312

47.920 Pradata and Balé Maiju courts of law, Yogyakarta, sentences : cod. CB 34. 47.930 Lawsuits, judgments of the Pradata Gëdé court of law, Surakarta: cod. 5559. 47.940 Selections from NBS codexes 75, 83, 85, 87, copied for Dr Brandes: cod. 8994 (Undaq-undaq Yogyakarta, e.a.). 47.950 Kontrak 113 nagari ISfayogyakarta, 1755-1836: cod. 6480 (treaties). 48.000 Islamic Law, Fiqh. In the Islamic period Muslim religious law (Arabic: fikh, in the present book spelled fiqh when mentioned in an English context) became an important object of study for Javanese divines. Fiqh comprises the whole of human behaviour and action without making a dis tinction between a religious and a secular sphere of life. In practice the faithful in Java did make such a distinction, though, recog nizing the authority of fiqh in the religious sphere only, and allowing the profane sphere to be ruled by custom and secular law. Beside all matters pertaining to religious rites and divine worship, some aspects of family life, namely marriage, divorce and inheritance law, were (partly) ruled by fiqh. Arabic treatises dealing with these subjects were studied in Java, and Javanese transla tions or adaptations are found in many books of notes and compendiums of Islamic reli gious lore. In the present Synopsis specifically religious fiqh treatises have been registered under various heads in Part One, Religion (see 15.800 and 16.500). The numerous edi fying religious and moralistic poems and treatises of Ahmad Ripaqi (RifaT) contain

also passages dealing with various aspects of Islamic law (see 16.000). References can be found in the General Index under the catchword fikh. Under the present head some Javanese texts, translations or adaptations of Arabic fiqh books, dealing with Islamic law in all its aspects, are listed. The Tuhfah by Ibnu Kajar (Ibn Hagar al-Haithamï), the Ilah (idah fi l’-Fikh), the Muharrar by al Rafi c i and the Takrlb by Abu Suga c seem to have been studied intensely. They are mentioned as authorities in several Javanese books of notes and compendiums. Manuscripts written in Java, containing the original Arabic texts or parts of it, sometimes provided with Java nese interlinear glosses, have been registered in Voorhoeve’s “Handlist of Arabic manu- “scripts of the Leiden University Library” (1957). The Javanese version of the Tuhfah has been published in The Netherlands by Dutch scholars (Keyzer, 1853; 2nd edition Roorda, 1874; Dutch translation L. de Vries, Verh. KBG vol. 68 no. 4, 1929). The origin of the Javanese Tuhfah is a book of Javanese glosses of the Arabic text, later, after a fashion, remodelled. Due to this fact the Javanese prose style of the book, and of similar treatises, is stiff and unnatural. 48.010 Tuhfah by Ibnu Kajar: cod. 1841, 1904 (= BCB prtf 218), 1905, 2121, 2172, 2173. 48.020 Notes on law, Ilah (i.e. Idah) etc.: cod. 5466 (Ilah), 5469 (miscellaneous), 7405 (Ilah), NBS 85 (Ilah with other texts), AdKIT 2725/5 (special cases). 48.030 Treatises on inheritance law: cod. 1906 (from Fath al-Wahhab), 5643. 48.040 Tekarub (i.e. Takarrub), a commen tary of the Takrib: