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closely or remotely connected with Islam: 15.500—15.600 ff. C. Javanese treatises on Islamic theology, divine worship and ritual: 15.700—16.000 ff. D. Javanese didactic and edifying books on Islamic ethics: 16.200—16.600 ff. E. Javanese-Balinese texts on Islam written in Bali and Lombok: 16.800—16.900 ff. F. Moralistic texts written in the Islamic period, not closely connected with Islam: 17.000—18.500 ff. Under the present head some Javanese texts on Islam and Muslim mysticism (group A) belonging to the beginning of the Islamic period of Javanese cultural history have been registered. Two of them were brought to The Netherlands by ships re turning from the first Dutch voyage to Java in the last years of the sixteenth century. They were several times edited and trans lated into Dutch, one (cod. 266) by Dr Gunning (“Een Javaansch geschrift uit de “16de eeuw handelende over den Mohamme- “daanschen godsdienst”, Leiden, 1881), pro fessor H. Kraemer (“Een Javaansche prim- “bon uit de zestiende eeuw”, Leiden 1921) and professor Drewes (“Een Javaanse Prim- “bon uit de zestiende eeuw, opnieuw uit- “gegevcn en vertaald”, Leiden 1954), the other one (cod. 1928) by professor B. J. O. Schrieke (“Het boek van Bonang”, Utrecht 1916) and professor Drewes (in prepara tion). A third manuscript of the same kind was discovered recently in the Biblioteca Communale Ariostea of Ferrara, Italy (cod.

10.811). Two remarkable books, written on treebark-paper, and folded in the manner of Indian books (resembling one side of a concertina balloon), cod. 8657 (a photo graphic copy) and cod. 11.092 (a manu script originally belonging to professor Drewes) are comparable with the codexes 266, 1928 and 10.811 as to age and contents. They are all books of notes, containing lessons on various subjects connected with mysticism. As such they are closely related with the mass of books of notes written in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which have been registered in 14.200, 14.600 and 15.300 ff. It seems quite possible that some manuscripts registered under these heads contain texts of equal antiquity as the authentic sixteenth century codexes. But then, in nineteenth century books of notes, old texts can hardly be identified with any certainty. Cod. 3050 might also date from the seventeenth century. The old manuscripts have in common their script and idiom which are related to pre-Islamic Old Javanese and Javanese- Balinese script and idiom. Apparently in the sixteenth century Arabic script had not yet fully established itself in Central and East Java, even in Muslim religious com munities. The tradition of pre-Islamic Old Javanese scholarship still was strong. After wards, especially in the period of domin ation of the legal and orthodox current in Javanese Islam, Arabic schript was used more frequently. The old manuscripts belong to the Pasisir period of Javanese cultural history; probably their authors or editors lived in Muslim communities in the mari time districs along the North Coast. In Part Two of the present Synopsis (22.200)