204

30.320 Romances connected with epics, wayang theatre and exorcism, gaguritans.

The study of Old Javanese texts was continued for centuries in Bali; it was not interrupted by Islam, as it was in Java. Whereas in Java in the eighteenth and nine teenth centuries modernized Javanese ver sions of the old epics were indispensible in order to render the tales intelligible, in Bali the original Old Javanese texts still were sufficiently well understood. Nevertheless in the nineteenth century Balinese authors also made modernized versions of old epics, partly in the vernacular Balinese (which are not discussed here), partly in the Javanese-Bali- nese literary idiom. They are fairly numer ous. Under the present head some modern ized Javanese-Balinese poetic versions of Old Javanese texts are collected. In Bali they are called gaguritans, irrespective of whether they are written in Balinese or in the Java nese-Balinese literary idiom. The metres used are of the tëryihan and macapat kinds (see 00070). In Part Two, History, several historical romances, called ballads, are discussed (20.700). The Old Javanese prose chronicle Pararaten (20.420) has a poetic version. Probably the gaguritans mentioned under the present head belong to a somewhat later period than the ballads. The nineteenth cen tury gaguritans are pre-eminently belletristic. The Javanese-Balinese Tantri poems, being versions of the Old Javanese prose Kaman- daka, are comparable with the present ga guritans. They form a large group of texts by themselves; therefore they have been discussed under a previous head (30.295). 30.321 Sumanasantaka in teijahan verse:

cod. 3722 (= 4521 = 10.480 = BOB prtf 12), 9375 (Krt 609). 30.322 Korawasrama in teijahan verse: cod. 3979 (= BOB prtf 11). 30.323 Adiparwa kidut), in teijahan verse: cod. 3917-11 (= BOB prtf 20). 30.330 Wayai} romances. In Java nese-Balinese literature epic tales developed on the one side into independent romantic poems, and on the other into plays for the wayar) theatre. A similar development is apparent in the literature of Java, which will be discussed under separate heads (30.900 and 31.080). But in Bali the thea trical literature, the plays, were not put in writing as extensively as they were in eigh teenth century Java. So Javanese-Balinese epic romances are the most conspicuous spe cimens of the later development of classic tales on Balinese soil. They are comparable with the epic prose tales, which have been registered under 30.215 of the present Part Three. Javanese-Balinese epic romances, closely connected with the wayaj3 purwa theatre, belong to the same sphere as the Panji romances (see 30.360), which also have a connection with theatrical art. A few poets borrowed subject-matter for romantic poems from the store of native Balinese folk-tales, partly connected with Pahji tales (see 30.410). Another group of Javanese-Balinese roman tic literature is based on historical tales: the ballads. They have been discussed se parately (see 20.700) on account of their relation with history. As usual the age of the romances is diffi-