149

listed under the head West Pasisir Law (47.600). Manuscripts of Javanese romances, written in Palémbar), are in the collections in Djakarta and in London. The fall of the Palémbar) Sultanate in 1825 caused the de cline of Javanese cultural activity in the district, but the local idiom of Malay pre serves reminiscences of the flourishing period of Javanese Pasisir culture. Unfortunately Javanese-Palémbai) texts on local history are not in evidence. Perhaps in the nineteenth century Malay historical texts written in the local idiom took their place. However this may have been, the existence in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of a Javanese-Palémbar) literature ought to> be mentioned in the present Synop sis. References to manuscripts providing in formation on the subject are to' be found in the General Index under the catchword Palémbat). 24.300 Banjar Masin history. In Javanese history Banjar Masin, though situated opposite Central Java on the south coast of Borneo, does not occupy a place of importance. But then, a Banjar Masin his torical text, written in the local Malay idiom, is explicit on the important role played by warlike Javanese in political developments in South Borneo (see A. A. Cense, “De “Kroniek van Bandjarmasin”, 1928, and the Leiden University thesis of J. J. Ras). The Royal Family of Banjar Masin venerated a pair of wooden dragon-heads, decorated with wood-carving, heirlooms which were believed to have been brought over from Majapahit by the founder of the dynasty (see Notulen KBG, vol. Ill, 1865, p. 147).

In the district of Banjar Masin the local Malay idiom contains many words which are related to Javanese, and Banjar Masin folk lore and customs also are reminiscent of Java. 24.400 Makasar and Bugis his tory. In the seventeenth century Makasar and Bugis chieftains invaded East Javanese maritime districts and caused a great deal of trouble. As a consequence in Javanese historical texts referring to the period names of South Celebes noblemen, bearing the titles kraèw, or dacty, are repeatedly mentioned. In Javanese romantical literature belonging to the Panji cycle of tales, sometimes Bugis warriors with particularly sanguineous and ferocious characters enter on the scene. This probably is a reminiscence of the behaviour of the uncultured invaders from Celebes. Even in the pre-Islamic period they may have raided the North Coast districts of Java and Bali. In Javanese literature the sanguineous Bugis princes are called Klanas, and in the quadripartite classification of personages of the ancient Javanese masque (toper,) theatre the Klana has a definite place (see the present author’s “Javaanse Volks- “vertoningen”, index sub voce Klana). In South Celebes some features of Java nese culture are apparent, especially in the field of religion. Javanese texts, or texts with a considerable admixture of Javanese elements, however, are not in evidence. Nevertheless in the present Synopsis Ma kasar and Bugis countries are mentioned on account of their historical relations with Java. They close the ring of regions situated around the Java Sea, which in some way or another were participants of the Javanese Pasisir culture.