275

40.850 Niti Mani, revised by raden mas arya Suganda, modern Javanese prose trea tise on procreation and eroticism mixed with mysticism: cod. 6415, 6502, 8616. 40.860 Notes, rustic Javanese, on women’s lore, eroticism, female Muslim nabis: cod. 5610. 41.000 Physiognomy of horse, hippo- logy, in Java called katurav,gan, was al ready known in Java in the pre-Islamic period. Its flourishing period, however, was later, namely in the eighteenth and nine teenth centuries, a result of the increasing use of horse for purposes of war, pomp and circumstance. Tournaments on horseback belonged to the favourite sports of Javanese nobility. They were called senènan or sêton after the days of the week (Monday or Saturday) on which they used to be held (at the Royal Courts or in the residences of the provincial gentry). The mounts, richly caparisoned, were trained to go at an amble and to move sidewards with a curious crab-like gait. The gentlemen, wearing old-fashioned warlike apparel, held long lances with blunt points. They sat perched on high wooden saddles. By skilful manoeuvring of their horse in combination with feint attacks with their lances they tried to unsaddle their opponents. In the twentieth century tournaments went out of use as a consequence of the consider able costs and the changing views on sport, (see the present author’s “Java in the XIVth “Century”, vol. IV, p. 519). Javanese katuraqgan is especially inter ested in marks (in Javanese called mati) in the horse’s coat, small curls of hair, which

are believed to be indications of the animal’s qualities and character, according to the places on the body where they are found. The colour of the coat is also significant, of course. A horse with good marks, suited to the state and personality of the owner, can bring him luck and prosperity, and the reverse is also true, according to Javanese belief. Under the head Magic (40.250) the interrelationship of katurav,gan, divination and magic has been mentioned. Horse were kept in Java not only for their practical use and their supposed magic influence on their masters’ fortunes, but also for their own sake: they were pets. Some katuraqgan texts contain notes on horse medicines and means to promote the well being of the cherished animals. Some Javanese-Balinese manuscripts con tain nothing but texts on katuraw,gan, but mostly these texts are found together with others, on divination and magic, in books of notes or compendiums. In the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century some modem Javanese katuraygan texts were published by local printers in Java. The Javanese reading public apparently showed an interest in these books. Manuscripts containing relevant texts have been registered in the General Index under the catchwords horse and katura-^gan. 41.010 Katurai}gan, Javanese-Balinese, horse medicines: cod. 2219. 41.020 Carcan Jaran, Carcan Kuda, Java nese-Balinese notes on divination with refer ence to horse: cod. 4580, 5237 (Aswa Siksa), 9238 (Krt 276), 9469 (Krt 805), 9766 (Aswa Lak- sana, Krt 1405).