313

cod. 2127 (= BCB prtf 218), NBS 55. 48.200 Regulations and Charters issued by Javanese Kings of the Islamic period. In all periods of Javanese history rulers issued orders and rules pertaining to special aspects of social life, in the first place the organization of their own Courts and residences, the Royal revenue, and agra rian administration. Javanese economy being agrarian, the major part of the Royal revenue came from the agriculturists. Several Javanese lawbooks, both ancient and modern, contain ordinances concerning the Court. On account of the prominent place occupied by Royalty in Javanese society, Court rules in several respects were put on a par with common law. Especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, in the period of the division of the territory of the ancient Javanese kingdom between four rulers (see 47.000), Court rules became very important. In the second half of the nineteenth cen tury and in the beginning of the twentieth century practically all common and penal legislation was taken over from the Javanese rulers by the Dutch administration. Only the organization of their own Courts and Court functions remained to the rulers. Many ordinances (in Javanese called pranatans), dating from the last period of Javanese Royalty, contain interesting information on Court customs, etiquette and art, always meticulously preserved. In the twentieth cen tury several Court pranatans concerning special celebrations were printed or sten cilled by order of the rulers. Meanwhile the intricate organization of the annual garëbëgs, the great religious fes tivals, seems never to have been fixed by

Royal ordinance, which is remarkable. Prob ably in the course of time they developed out of old, even pre-Islamic rites and cus toms. The arrangement of the pageant and the ceremonies were known by tradition with all courtiers and Royal servants concerned. Under the present head some manuscripts containing Javanese Royal ordinances and charters (piyagëms) are listed. References to more manuscripts, also to those which are listed under the head customs and cere monies (49.000), can be found in the General Index under the catchword pranatan. More over under the present head some agrarian regulations, not issued by Javanese Royal Courts, are mentioned. The present author’s article on “Afkondigingen van Soeltans van “Bantën voor Lampoeng” (Djawa, vol. 9), 1929) contains an edition of regulations con cerning the pepper trade. In some manu scripts of lawbooks from West Java (see 47.600 ff.) references to Royal charters are incorporated. 48.201 Pranatan Kraton Surakarta, Court ordinances on etiquette and ceremonies: cod. 10.843. 48.210 Pranatans and piyagëms, ordinances and charters: cod. KITLV Or 265. 48.220 Notes on agrarian law and titles to land: cod. KITLV Or 269 (coll, de Roo de la Faille). 48.230 Pranatan pajëg bumi désa, ordi nance on land-rent: cod. NBS 87 no. 14 (= 10.735 = BCB prtf 215). 48.240 Sërat Adel, Surakarta ordinance on predicates and titles of nobility: cod. 6421.