298

LUB printed books, sub voce Gericke: notes by professor Vreede and Gunning (1901), notes by professor Jonker (1901), notes by van der Tuuk (1847), notes by van der Tuuk (1875), notes by van der Tuuk (1883), notes by Meinsma (1847), notes by Meinsma (1862), notes by Meins ma (1875). 45.640 “Kawi-Balineesch-N ederlandsch “Glossarium op het Oudjavaansche Rama- “yana”, 1902, and “Oudjavaansch-Neder- “landsche Woordenlijst”, 1923, by H. H. Juynboll, with notes on interleaves: LUB printed books sub voce Juynboll: notes by Juynboll himself (1902 and 1923). 45.650 Dialect Studies. As a result of a closer contact with Javanese men and women of all ranks, in the nineteenth cen tury, Dutch administrators, officers and scholars began to note the existence of rather widely divergent dialects spread over the island from East to West. Since the eigh teenth century the language as spoken and written at the Surakarta Court in Central Java had been generally recognized as the standard of cultivated Javanese. The Dutch administration and Dutch scholars followed this example. In consequence of the establish ment of Government schools in all districts of Java, among the well-educated classes the Surakarta standard Javanese became preponderant over the local dialects. Never theless, among less educated people and in the villages the local idioms remained. In the last decades of the nineteenth century and in the beginning of the twentieth century Dutch scholars made a beginning with the research into the Javanese dialects. Some monographs on dialects spoken in the wes

tern part of the island, where the divergence from the Surakarta standard was most clearly marked, were published (see E. M. Uhlenbeck, “A critical survey of studies on “the languages of Java and Madura”, 1964). The Javanese-Dutch dictionaries written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries men tion many dialectic words. Relevant texts have been registered in the General Index under the catchword dialect. 45.660 Bahuwai)i dialect, East Java, col lection van der Tuuk: cod. 3269, 3270. 45.760 Notes on dialect, enquiry all over Java, collection Schmiilling: cod. 5548 (= 6779 = 10.645 = BCB prtf 79). 45.680 Gunui3 Kidul, South Yogyakarta dialect: cod. 6403 (Sëmanu), 6204 (and other notes, collection Gunning). 45.690 Linguistic survey of Java and Ma dura, transcriptions of phonographic records, collection Berg, 1938-1941: cod. CB 135 (1-15). 45.700 Madurese-Javanese vocabulary and dialogues by Jaya Adinëgara of Pamëkasan, collection Vreede: cod. 2248, 2249. 46.000 Grammar. In combination with the Sanskrit vocabulary, Sanskrit grammar, too, was studied by Javanese scholars of the pre-Islamic period. Whereas in the course of time they learned the meaning and the use of a great number of Sanskrit words, their mastery of Sanskrit grammar remained defective. Their knowledge of grammatical genders, cases, numbers and conjugations was vague. This deficiency did not prevent