N. Mout, B.G. Sundholm; right: Profs. H.J. Adriaanse, H. Beukers). Photographs: Marc de Haan. 39 Title page of Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Theobgiam Naturalem Spectantes, vol. I (Lugd. Batav. 1766), containing the winning prize essays of PQ1, PQ3 and PQ5. - (UB Leiden, 554 C 9). 40 Title page of Dissertationes Latinae et Belgicae ad Christianam Morum Doctrinam Spectantes, vol. I (Lugd. Batav. 1766), containing the winning prize essays of PQ2, PQ4, PQ6. — (UB Leiden, 554 C 13). 44 Articles of association of the Stichting Legatum Stolpianum, dated 1 June 1979.-(A 1.6). 46 Wooden chest used for archival documents by the Legatum Stolpianum. - (A 6.10). 54 Prize essay register, f. lv: listing of prizes essays received for PQ1: 1755. - (A 1.5). 58 Motto slip of Abraham Perrenot (Accessit winner), belonging to prize essay B 6.49; outside with notes about receipt by secretary of the Legatum. - (A 3.6). 65 Announcement of curators concerning PQ45: 1858 and PQ44: 1856. - (A 4.2). 70 Cashbook of the Legatum, with list of receipts and expenditures kept by F.W. Pestel, treasurer for 1779-1781. - (A 7.1). 73 Nederlandsche Jaerboeken, inhoudende een Verhael van de Merkwaerdigste Geschiedenissen die voorgevallen zyn binnen den omtrek der Vereenigde Provintien 1754, p. 119 (February), relating the news of Stolp’s death and legacy. - (G 504: 8). 77 Title page of first ‘crowned’ prize essay, submitted by Johannes Albertus Melchior; see also illustration on back cover. - (B 1.18).
283 3.4 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 88 Beginning of ‘crowned’ prize essay submitted by Abraham Perrenot (B 4.10), published in 1762. - (UB Leiden, 554 C 13). 96 Prize essay submitted by C. Keiser, with text in quatrains (p. 40-41). - (B 6.13). 99 Title page of prize essay submitted under motto ‘Justus florebit ut palma’. - (B 6.22). 118 Motto-slip belonging to prize essay submitted by Laurentius Meyer (Accessit winner). - (B 8.16). 120 ‘Geneseos Colorum Circulus Hexaplus’: numerical tables belonging to prize essay submitted under motto ‘Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet’. - (B 8.20). 128 Motto-slip belonging to prize essay submitted by Trapaud de Labruyere. - (B 9.6). 132 Prize essay submitted under motto ‘Deus est qui non mutatur in aevo’. - (B 9.14). 136 Text (p. 32-33) of prize essay submitted by Allard Hulshoff (Accessit win ner). -(B 9.29). 143 Prize essay submitted by Ch. Ehlers (Accessit winner), with notes by secre tary and attached slip with instruction for the printer. - (B 10.25). 152 Title page of prize essay submitted under motto ‘Heu! Primae scelerum causae mortalibus aegris...’, with notes by secretary and attached slip with apology for delay. - (B 11.22). 159 Prize essay submitted by E.L. LeSage; formerly folded as letter and addressed to Prof. J.J. Schultens, secretary of the Legatum, who recorded number and date of receipt. - (B 12.27). 160 Text (f. 5v-6r) of prize essay submitted under motto ‘Nil majus generatur ipso ...’. - ( B 13.1). 164 One-page prize answer submitted without motto, with envelope addressed to Prof H.B. Gaubius, secretary of the Legatum, who recorded number and date of receipt. - (B 13.9).
284 APPENDICES 187 210 Prize essay submitted by Jacob van Hengel, with motto-slip. — (B 52.2). Page from the extract of Stolp’s testament: ‘In den Naemen Gods Amen...’ -(A 1.1).

286
287 21. 22-23. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. J.J. Witkam: Catalogue of Arabic manuscripts in the library of the University of Leiden and other collections in the Netherlands. 1982-1989. 5 fasc. and intro ductory leaflet. 16,560 p. H.I.R. Hinzler: Catalogue of Balinese manuscripts in the library of the University of Leiden and other collections in the Netherlands 1986-1987.2 vols. Part 1. Reproductions of the Balinese drawings from the Van der Tuuk Collection. 1987.435 photographs. ISBN 90-04-07235-7 Part 2. Descriptions of the Balinese drawings from the Van der Tuuk Collection. 1986. VI, 513 p. ISBN 90-04-07236-5 P. Voorhoeve: Catalogue of Acehnese manuscripts in the Library of Leiden University and other collections outside Aceh. In coop, with T. Iskandar. Transl. and ed. by M. Durie. 1994. 391 p. ISBN 90-74204-05-8 Catalogue of Malay and Minangkabau manuscripts in the library of Leiden University and other collections in the Netherlands. E.P. Wieringa: Vol. I. Comprising the acquisitions of Malay manuscripts in Leiden University Library up to the year 1896. Ed. by J. de Lijster-Streef and J.J. Witkam. 1998. - 608 p. Chr. Berkvens-Stevelinck: Catalogue des manuscrits de la collection Prosper Marchand. Avec la collab. de A. Nieuweboer. 1988. X, 206 p. ISBN 90-04- 08618-8 J.P. Hinrichs: Valerij Perelesin (1913-1992). Catalogue of his papers and books in Leiden University Library. 1997.184 p. ISBN 90-74204-07-4 Chr. Berkvens-Stevelinck: Inventaris van het archief van Kornelis Heiko Miskotte. 1998. XTV, 235 p. ISBN 90-74204-08-2 A. van der Lem: Inventaris van het archief van Johan Huizinga. Bibliografie 1897-1997.1998. XIX, 420 p. ISBN 90-74204-09-0 J. Schmidt: Catalogue of Turkish manuscripts in the Library of Leiden University and other collections in the Netherlands. Vol. I. Comprising the acquisitions of Turkish manuscripts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 2000. - XV, 644 p. J.P. Hinrichs: The C.H. van Schooneveld Collection in Leiden University Library. Editorial correspondence and documents relating to Mouton & Co., The Hague, and other papers in the fields ofSlavistics and linguistics. With contrib. by A.Th. Bouwman. 2001. viii, 240 p. ISBN 90-74204-10-4 De Collectie Th.P. Galestin in de Univrsiteitsbibliotheek te Leiden, door Marie- Odette Scalliet. 2004.176 pp. Catalogue of Chinese Manuscripts in the Central Library of the University of Leiden, compiled and edited by P.N. Kuiper, with contributions by Yuan Bingling and Jan Just Witkam - in preparation. Catalogue of Turkish manuscripts in the Library of Leiden University and other collections in the Netherlands. Vol. II. Comprising the acquisitions of Turkish manuscripts in Leiden University Library between 1800 and 1970. Compiled by Jan Schmidt. 2002. xviii, 785 pp. Het archief Nico Rost. Door Anton van der Lem. - in preparation.
288 36. 37. De Beetscollectie te Leiden. Inventaris van papieren en drukken uit het bezit van Nicolaas Beets (1814-1903) berustend in de Bibliotheek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Leterkunde. Samengesteld door A.Th. Bouwman, m.m.v. E.J. Krol, 2003.443 pp. ISBN 90-74204-11-2 Das Max Weisweiler-Archiv der Universitatsbibliothek Leiden. Verzeichnet und beschrieben von Beate Wiesmüller - in preparation.

mmm t --. Saalp mA ii Cj - ,: wj/ ~~ ^s?6l MI srrf^ ' WW.-. \.mi' / &T>. msÊL'i Illustrations: Appendix 3.4 mm JOANNIS ALBERTI MELCHIORIS A. L. M ET PHILOS. DOCT DISSERTATIQ D E ARGUMENTIS, QU1BUS EXISTENTIA DEI A POSTERIORI PROBATUR. Quae xiii. Octobris m d c c l t. LEG ATI STOIHANI premium reportavit. Accedunt .1S0NTM0KUM DE EO DE M ARGU.VENTO DISSER- TATIONES DUAE, ALTERA LATINE, BEI.- GICE ALTERA CONSCRtPTAE. # !i£ LUGDUXJ BAT AF O RU M, ApudSAM. &JOH. LUCHT MANS, i?s«- ' jr-,' 1 ■ : History and Archives of the Leiden Prize Competitions in Natural Theology and Moral Philosophy, 1754-2004.