257

31.268 Boma Kalantaka, in prose, Madura: cod. 2044-11 (= 10.680 r= BCB prtf 161). cod. NBS 71. 31.270 Krësna Këmbaq, in prose: 31.269 Sëtya Bama, in prose, Yogyakarta: cod. 4287 (fragment). 31.280 European Influence on Javanese Literature in the Nineteenth Century.

In the first decades and the middle of the nineteenth century three Dutch scholars, Gericke, Winter and Wilkens, were working on the Javanese-Dutch dictionary in Sura karta (see 45.450). Social intercourse with these men exercised a considerable influence on Javanese authors of the time. Two mem bers of the Winter family, father and son, developed into Javanese authors themselves. They were cooperators of professor Roorda, of Delft and Leiden, the founder of modem Javanistic studies in The Netherlands, who never visited Java himself (see Uhlenbeck, “The Languages of Java and Madura”, 1964). Several Javanese books written by C F. Winter, the father and F. L. Winter, the son, have been published in The Nether lands and in Java. Evidently prompted by professor Roorda and other scholars, the Winters translated several Dutch books into Javanese prose. It was thought necessary to enlarge the supply of prose reading-matter especially for the use In schools. The translations of the Winters, though in a way appreciated by Javanese literati as sources of information on an un known world outside Java, never became Popular books, however. Another nineteenth century belletristic text is a translation of a European play, kl on toni. The author is unknown. The translation of European books in the nineteenth century prepared the way for the introduction of the modern form of belle

tristic reading-matter, the novel, into Java nese literature. The modern novellistic tales will be discussed in 31.440. The Government Bureau for the propagation of popular litera ture (“Kantoor voor de Volkslectuur”, Bale Pustaka), which was established in Batavia in the first decades of the twentieth century, continued a tradition of translating foreign literature which had its beginning nearly one hundred years before. Under the present head manuscripts con taining various works of the Winters have been collected. 31.281 Cariyos Sèwu, Arabian Nights, prose translation by C. F. Winter : cod. 1839, NBS 205. 31.282 Cariyos Sèwu, Arabian Nights, se lected tales, versified by C. F. Winter: cod. NBS 53, NBS 54. 31.283 Anecdotes, didactic stories, trans lated by C. F. Winter: cod. 2147. 31.284 Rays, farces, of European origin, epitomized in Javanese prose by C. F. Winter: cod. 2184. 31.285 Montoni, play of European origin, versified: cod. 6490. 31.286 Stories for children, Baron von Miinchhausen, Javanese prose by C. F. Winter: cod. 2153.