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“Literator”, BKI vol. 89, 1939, and II, “Die Saiva-Systematik des Vrhaspatitattva”, IAIC, 1958). The Old Javanese Werhaspati Tatwa has been edited and translated into English by Sudarshana Dévi (IAIC, 1957). The fact of Old Javanese religious litera ture being written mainly in prose, not in verse (see 00020) is remarkable. Perhaps the prose of the texts is to be explained as a survival of the prose of the paraphrases of Sanskrit slokas which were the beginning of Old Javanese religious literatur e (and of other kinds of Old Javanese literature as well). Under the present head manuscripts con taining Siwaitic texts belonging to the oldest stages: Sanskrit slokas provided with Old Javanese paraphrases, and com mentaries, have been registered. Many manu scripts containing such Sanskrit verses have been listed in the General Index under the catchword sloka. Old Javanese texts of very different kinds: religious, moralistic, belle- tristic, epic and juridic, may contain Sanskrit slokas. Undoubtedly many Sanskrit slokas were composed by Javanese and Balinese scholars. Therefore the presence of Sanskrit slokas in a Javanese text is not to be con sidered as a clear evidence of the religious character and Indian origin of the said text. The age of Old Javanese religious texts belonging to the oldest stages is difficult to ascertain. The texts do not contain dates. They are, as a rule, preserved in recent Balinese manuscripts. Dr Goris (“Theologie”, 1926, p. 10), mentioning Surya worship as an element of Old Javanese siwaitic religious speculation, drew attention to Sanskrit Agni Pur ana and Garuda Purana, where siwa and Surya, siwaditya, appear united. Agni

Purana and Garuda Purana seem to' belong to the period between 550 and 900 A.D. In the ninth and tenth centuries Indian culture and art (Prambanan and Bara Budur tem ples) flourished in Central Java. So' Dr Goris was inclined to think that the oldest Old Javanese Siwaitic religious texts were written at an early date in Central Java, reflecting the Sanskrit texts which belonged to the same period. Dr Zieseniss pointed to the Saiwa-Siddhanta system as comparable with ideas expressed in the oldest Old Javanese texts. Old Javanese religious literature is less explicit on ritual than the later Javanese- Balinese texts. The cult of idols of the gods is not mentioned. The major part of the majestic stone and bronze statues of gods and goddessess which have been found in East Java in the nineteenth century seem to have had a function in the cult of Royal ancestors. On the ritual of the priests in the Old Javanese Royal ancestor temples (called candis), the residences of the deified Kings, nothing is known with any certainty. The manuscripts do not provide information on this point. 10.010 Old Javanese siwaitic texts with slokas, old treatises: cod. 5022 (Bhuwana Kosa), 5215 (Tatwa sat} hyarj Mahajnana), 9372 (Krt 601, Parakriya), 9830 (Krt 1526, Bhuwana Sarjksépa), 10.286 (Krt 2375, Adhyatmika). 10.020 Werhaspati Tatwa, with slokas, old treatise: cod. 3930, 3963, 5128, 9110 (Krt 54), 9671 (Krt 1195a), CB 120 (Zieseniss). 10.030 Sapta Bhuwana, with slokas, old treatise: cod. 3786 (= 4468).