206

Ménak Amir Hamza romance in macapat verse, fragmentary, Rëqganis tale. Beginning and conclusion are missing. The idiom shows Madurese influence. The round East Javanese script is passably well written. Bought from Mrs Wennink in 1976. The ms may date from the second half of the 19th century. 14.434 27.010 29,5 x 21 cm out- 32 pp. side romanized 26 x 18 cm writing typewritten copy paper bound Babad Tanah Jawa, Major Babad, beginning, 8 cantos, romanized by Soegiarto, to be used as reader by students, 1976.

loose leaves in a portfolio Rasa Carita mwag Kalpa rakwa manawasta, Old Javanese prose tutur, be ginning with an introduction on cos mogony, the seven spheres of Cosmos, Acintya, the supreme Being; further con taining religious and philosophic specula tions on human genesis: structure of body (sarira) and mind; Bapa-Ibu (father and mother); Sapda Bayu Hëdap (in most other

texts: Sabda and Hidëp, three constituents of the human personality: speech, matter and spirit); Sakala-Niskala (material, exoteric and immaterial, esoteric). Ethics of the wiku, man of religion, are discussed, saqsara, the sinful world: sogata paksa, the Buddhist denomination, are mentioned- The author seems to be inspired by Bud dhist religiosity, though prominent features of Mahayana and Tantrism are not very much in evidence. Sag Manwan (Manon), the Seeing one, is the term used to desig nate the supreme deity in the latter part of the text. (Manon is synonymous with Allah in Javanese Islamic texts). The last para graph (leaf 90) begins: Magkana tékar; kal- pasën: such is deliverance (ikalêpasan, a term frequently used in Javano-Balinese tuturs). Explanations of Sanskrit words and Sanskrit slokas, completely or in pa rt quoted, are an essential element of the text- It is presented as a lesson or a series of lessons on the fundamentals of religi° n given by a master to his pupils, in order to show them the right way to reach perfec tion. This is a characteristic of most tuturs. Whereas in some well-known tuturs names of (probably legendary) masters in holy lore are mentioned in the introduction, the pre sent text seems to contain no names. Sanskrit carita, used in the title in the sense of religious practice, behaviour, * s synonymous with laku, course, progress, which in Javanese texts, both pre-Islamic and Islamic, can convey the same meaning- Kalpa, rule, order, is found as a title in another Old Javanese text of the same group: Kalpa Buda (Buddha), LOr 9456 and 11.183 (Kirtya nos 776 and 111) and Buda Kalpa, CB 113 (4). The otherwise