65

3873, 5145 (— 10.581 = BCB prtf 67), 5159, 5201, 5249, 5253 (= 10.570 = BCB prtf 66), 5258, 5319, 5420, 5422, 9112 (Krt 56, Mantra Parèmbon), 9123 (Krt 74, Astaka Mantra), 9130 (Krt 84, Astra Mantra), 9442 (Krt 750, Mantra nii3 Macaniga), 9504 (Krt 883, Atrna Raksa Mantra), 9515 (Krt 903, Mantra Paidër- idëran), 9769 (Krt 1409, Gagëlaran Man tra), 9776 (Krt 1424, siwa Samüha), REM 849-1. 11.820 Sanskrit hymns in praise of gods, stawa, stuti: cod. 5227, 5264, 5291, 5317 (Durga Stuti), 9865 (Krt 1600, Rudra Kawaca), 5361, 5369, 5424, 9165 (Krt 147, Kunti Yajna), 9192 (Krt 189, Dwijéndra), 9985 (Krt 1843, Astawa Mantra), BCB prtf 43 B (Sylvain Lévy collection). 11.830 Sanskrit slokas, hymns without Ja vanese explanations: cod. 3836 (Weda, Gairjga hymn), 5395 (Rudra Kawaca), 5435 d V, 9907 (Krt 1673, Puja Stawa). 12.000 Javanese-B alinese incan tations and prayers addressed to various Indian gods and goddesses are found in several compendiums and books of notes, which also contain Sanskrit slokas and hymns (see the preceding paragraphs, group C, 11.000). In fact it often is difficult to make a clear distinction. Incantations referring to a variety of spir its of local importance are also found in the same books of notes. Some incantation texts contain passages which show influence of Islam. Many incantations show some relationship with magic. In the present Synopsis, notes

on magic have been registered in Part Four, 40.250. The reason why incantations, though probably often used for special purposes in the same way as magic formulas and prac tices, are still registered in the present Part One, is their original function in divine wor ship. In 15.500, which deals with Islamic prayers, in Arabic, the same double use of prayer texts, in religious devotion and in downright magic practice, is mentioned. In 15.600 Javanese incantations of the Islamic period, comparable with the present Ja- vanese-Balinese incantations, will be dis cussed. Several Javanese-B alinese incantations al so are used in exorcist rites. Exorcist texts have been registered separately under one of the next heads (12.400). Some Javanese-B alinese songs, poems in indigenous or Indian metres referring to religious speculation, have been registered under 12.800. They are often called aji (lesson, lore). In a way they are comparable with mystic poems, called suluks (songs), belonging to the Islamic period of Javanese cultural history. Perhaps occasionally certain Javanese-B alinese ajis were sung in meetings of religiously minded people. Some relation ship between those religious songs and the present incantations seems probable. Under the present head Javanese-Balinese incantation texts of various kinds, addressed to Indian gods, goddesses and native spirits are collected. The age of the texts is very difficult to 1 ascertain. It is not improbable that some incantations addressed to spirits, or referring to them, contain elements of pristine indigenous Javanese, Balinese or Sasak belief. The existence of some relation ship between ancient religious concepts and