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long time Madurese people used the Java nese language (closely related to their native tongue) to express themselves in writing. A Javanese-Madurese idiom was used to that end, comparable with the Javanese- Balinese, which occupies an important place in Bali. Not before the nineteenth century were Madurese literary texts, until then apparently transmitted orally, written down in Javanese script (see Uhlenbeck, “The “Languages of Java and Madura”, 1964). In the flourishing period of the Pasisir culture, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Madurese districts ruled by dy nasts probably of mixed Javanese-Madurese blood, sometimes played an important role in Javanese politics. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Regents of the Madura Regencies Bapkalan (often called Madura proper), Sampap, Pamëkasan and Sumënëp, allied by marriage with many noble East Javanese families and even with the Royal Family of Surakarta, were staunch supporters of the Dutch administration. The Madurese militia, Barisan Madura, was in corporated in the Dutch East Indian army. As a military organization it was comparable with the Mapku Nagaran Legion of Sura karta. Madurese gentlemen, often military men, were interested in political developments. In the course of time some histories of Madura, dealing with Javanese-Madurese relations, were written in the Javanese-Madurese idiom. They are registered under the present head. In the field of Belles-Lettres Madura also produced some interesting books. The Ba^sa Cara (or Bap Sacara?) legend (Dutch translation in Djawa, vol. 12, 1932) is com parable with nineteenth century Central Ja

vanese historical novellistic literature like Prana Citra and Jaka Papasih (see 31.300). References to manuscripts containing relevant texts are to be found in the General Index under the catchword Madura. 22.310 Madurese history, West Madura, Baipkalan: cod. 2334. 22.320 Madurese history, East Madura, Sumënëp: cod. 3177 (= 10.684 = BCB prtf 168). 22.330 Ancient legendary history, Jaka Tule: cod. 4943 (= 10.687, 10.689 = BCB prtf 172), 4944. 22.340 Ancient legendary history, Muslim influence, Juragan Gulisman: cod. 4086 (Kanda), 10.995. 22.350 Ancient legendary history, Jaran Panolèh: cod. 9026. 22.360 Pak Lésap, episode of Madurese history: cod. 4897 (= 10.685 = BCB prtf 169), 5547. 22.370 Madurese marriage of King Paku BuwanaVII of Surakarta: cod. 6780, 6782. 22.380 Episode of British invasion, naval actions off the Madura coast, ± 1810): cod. CB 20 (Babad Madura Apgris). 22.390 Bapsa Cara, Madurese legendary history, prose: cod. 2332. 22.400 Bapsa Cara, in verse: cod. 5543, 9047. 22.500 Blambapan and Pasu- ruhan histories. In the Sipasari- Majapahit period, and perhaps even earlier, the Javanese districts East of the Tëpgër-