160

cod. 2100 (Yogyakarta), 4099, 8933 (Yogyakarta), NBS 163, NBS 224, NBS 230, KITLV Or 11. 25.620 Histories of pre-Mataram kingdoms, beginning in the Majapahit period: cod. 2113 (Dëmak), 5768, 6243 (= 10.701), 6377, 6631, NBS 323, AdKIT 1504/1. 25.630 Dëmak history: cod. 6302 h. 25.640 Pajai} history: cod. 6708, NBS 235. 25.800 Mataram Histories. During the reigns of Sultan Agut3 Anakra Kusuma and his son Ma^ku Rat I, occupying the greater part of the seventeenth century, the Central Javanese kingdom had its greatest expansion. All dynasts of inland and Pasisir kingdoms, except Batavia and Bantën in West Java, acknowledged the authority of the Kings of Mataram. The flourishing cul ture of Central and East Pasisir towns declined. At the Court of the Mataram King, near the present town of Yogyakarta, neither authors nor artisans were as yet up to' the standard of their predecessors, servants of the Dëmak and other Pasisir Kings. Still some historical texts were written. The eventful reign of Sultan Agui} prompted authors to make notes on contemporary history, and perhaps on the King’s express command, a text on his exploits was written which afterwards, in the Surakarta period, was incorporated in the Major History of Mataram Kings. Under the present head some inter-related texts dealing with seventeenth century Ma taram history are mentioned. They were written at a later time; it is difficult to ascertain their relationship with contempo

raneous historiography. In the General In dex, manuscripts containing information on the subject are registered under the catch words Mataram and Sultan A guv,. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries local pub lishers published some Javanese Mataram histories; the first was an edition of 1872. 25.810 Babad Mataram-Kartasura: cod. 4100, 4914, 4945, 5538, 6408 a - b - c (Suryanirpat, Paku Alaman, Yogyakarta), 8501, 8503. 25.820 Babad Mataram-Kartasura (Banu- mas copy): cod. DFT S 240/280 13, 14. 25.830 Babad Mataram, Matjku Rat: cod. AdKIT 555/12 (East Java copy). 25.840 Babad Pajajaran-Mataram: cod. 1867 I-II, 2004, 2291, 3182. 26.000 Nitik, Inside Stories. In Javanese popular belief and in popular liter ature, Sultan Agut} Anakra Kusuma of Mataram was the last of the great mythic Kings, whose lives and miraculous exploits were the subjects of tales connecting them with the spirits and the ancestors. Sultan Agut} was credited with supernatural powers. The tale of his intercourse with the goddess of the Southern Ocean, Ratu Lara Kidul, is particularly interesting as evidence of the survival of pre-Islamic indigenous religious concepts in the seventeenth century. In Java nese literature Sultan Ague’s grandfather Panëmbahan Sénapati, the founder of the dynasty, is distinguished by miraculous tales in the same way. Only in the case of the great Sultan, the most powerful King of the House of Mataram, admiration and religious awe of contemporaries and a later generation brought about a cycle of myths. In a way