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in Part Two of the present Synopsis, under the head biographies (28.830 and 28.840). Like Surya Wijaya, Suradipura lived for years in Batavia, where he was eventually employed by Dr Hazeu. Sasra Kusuma wrote also an interesting autobiography (28.820). Padma Susastra (Wira Pustaka) wrote many didactic books in prose in a modernized style. His name is mentioned in Part Four of the present Synopsis (45.360 and 45.530) as the author of a Javanese dictionary and an encyclopedia. The “Pratélan kawontënan “it} Buku-buku Museum” (KBG, Batavia/ Djakarta) by Purwa Suwigna and Wira Wajjsa (two vols, 1920) and the “Catalogus “der Bibliotheek van het Koninklijk Instituut “voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde”, five vols, by Rouffaer, Muller, Stapel and Voor hoeve (The Hague/Leiden, since 1908), con tain valuable bibliographic information on printed Javanese books, i.a. books written by the above-mentioned authors. 31.441 Surya hjalam, didactic romantic tale in verse, by Surya Wijaya: cod. 5542, 6203 a no 22. 31.442 Sëca Wardaya, moralistic tales in verse, by Surya Wijaya: cod. 5546. 31.443 Travels of Surya Wijaya, in verse: cod. 3168. 31.444 Randa Guna Wëcana, novel in prose by Surya Wijaya: cod. 5544 b. 31.460 Modern Novels. In the first decades of the twentieth century the modern novellistic genre developed. Javanese authors were encouraged by Dutch scholars to try their hands at writing prose tales and essays. Educational officers considered an evolution

of literature in this modern European sense indispensable as a means to guide Javanese society on the way to progress. The Govern ment Bureau for popular literature (“Volks- “lektuur”), which began its activities in the period of world-war I, was instrumental in modernizing the supply of books available to Javanese, Malay and Sundanese readers. It is remarkable that for a considerable time Malay and Sundanese modem novels and essays reached a higher standard than the work of Javanese authors. This inferiority in modernization has been ascribed te» the long tradition of Javanese religious, histori cal and wayarj literature. Apparently Java nese authors for a long time were unable to leave the trodden path of their predeces sors in the age-old literary tradition. Under the present head are collected manu scripts mostly containing texts which were submitted to “Volkslektuur” for publication but rejected for some reason or another. The Javanese books which were published by Volkslektuur during the period of its activity between world-war I and II, and several older books published since 1900, can be found in booklists of “Volkslektuur” and in the “Pratélan kawontënanii} Buku-buku Mu seum” (see 31.440). 31.461 Jantra Entra,, novel by Pujaharja: cod. 6754. 31.462 Cariyos warni-warni, short stories by Atmadirja: cod. 8983 no 1. 31.463 Sukrna Murca, romantic erotic story by Darta Sayana: cod. 8983 no 2. 31.464 Cariyos Larjka, ghost story by Su- warna Rëna Utama: cod. 8985 no 1.