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them from occasionally composing Sanskrit slokas on religious and historical subjects. In these texts declined and conjugated forms of words were carefully avoided. The San skrit idiom of these texts lias been named Archipelago Sanskrit by some Dutch schol ars of the twentieth century. In the Islamic period, on the other hand, Arabic grammar was studied assiduously by pious people desiring to read Arabic texts on theology, law and mysticism. Without an acquaintance with Arabic grammar it is impossible to read even the simplest Arabic sentence without misunderstandings. This is a consequence of the shorthand character of the Arabic script. The duty of reciting nume rous Arabic prayers and Kur’an passages, incumbent on all Muslims, made some know ledge of Arabic script and Arabic grammar indispensable. Therefore many books of notes and compendiums of Islamic religious lore contain paragraphs on Arabic grammar. In the nineteenth century, the interest in Javanese linguistics shown by Dutch scholars prompted some Javanese authors to write treatises on modern Javanese grammar. In the beginning remnants of Old Javanese works on Sanskrit linguistics, badly under stood, were used. Afterwards the influence of Dutch grammarians of professor Roorda’s school became noticeable. In the twentieth century several Javanese grammars for schools and teachers training-colleges were written on the pattern of Dutch textbooks of the time. Beside complete Javanese grammars, sparse notes on Javanese linguistics were contributed by several Dutch scholars of the last decades of the nineteenth century. Refer ences to published books and papers are to

be found in Uhlenbeck’s “Critical Survey” (1964). Relevant texts have been registered in the General Index under the catchword grammar. 46.010 Swara Wyanjana, Sanskrit gram mar, Old Javanese: cod. 3964 (= 3965), 5069, 5077, 5081, 5109 (= BCB prtf 3). 46.020 Karaka Sarjgraha, Aji Krakah, Sans krit grammar, with Javanese-Balinese spec ulations : cod. 5075 (= BCB prtf 2), 5110, 9137 (Krt 92), 9852 (Krt 1578). 46.030 Notes, Javanese-Balinese, on gram mar, aksaras, orthography, etc.: cod. 9284 (Parama Sastra kawi, Krt 384), 9465 (Catur Sandi, Krt 792). 46.040 Notes, Javanese, on Sanskrit gram mar, etc.: cod. 3173 (Sandi Sastra, Wyanjana Sandi). 46.050 Jurumiya (Agurrümïya), and Damir, treatises on Arabic grammar: cod. 5674, 7034, 7039. 46.060 Parama Sastra, Caraka Basa, by Rai3ga Warsita, modern Javanese treatise on grammar: cod. 8627. 46.070 Wyakarana Jawa, Javanese gram mar by Winter and Wilkens: cod. 8626. 46.080 Javanese grammars in Dutch, by Dutch scholars : cod. 2169 (Cornets de Groot), KITLV Or 227 (van der Vlis and Winter). 46.250 Prosody. In the pre-Islamic period Javanese poets imitated Sanskrit kawyas and borrowed the Indian metres, though altogether unfitting for the Javanese language, which has no metric quantities,