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(Dictionary of Anglo-Indian words) desir able. The letter o was used indiscriminately as a rendering of Javanese o and Javanese a in cases where the a was pronounced as a in Central and East Java. Javanese j and c, in Dutch texts rendered by dj and tj, were often mistakenly interchanged, and the fre quently occurring Javanese termination in -an was written and pronounced -ang (-m3). In the nineteenth century Dutch scholars introduced the custom of transcribing Javan ese texts in the Latin script. In the present book the term romanizing is used for this process. In the course of their studies of Old Javanese literature they developed a simple system of writing the language in the Latin script, in several cases deviating from Dutch- Indian popular usage. Nevertheless the system was typically Dutch, using oe, dj, tj, nj, j and ng for u, j, c, n, y and v,. Diacritical dots were placed under the letters d and f in order to distinguish them from d and t. In the twentieth century the use of the Latin script was strongly propagated by “Volkslectuur”, a Dutch Government insti tute for the spreading of low-priced popular literature in indigenous languages. The dif ference in price between books printed in the Latin script and in the cumbrous Javanese characters was decisive for the choice. The same argument led to the introduction of primers and readers for the schools printed in the Latin script. The number of books printed in the Javanese script was steadily decreasing even before world-war II. In the present book a transcription bor rowed from the well-known Sanskrit trans literation system is applied in order to have a uniform spelling of Javanese words and names of whatever origin and period through

out the three volumes (see 00145). In con sequence in the present book some names are spelled differently from common Dutch pre-war usage. The difference refers mostly to the use of c, j, 13, n, u and y instead of tj, dj, ng, nj, oe and j. Except oe, the latter clus ters of letters (and ƒ = y), borrowed from the Dutch spelling, have remained in use in Java in the post-world war II period. Arabic words are transcribed according to the well-known system. As a rule Arabic words and names are given in the forms which they have in Javanese, though. The following list contains the letters and marks used in the present book to trans literate Javanese, Sanskrit and Arabic words, a: in Jav. (sometimes): a (ara); in Skrt (sometimes) a (kala); in Arab, (some times) : a (Kur’an). b: in Skrt (sometimes): bh (bhaya). c: in the common Javanese spelling, tj is in use instead of c (cilik: tjilik); in Skrt (sometimes) : ch (chaya) ; formerly (sometimes): 9 (now s: cloka: sloka). d: in Jav. (sometimes): d (duda); in Skrt (sometimes): dh (dharma); (sometimes): d (danda); (sometimes): dh (adhya); in Arab, (sometimes): d (fard, Java nese: përlu); (sometimes): dh (dhikr, Javanese: dikir); in the common Java nese spelling, dj is in use for j (adji: aji). e: in Jav. either é (énak), or è (bètèt), or ë (pëpët). f: only in Arabic. g: in Skrt (sometimes): gh (ghora); in Arab, (sometimes): g (hagg, Javanese: haji); (sometimes): gh (baligh, Java nese: balèg). h: in Skrt (sometimes): h (nihsünya); in